Code of Criminal Procedure, 1973

The Tourism Finance Corporation of India advanced a Rs 30 crore loan to Rainbow Papers Ltd, whose Managing Director Ajay Kumar Goenka signed a post‑dated cheque that was later dishonoured. A demand notice under Section 138 of the Negotiable Instruments Act was issued and a criminal complaint was filed against the compa…

The appellant, a judicial officer appointed in 2013, granted bail on 27 April 2015 in a corruption case, which led to a departmental enquiry alleging misconduct and extraneous motives. While the enquiry was pending, a Higher Judicial Committee recommended his discharge and a Full Court ordered his termination on ground…

An FIR was lodged against Fakhrey Alam under several IPC sections, the Arms Act and Section 18 of the Unlawful Activities (Prevention) Act (UAPA). The police filed a charge sheet for the IPC and Arms offences within the 180‑day period but delayed the UAPA charge sheet beyond that period, filing it after 211 days. The a…

Sartaj Singh, the injured eye‑witness, was attacked by several persons and lodged an FIR naming the private respondents. The investigating officer filed charge‑sheets against other accused but not the private respondents. During trial Singh testified, again naming the private respondents, and filed an application under…

The appellant filed a criminal appeal after the Allahabad High Court granted bail to the second respondent, who was accused of murdering the appellant’s son. The FIR detailed a brutal knife attack resulting in eight ante‑mortem injuries and death, and the accused had initially been declared a fugitive before surrenderi…

The appellant, Nandlal Baviskar, was convicted of murder (Sec. 302 IPC) for causing the death of his cousin's brother during a dispute over a common wall. The incident involved an exchange of abuse, a stick blow on the appellant, his retreat to his house, and a return armed with a gupti, which he used to inflict a sing…

The prosecution, in a trial for three accused under the IPC and Arms Act, sought to summon eight additional persons under Section 319 of the Code of Criminal Procedure based on a witness statement that eleven persons were involved. The trial court summoned only one of the eight and dismissed the rest; the High Court af…

The State of Gujarat appealed a Gujarat High Court order that, under Section 482 of the CrPC, quashed an FIR in part for serious offences of dacoity (IPC ss. 392, 395, 397) while upholding it for lesser offences. The Supreme Court held that the High Court erred in exercising its inherent powers to quash the FIR at a pr…

S. Sreesanth, a registered cricketer, was alleged to have participated in spot‑fixing during an IPL match on 9 May 2013, accepting Rs 10 lakh to concede 14 runs in an over. A one‑man BCCI commission prepared a preliminary report based on video and telephone recordings, and after Sreesanth’s release from police custody,…

The husband and wife married in 1987, after which the wife sought maintenance under Section 125 of the Criminal Procedure Code. The parties later entered into a compromise under Order 23 Rule 3 of the Civil Procedure Code, agreeing that the wife would receive a lump sum of Rs 8,000 as permanent alimony and would not cl…

The appellants were charged under Sections 498A and 406 of the IPC and the Dowry Prohibition Act after a matrimonial dispute. While the criminal case was pending, the parties reached a mutual settlement, and the complainant wife filed an affidavit supporting the settlement. The trial court rejected the application to d…

The petitioners, a public servant and his wife, sought quashing of a criminal trial under the Prevention of Corruption Act, 1988 for alleged disproportionate assets, alleging inordinate delay that violated their right to a speedy trial under Article 21. The Supreme Court examined whether Article 32 could be invoked to …

The appellant Bhajju (Karan Singh) was convicted of murder for allegedly pouring kerosene on his wife and setting her ablaze. The sole direct evidence against him was the victim's dying declaration recorded by an executive magistrate and attested by a doctor, supported by medical, forensic and material evidence. The ap…

The Supreme Court reviewed an appeal by Govindaraju against a Karnataka High Court conviction for murder under s.302 IPC read with s.34, which had overturned a trial court acquittal. The Court found that the High Court did not show the trial court's judgment to be perverse and that the prosecution's case suffered from …

The case involved the murder of four members of the Vijay Pal family and the grievous injury of Smt. Pinky (PW‑1) in Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh. The accused – Ajai alias Ajju, Braj Pal, Ravi and Mukesh – were convicted under IPC sections 302, 149 and 307 and under the Arms Act, with the trial court imposing death sentenc…

The deceased Shashi Devi, a married woman, was found burnt in the hut of her husband Satye Singh; her father filed a complaint implicating the husband, his mother and sister‑in‑law. The Sessions Court convicted the husband and his mother under Sections 302, 34 and 201 of the IPC based solely on circumstantial evidence,…

The appellants sought to quash a FIR filed by the first respondent alleging offences under Sections 405, 406, 415 and 420 IPC read with Section 34, claiming the complaint was a civil dispute disguised as a criminal case. The High Court had rejected the petition and stayed the proceedings pending a civil suit. On appeal…

Gaurav Kumar (Monu) was convicted for murder under IPC 302 for an incident that occurred on 23-24 May 2000. He claimed he was a juvenile at the time, relying on a school certificate showing a date of birth of 17 August 1982, while the municipal birth certificate recorded 17 August 1981. The Sessions Judge, after an inq…

The petitioners, led by Asha Ranjan, sought the transfer of accused M. Shahabuddin, a notorious history‑sheeter involved in the murder of the petitioner's husband and other crimes, from Siwan Jail in Bihar to Tihar Jail in Delhi, and the conduct of his pending trials via video‑conferencing. The core issue was whether t…

The case involved the smuggling of 184 gold biscuits concealed in meal trolleys of a Lufthansa flight, discovered by customs officers in 1996. Co‑accused Varyam Singh and Ranbir Singh named Pramod Kumar Dhamiya as an investor and participant in the smuggling, but the respondent evaded arrest and was declared a proclaim…

Sanaullah Khan was charged with the kidnapping and murder of three persons—Ravindra Prasad, his son Sunny Kumar, and a servant Arvind—following a dispute over milk supply payments. The prosecution relied on three linked circumstances: the appellant’s servant luring the victims to his premises, the discovery of the bodi…

Surendra Koli, a servant of Maninder Singh Pandher, was convicted of multiple murders of children in Nithari, Noida, where he allegedly lured, strangulated, dismembered and ate the victims. He gave a voluntary confession before a magistrate under Section 164 of the CrPC, which was corroborated by the recovery of skulls…

The appellants Sheo Shankar Singh and Umesh Singh were convicted for the murder of MLA Gurudas Chatterjee, who was shot from a motorcycle while riding pillion. The prosecution relied on the eye‑witness testimony of two riders, corroborated by seizure of the motorcycles, blood‑stained clothing, empty cartridges and medi…

The State of Himachal Pradesh prosecuted Chaman Lal for allegedly pouring kerosene on his wife Saro Devi and setting her on fire, leading to her death. The trial court convicted him based largely on the wife's dying declaration recorded by a Tehsildar, but the High Court acquitted him, extending the benefit of doubt du…

The State, represented by the Inspector of Police, appealed against a Madras High Court order that, after granting bail to M. Murugesan and another under Section 439 of the CrPC, retained the case file and directed the State to collect extensive data on criminal cases and submit reform recommendations. The Supreme Cour…

The State of Rajasthan prosecuted six accused for gang rape and kidnapping of a 14‑year‑old mentally deficient girl, relying on the victim's testimony, her father's eyewitness account, medical examination, and forensic evidence showing semen on the victims' clothing. The trial court convicted all six under IPC sections…

The case arose from a land‑dispute in which Gurcharan Singh attacked Bakhtawar Singh with a gandasa, after which Darshan Singh, the son of Bakhtawar, fired two shots from his licensed gun, killing Gurcharan Singh. The accused pleaded private defence, claiming a reasonable apprehension of death or grievous hurt. The tri…

The appellant, Saumya Chaurasia, a Deputy Secretary in the Chhattisgarh Chief Minister’s Office, was arrested in connection with an extortion‑linked money‑laundering case investigated by the Enforcement Directorate. She sought bail under Section 439 of the Cr.P.C., but the High Court rejected her application, prompting…

The appellant, a director of Bharti Retail, was charged with misbranding food products on 29 November 2010 under the Prevention of Food Adulteration Act, 1954 (PFA). Although the PFA was still in force, the Food Safety and Standards Act, 2006 (FSSA) – including its penalty provision (Section 52) and overriding clause (…

Afzal Ansari, a sitting Member of Parliament, was convicted under Section 3(1) of the Uttar Pradesh Gangsters and Anti‑Social Activities (Prevention) Act and sentenced to four years' imprisonment, resulting in his disqualification from the Lok Sabha under Section 8 of the Representation of the People Act. He appealed t…

The case arose from a 2000 incident in which several accused were convicted of murder and related offences. The trial court framed charges alleging that the victim, Harpal Singh, was killed by bullet injuries from accused No.2, although the evidence showed he died from injuries inflicted by sharp weapons wielded by acc…

The appellant, a 23‑year‑old resident of Chhattisgarh, was convicted of kidnapping, rape, murder and related offences after a missing‑child case led to his confession and the recovery of the victim’s body from a concealed sack. The trial court sentenced him to death for murder and to rigorous imprisonment for the other…

The father of a married woman filed a complaint alleging that her husband, brother‑in‑law and mother‑in‑law demanded dowry, beat her and eventually hanged her. The FIR named all of them and the prosecution charged the husband, the brother‑in‑law (first appellant) and the mother‑in‑law (second appellant) under IPC secti…

The victim Raghumani was allegedly attacked by five persons and, while dying, named the assailants in separate statements to his brother (PW1) and the investigating officer (PW15). The prosecution relied on these dying declarations, eye‑witness testimony recorded days later, and medical evidence indicating fourteen inj…

The appellant, a cotton ginning businessman, alleged that a mill and its officials fraudulently sold cotton lint supplied by him and appropriated the proceeds, prompting him to lodge a complaint under Sections 420, 409 and 34 of the IPC. The police failed to register the case, leading to a criminal proceeding (Crime No…

Madan Mohan filed an application under Section 193 CrPC seeking the summoning of Ashish Meena and Vimal Meena as accused in a case already pending against two other persons. The Sessions Judge issued non‑bailable warrants against the two respondents. They filed a revision under Section 197 CrPC in the High Court, but t…

Prem Giri, charged with offences under several sections of the IPC, applied for anticipatory bail under Section 438 of the Code of Criminal Procedure before the High Court of Rajasthan. The Single Judge of the High Court dismissed the application, merely stating that, in view of the overall facts, bail was not proper, …

The appellant Shama was convicted for murder under Sections 302 and 34 of the IPC, based primarily on the dying declaration of the deceased, Naurang, recorded by Police Inspector Mam Chand after a medical certification of fitness. The appellant challenged the conviction, arguing that the declaration was improperly reco…

The Supreme Court examined whether a magistrate must conduct an enquiry or direct an investigation under Section 202 of the Code of Criminal Procedure before issuing summons to accused persons residing outside the magistrate's territorial jurisdiction. The case arose from a criminal defamation complaint against the man…

Harsh Kumar Sharma, an IFS officer, faced criminal prosecution under the Prevention of Corruption Act for alleged irregularities in a golf‑course project in a forest area. While his promotion to Chief Conservator of Forests was considered by the Departmental Promotional Committee (DPC), the DPC kept his assessment in a…

The appellant, Attar Singh, was convicted of murder under Section 302 IPC for killing his wife by striking her with a wooden log, and was also tried under Section 498A IPC for cruelty. The trial court relied heavily on the testimony of the couple's daughter, who later turned hostile, but the court also considered medic…

The Karnataka Industrial Co-operative Bank alleged that the appellants obtained loans by pledging fake gold ornaments and secured convictions in a criminal revision proceeding. The trial court had acquitted the appellants, but the High Court, exercising its revisional jurisdiction under Sections 397 and 401 of the CrPC…

The appellants were convicted for the murder of a man named Bhau Harishchandra Patil based on the testimony of PW‑2, an alleged eye‑witness, and PW‑1, an informant who later turned hostile. The Supreme Court examined whether the hostile witness’s evidence could be wholly rejected, whether the investigating officer shou…

The case involved a matrimonial dispute between Depti Bhandari and Nitin Bhandari, centering on visitation rights to their minor daughter after the mother shifted residence from Jaipur to Delhi. The father had been granted visitation rights in Jaipur, but the mother sought to modify the order to allow visitation in Del…

The State of Maharashtra appealed against a Bombay High Court order that quashed a Collector’s directive, issued on the instructions of the Chief Minister, which required police to obtain clearance from a District Anti‑Money Lending Committee and a legal opinion before registering any FIR against Gokulchand Sananda and…

Vinay Prakash Singh, convicted of contempt of the Supreme Court on 15 November 2019, was sentenced on 22 September 2022 to six months' imprisonment. He contended that he had been in custody since 3 February 2020 in connection with another case and that, under Section 428 of the CrPC, this period should be set off again…

The Supreme Court entertained a review application filed by the Union of India seeking correction of two sentences in paragraph 25 of its 14‑December‑2018 judgment on the Rafale fighter‑jet procurement, and also considered the petitioners' claim that the Court had failed to order registration of an FIR and CBI investig…

The Supreme Court examined appeals by six accused, including Anil Kumar Yadav, against the cancellation of bail granted by the Sessions Court in a murder‑related case (Sections 302, 308 IPC read with 34 IPC). The Court held that the Sessions Court had improperly merged the framing of charges with the grant of bail in a…

The appellants were charged under Sections 354 and 394 IPC for an alleged assault and robbery arising from a land access dispute. While the criminal case was pending, the parties reached an amicable settlement, and the complainant withdrew support for the prosecution. The appellants filed a petition under Section 482 C…

Abdul Rehman and co‑accused filed a complaint with the Crime Against Women (CAW) Cell alleging that K.M. Anees‑ul‑Haq had demanded dowry, invoking sections 406 and 34 of the IPC and sections 3 and 4 of the Dowry Prohibition Act. In retaliation, the respondent lodged a complaint under sections 211, 500, 109, 114 and 34 …

The appellant, Somjeet Mallick, alleged that his truck was hired by the respondents who paid only the first month's rent and thereafter failed to pay the agreed rent, making false promises. A complaint under Section 156(3) CrPC led to the registration of an FIR and cognizance by the Chief Judicial Magistrate, after whi…

The Supreme Court examined the appeal of A.K. Devaiah, convicted under Sections 3, 4, 6 of the Dowry Prohibition Act and Sections 498‑A and 304‑B of the IPC for the death of his wife, who committed suicide by self‑immolation within a year of marriage. The prosecution proved that the husband demanded dowry, that the wif…

The State of Karnataka appealed the acquittal of Smt. Suvarnamma and her husband Manjunath for the dowry‑related death of the bride, Soumya, who died from severe burn injuries within seven years of marriage. The prosecution proved that the accused had harassed the victim for dowry and that the mother‑in‑law poured kero…

The Chhattisgarh State Electricity Board rejected R. Vijaykumar's tender after a performance report, prepared by the appellants (public servants), found his equipment unsatisfactory. Vijaykumar unsuccessfully pursued civil remedies, withdrew his suit, and then filed a criminal complaint alleging forgery and conspiracy …

The appellant, a company secretary of Rallis India Ltd., was accused in a private complaint of defamation under Sections 499 and 500 IPC for a letter allegedly sent to Ashika Capital Ltd. that contained false allegations against the complainants. The trial court took cognizance of the complaint and summoned the appella…

The victim, a 15‑year‑old girl, was allegedly lured to the house of Chhoti under the pretext of fetching lassi, where Om Prakash and Kartar Singh locked the door and raped her. The FIR was lodged after a 20‑day delay, explained by the victim’s mother’s absence. Evidence—including the victim’s testimony, medical examina…

The CBI filed a charge‑sheet in a Special Court under the Prevention of Corruption Act against six persons for conspiracy, forgery and corruption. The Special Judge, exercising powers under Section 5 of the Act and the Code of Criminal Procedure, summoned three additional persons who had been listed as witnesses. The D…

Kanchan Kumar, a former Assistant General Manager of the Bihar State Financial Corporation, was charged under Sections 13(1)(d) and 13(2) of the Prevention of Corruption Act, 1988 for allegedly possessing assets disproportionate to his known income during the period 1974‑1988. The charge‑sheet claimed an income of Rs. …

The petitioners sought a uniform policy for registration, arrest and bail in cases under Section 498‑A IPC, challenging the directions issued in Rajesh Sharma v. State of U.P. that created Family Welfare Committees, barred arrests before their report, and allowed district courts to dispose of settled cases. The Court e…

The appellant, former ISRO scientist S. Nambi Narayanan, was arrested in 1994 on alleged espionage charges that were later found to be false by the CBI, leading to his discharge. He spent nearly fifty days in police custody, during which the Supreme Court found that the investigation by Kerala police was malicious, cau…

Dr. Sunil Clifford Daniel was convicted for the murder of his wife, Dr. Loyalla Shagoufta, and for concealing her death under IPC sections 302 and 201. The prosecution relied on a series of circumstantial facts – blood‑stained clothes handed to a medical superintendent, forensic evidence of human blood on recovered ite…

The appellant, Rama Devi, was charged under IPC sections 406, 420, 465, 468 and 120‑B for allegedly conspiring with her vendor to sell a plot of land to the complainant despite knowing it had been previously transferred. The trial magistrate took cognizance of the complaint, and the appellant sought to quash the procee…

The Supreme Court examined the murder of Chand Khan and his son Shabir Khan, for which five appellants were convicted under Section 302 read with Section 34 of the IPC. The appellants challenged the conviction on grounds that no charge under Section 34 was framed, that the injuries could not be linked to them due to co…

The State of Karnataka appealed against a High Court order that granted bail to a celebrity actor (A2) and co‑accused in a murder‑conspiracy case involving Sections 302, 120B and 34 IPC, where the victim was allegedly kidnapped, tortured and killed after sending obscene messages to A2’s partner. The High Court had reli…

The case arose from a conviction of Sandeep Singh Hora for offences under Sections 304B, 498A, 406 IPC and Sections 3 and 4 of the Dowry Prohibition Act, including life imprisonment. While the appeal against the conviction was pending, the Allahabad High Court granted him bail under Section 389 of the CrPC without reco…

The appellant, a co‑founder of a media production firm, sought to quash an FIR filed by a rival media financier alleging offences under sections 60(b), 316(2) and 318(2) of the Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita, 2023. The High Court, instead of simply deciding the petition, directed the parties to undergo mediation and ordered t…

The appellant, a daughter of the late K.G. Yellappa Reddy, alleged that her brothers and their sons forged a family tree and a partition deed to exclude her and her sisters from a Rs 33 crore compensation awarded for family land acquired by the Bengaluru Metro Rail Corporation. Based on these forged documents, the resp…

The appellants were charged under two FIRs, the first involving offences such as unlawful assembly and assault, and the second containing grave charges of sexual assault under Section 376 IPC. The complainant in the second FIR later filed an affidavit stating she no longer wished to pursue the case, having received a m…

Asian Paints Ltd., a paint manufacturer, discovered that counterfeit paints bearing its brand were being sold by Ram Babu. The company, through a power of attorney, engaged an IPR consultancy to investigate and the investigation led to an FIR under the IPC and Copyright Act. The trial court convicted Ram Babu, but the …

The appellant, Dhanasingh Prabhu, advanced a loan of Rs.21 lakh to the respondents who were partners of the partnership firm “Mouriya Coirs”. The respondents issued a cheque in the name of the firm which was dishonoured, prompting the appellant to serve a statutory notice under Section 138 of the Negotiable Instruments…

The appellant A-4, a young woman engaged to B.V. Girish, was unwilling to marry him and confided her grievance to friend A-1, who enlisted cousin A-3 and A-2 to murder the fiancé. The deceased was fatally injured with a steel rod on 3 December 2003; eyewitnesses were later discredited and the case hinged on circumstant…

The plaintiffs filed a title suit in 1984 which was dismissed by the trial court but later allowed by the first appellate court. The defendants appealed, and the High Court set aside the first appellate court's decree, holding that several defendants had died during the pendency of the first appeal and their legal heir…

The State of Karnataka challenged the Karnataka High Court’s order that quashed criminal proceedings against former BBMP Chief Engineer B.T. Ramesh on the grounds that the chargesheet was filed more than four years after the alleged misconduct and that no sanction under Section 197 of the CrPC was obtained. Ramesh had …

The petitioners, led by Himanshu Kumar, alleged that police, Special Police Officers, Salwa Judum activists and paramilitary forces carried out brutal massacres of tribals in three Chhattisgarh villages in September and October 2009 and sought a mandamus directing the CBI to investigate and compensation for the victims…

The appellant, ShaHaja @ ShaHajan Ismail Mohd. Shaikh, was convicted of murdering Mahankal Jaiswal after two eye‑witnesses (PW‑1 and PW‑8) testified that he assaulted the victim with a hammer. The trial court also relied on a discovery panchnama under Section 27 of the Evidence Act, which recorded the appellant pointin…

The appellant, Dhananjay Rai, was convicted of murder, criminal conspiracy and illegal possession of arms and appealed the conviction before the Patna High Court. The appeal was admitted, but the appellant subsequently absconded, leading the High Court to dismiss the appeal on the ground of non‑prosecution. The Supreme…

The Supreme Court examined an appeal filed by Subrata Roy Sahara challenging a Patna High Court order that, while hearing an anticipatory bail application filed by co‑accused Pramod Kumar Saini under s.438 CrPC, directed notice to third parties including the appellant who was not an accused. The Court held that an anti…

The appellant, Arjun Panditrao Khotkar, was elected to the Maharashtra Legislative Assembly but his election was challenged on the ground that two of his nomination papers were filed after the statutory deadline. The High Court relied on video recordings of the Returning Officer's office, produced by the Election Commi…

The appellant, Manmohan Attavar, contested an ex‑parte interim order of the Karnataka High Court that allowed the respondent, Neelam Manmohan Attavar, to occupy his Bengaluru premises under the Protection of Women from Domestic Violence Act, 2005. The respondent claimed to be the appellant’s wife/companion and sought a…

The appellants were convicted for the murder of Vinod Kumar under Section 302 read with Section 34 of the IPC. They appealed, contending that the FIR was lodged nine hours after the incident without a satisfactory explanation and that the key eyewitnesses were close relatives of the deceased, rendering their testimony …

The appellant, Yusuf, was accused of murdering 13‑year‑old Sahanara Khatun and of concealing the offence under Sections 302 and 201 IPC. The prosecution relied on the claim that Yusuf attempted to rape the girl, struck her with a spade and buried her, supported by witnesses who saw Yusuf near the field with a spade, an…

The complainant, a sub‑contractor, alleged that the appellants (directors of Bharat Udyog Ltd.) had partially paid him for work on a sewerage plant and had forged engineers' signatures to claim they performed the work. He filed an FIR alleging cheating, forgery and related offences under the IPC, seeking recovery of th…

The appellants were convicted under the Prevention of Food Adulteration Act (PoFA) for selling adulterated curd and various food items, receiving six months' imprisonment and fines. They sought release on probation under the Probation of Offenders Act, 1958, arguing that Section 20AA of PoFA, which excluded probation, …

The appellants, a group of journalists and media houses, were charged with defamation for publishing a news item that alleged the Additional Commissioner of Police, Rajiv Trivedi, facilitated the Sohrabuddin encounter. The second respondent obtained a previous sanction under Section 199(4)(b) of the Criminal Procedure …

The Supreme Court examined a challenge by the State of Uttar Pradesh to a Allahabad High Court order that, in a writ petition seeking quashment of an FIR, issued sweeping procedural directions for criminal trials, including mandating production of accused with Section 173 reports, requiring police stations to install p…

The appeal concerned a poem titled "Gandhi Mala Bhetala" published in a private bulletin, for which the author, publisher and printer were charged under Section 292 of the Indian Penal Code for obscenity. The Supreme Court examined whether the use of Mahatma Gandhi’s name as an allusion or symbol heightened the applica…

The CFA Institute and its representative issued a public notice titled "A Word of Caution" warning prospective students about the use of the CFA trademark by the Institute of Chartered Financial Analysts of India (ICFAI) after an interim injunction was granted against ICFAI. ICFAI filed a private criminal complaint all…

The appellants were charged under several IPC offences and the Daain Act, failed to appear after summons and bailable warrants, and subsequently faced non‑bailable warrants and a proclamation under Section 82 CrPC. They filed an anticipatory bail application in November 2022, which was adjourned without interim protect…

The appellants were convicted for murder under Section 302 IPC, alleged to have participated in an unlawful assembly that killed Kartikram. The prosecution’s case relied on the testimony of interested and injured witnesses, while the accused claimed they were falsely implicated and highlighted a four‑hour delay in lodg…

The appellant, Chairman and Managing Director of M/s MSPL Ltd, imported an Aston Martin, paid customs duty and road tax, and later paid a differential motor vehicle tax after a demand notice. A FIR alleged that he conspired with a Regional Transport Officer to evade road tax, leading to criminal proceedings under the P…

The case arose from a matrimonial dispute in which the husband, S. Nallasamy, alleged that his wife’s family forcibly entered his house and threatened him, leading to an FIR under IPC sections 147, 448, 294(b) and 506. The FIR named only 11 persons, although the complainant later claimed that 20 additional persons were…

The appellant, a husband, was convicted under IPC sections 498A (dowry harassment) and 306 (abetment of suicide) for the death of his wife Girija, who committed suicide within seven years of marriage in their matrimonial home. The prosecution proved that Girija had suffered multiple physical injuries and mental cruelty…

The petitioners, who had obtained large credit facilities from two banks by allegedly submitting forged lease documents as collateral, defaulted on payments and were prosecuted for fraud and related offences. The banks later settled the civil dues through a one‑time settlement, and the petitioners sought to have the cr…

The appellant filed an FIR alleging that the respondents opened indiscriminate fire on the deceased, resulting in his death, and the respondents later obtained anticipatory bail under Section 438 of the CrPC. The Sessions Judge rejected the bail, but the Patna High Court granted it, citing an old dispute and the respon…

The appellant, advocate B.N. Shivanna, was retained by Advanta India Ltd. and allegedly fabricated High Court orders and embezzled Rs 72 lakhs by misusing his position. The Karnataka High Court suo motu and on the company’s complaint initiated criminal contempt proceedings, convicted him and sentenced him to six months…

The case involves multiple appeals arising from a Delhi High Court judgment concerning the division of powers between the Government of National Capital Territory of Delhi (GNCTD) and the Lieutenant Governor (LG) under Article 239AA of the Constitution. The Supreme Court Constitution Bench had earlier interpreted Artic…

Gagan Kumar was convicted by a Judicial Magistrate of offences under Sections 279 and 304-A of the Indian Penal Code and sentenced to two separate terms of rigorous imprisonment with fines. He appealed to the Additional Sessions Judge and then to the High Court, both of which affirmed the conviction and sentence. The s…

The petitioner, MD Mannan, was convicted of rape and murder of an eight‑year‑old girl and sentenced to death by the trial court, a decision affirmed by the High Court and the Supreme Court. He filed a review petition which was dismissed by circulation, but the Supreme Court reopened it following the Mohd Arif decision …

On 19 November 2006, a dispute over cutting a tree led three accused (Arjun, Lalaram and Padumlal) to assault the deceased Ayodhya Prasad with a katta, gandasa and a stone, causing fatal head injuries. The prosecution proved the case through the testimony of a related witness (the deceased's brother, PW‑6), four eye‑wi…

The Supreme Court allowed appeals against the acquittal of A2 to A4 (Sasikala, Sudhakaran, Elavarasi) in a disproportionate assets case under the Prevention of Corruption Act, 1988. The trial court had convicted them for conspiracy and abetment with A1 (Jayalalitha, since deceased) in amassing assets worth Rs.66.65 cro…

The appellant Birju was convicted for the murder of a one‑year‑old child, shot with a pistol after the child’s grandfather refused to give him money for liquor. The trial court and the High Court sentenced him to death, invoking his extensive criminal record as an aggravating factor. On appeal, the Supreme Court examin…

The appellants challenged the registration of FIR No. 442 of 2012 on the ground that a second FIR cannot be filed for the same incident after an earlier FIR had been lodged. The Court examined the scope of the "principle of sameness" and held that while a second FIR on identical facts is prohibited, a counter‑FIR prese…

The case involved the murder and robbery of Premchand Jain and his family, for which three accused were initially convicted and sentenced to death. The High Court acquitted the accused, and the matter came before the Supreme Court on appeal by the complainant Ashish Jain and the State of Madhya Pradesh. The Court exami…

The appellants were convicted of murder (Sec. 302 IPC) for assaulting the deceased, Nripen Debnath, when his bullock cart entered the appellants' field. The Supreme Court examined the credibility of the eye‑witness PW‑3, the omission of certain details in the complaint, and the alleged political motive behind the prose…

Salman Salim Khan was convicted under Section 51 of the Wildlife (Protection) Act, 1972 and sentenced to five years' imprisonment. The Rajasthan High Court suspended his conviction, allowing him to travel abroad for his acting profession, but the UK denied his visa on the basis of the conviction. The State of Rajasthan…

The State of Uttar Pradesh appealed against the Allahabad High Court's acquittal of A‑1, who had been convicted by the trial court for kidnapping, wrongful confinement and rape of a minor girl. The girl, aged about 17 years, was abducted from her village, taken to a city, and forced to have sexual intercourse under thr…

The case arose from a complaint under Section 138 of the Negotiable Instruments Act. The accused obtained a High Court order under Section 482 CrPC allowing her to appear through counsel and the High Court issued sweeping directions to all criminal courts to dispense with personal attendance of accused in such cases an…

The appellant, a former Superintendent of Police, was implicated by a Special Judge for allegedly fabricating a false story that led to the recovery of opium and was issued a show‑cause notice under Section 58 of the NDPS Act. The Special Judge recorded adverse findings against her and other officers without giving the…

The appellant lodged an FIR alleging that his brother was murdered in Firozabad and that a separate FIR was falsely registered in Gwalior to provide an alibi for the main accused. The High Court quashed the criminal proceedings against several police officials, holding that sanction under Section 197 of the CrPC was re…

The case concerns the murder of a police officer for which two accused were acquitted by the trial court. The High Court reversed the acquittal and convicted them for life, relying on the testimony of police witnesses and a purported dying declaration. On appeal, the Supreme Court examined the scope of appellate review…

The Directorate of Revenue Intelligence seized over 1.37 lakh tablets from four locations in Chennai, alleging they were psychotropic substances. Accused A-1, A-2, A-3 and A-4 (Bharat Chaudhary) were arrested; A-4 was detained based solely on statements of A-1 and A-3 recorded under Section 67 of the NDPS Act. A specia…

The State of Rajasthan prosecuted Leela Ram for murder after he, along with two co‑accused, attacked the deceased with an axe, inflicting a fatal skull injury. The trial court convicted him under Sections 302, 341 and 323 IPC, but the Rajasthan High Court reduced the murder conviction to culpable homicide not amounting…

The Telecom Department of the erstwhile Telecom Department reported theft of copper and lead alloy moulds, which were seized from the first respondent, Surya Metals, and placed under interim custody of the appellant, Bharat Sanchar Nigam Limited (BSNL), under CrPC s.451. The criminal trial resulted in the acquittal of …

The State of Uttar Pradesh prosecuted Prem Bhujva, Raghuvir, Mehngu and Prem Yadav for the murder of Lallu Singh, alleging an ambush and shooting on 30 July 2003. The trial court, relying on two eye‑witnesses, recovery of a pistol from Prem Yadav and a ballistic report linking the weapon to cartridges found at the scen…

The wife, Archana Hardenia, committed suicide, leading to criminal proceedings under IPC sections 498‑A (cruelty) and 306 (abetment of suicide) against her husband Amrish Hardenia, his parents, brother and sister‑in‑law. The Sessions Judge discharged the four relatives (parents, brother, sister‑in‑law) on the ground th…

Kishan Chand was convicted under Section 18 of the NDNDPS Act for allegedly possessing 3.8 kg of opium recovered from his scooter after a police raid based on secret information. The appellant challenged the conviction, arguing that the police failed to comply with the mandatory requirements of Sections 42(1) and 42(2)…

The appellant, a ball‑picker at a university tennis court, was convicted under Sections 363 and 376(2)(f) IPC for raping an 11‑year‑old maid after luring her with the promise of bangles and taking her into a storeroom. The trial court had acquitted him, but the High Court reversed that judgment on the basis of eye‑witn…

Budhi Singh, the younger brother of Ganga Ram, was charged with murder after he struck his drunken brother on the head with a small axe (tobru) when their father was being assaulted. The trial court convicted him under Section 302 IPC and sentenced him to life imprisonment; the High Court affirmed. On appeal, the Supre…

The appellant was arrested after a raid on his house on 4 February 1994, during which poppy husk was seized and he was convicted under Section 15 of the NDPS Act. The sole issue raised was that the investigating officer failed to reduce the secret information to writing and report it to his superior officer as required…

The case concerned an FIR alleging terrorist activities against Irshad Ali and another accused, who claimed to be informers and were allegedly falsely implicated. The Delhi Special Cell filed a police report under Section 173(2) CrPC, after which the High Court ordered a CBI inquiry and later a closure report. The tria…

The appellant, Sandesh alias Sainath Kailash Abhang, entered a house pretending to be a mechanic, robbed valuables, brutally assaulted the elderly resident and a five‑month‑pregnant woman, inflicted numerous injuries, amputated fingers, and raped the pregnant woman before killing the elderly lady. He was found to be un…

The appellant Sahabuddin and his brother‑in‑law Sarifuddin were convicted for the murder of Sahabuddin's wife, Sajna Begum, based on circumstantial evidence and the testimony of several relatives who observed injuries on the deceased. The prosecution established a chain of events showing the victim's reluctance to retu…

The appellant Yanab Sheikh was convicted for murdering Samim Ali by throwing a bomb, under IPC s.302 and the Indian Explosives Act s.9(b)(ii). The prosecution’s case rested on eyewitness statements and forensic evidence. The appellant challenged the conviction on five grounds, chiefly that the police entry recorded as …

The case concerned whether a second FIR could be registered in relation to communal violence in Gorakhpur and whether the accused was entitled to a hearing before such registration. The appellant, Anju Chaudhary, challenged a High Court order directing the magistrate to register a new FIR under Section 156(3) CrPC, arg…

Ashok Kumar filed a civil suit for a temporary injunction against Mona Sharma, seeking peaceful possession of a disputed land. While the suit was pending, Mona Sharma filed an application under Section 145 of the CrPC, leading the Sub‑Divisional Magistrate (SOM) to attach the property under Section 146(1) on the ground…

Haradhan Das was convicted for murder under Section 302 read with Section 149 of the IPC for a dacoity in which the deceased Barindra Nath Mukherjee was killed. The trial court had acquitted three co‑accused on the ground of non‑identification, but the Supreme Court held that the prosecution proved its case against the…

The case arose from an FIR under IPC sections 363 and 366 and POCSO Act sections 3 and 4 alleging that a 14‑year‑old girl was abducted and sexually assaulted by Natuji Thakor. The victim’s later statements mentioned three other persons – Labhuji, Shashikant and Jituji – who were present in the vehicle used for the alle…

The State of Uttarakhand appealed a High Court order acquitting Jairnail Singh of charges under IPC s.307 (attempt to murder) and Arms Act s.25(1‑A). The Session Court had convicted Singh, but the High Court set aside the conviction, citing material infirmities such as the failure to forensic‑test the recovered pistol,…

The appellant was charged with murder, attempt to rape and related offences after the deceased was found dead in a pool of blood. The trial court acquitted him, finding the prosecution's key witness (PW1) unreliable and noting the non‑examination of material witnesses and the absence of a fingerprint report. The High C…

The appellant Subramanya was charged with murdering Kamalamma along with co‑accused Gowri and Seetharam Bhat. The trial court acquitted all three, but the Karnataka High Court convicted Subramanya under IPC s.302 and sentenced him to life imprisonment, relying on an extra‑judicial confession by Seetharam, motive, and d…

The appellant, Md. Anowar Hussain, was convicted by the Sessions Court and the Gauhati High Court for murdering his wife, Samina Begum, based on circumstantial evidence and a post‑mortem report showing asphyxia due to throttling. The appellant claimed the victim died of an illness in hospital and that he had left home …

The appellant Ramanand (alias Nandlal Bharti) was convicted and sentenced to death for allegedly murdering his wife and four children, based largely on circumstantial evidence comprising a discovery statement of the murder weapon, extra‑judicial confessions to two witnesses, alleged motive stemming from an extramarital…

Senior IPS officer Sanjiv Rajendra Bhatt filed writ petitions under Article 32 seeking transfer of investigations into two criminal cases to the CBI or a fresh Special Investigation Team (SIT), alleging that he was present at a 2002 Gujarat meeting, that the Court‑appointed SIT leaked confidential material, and that hi…

The respondent was convicted under Sections 363, 366A and 376 of the IPC and sentenced to rigorous imprisonment. On appeal before the Rajasthan High Court, his counsel only sought a direction that the State Government exercise its power under Section 433 of the CrPC to commute the sentence, and the public prosecutor di…

The appellant, a three‑time Chief Minister of Delhi, was arrested by the CBI in June 2024 in connection with an FIR registered in August 2022 under sections 120B, 477A IPC and section 7 PC Act. He challenged the legality of the arrest under Sections 41A and 41(1)(b)(ii) of the CrPC and also sought regular bail. The Hig…

The Supreme Court examined the appropriate procedure for police to conduct media briefings during ongoing criminal investigations, balancing the public’s right to information under Article 19(1)(a) with the accused’s presumption of innocence and victims’ privacy under Article 21. An amicus curiae was appointed who coll…

The appellant, Rupesh Manger, was charged with murdering his grandfather using a sharp-edged weapon. He pleaded insanity, and the trial court, after considering psychiatric reports indicating acute psychotic disorder and abnormal behavior at the time of the offence, acquitted him under Section 84 of the IPC. The High C…

The wife of a deceased driver filed an FIR alleging that her husband was murdered by his employer, the appellant, with the help of friends. Based on her deposition, the prosecution invoked Section 319 of the Code of Criminal Procedure to summon the appellant, and the Sessions Judge ordered the summons, a decision uphel…

The case arose from the loss of two pistols during a T‑90 tank conversion exercise of the 71 Armoured Regiment at Pokhran. The accused soldiers, Neeraj Kumar Dhaka and Sandeep Kumar, were convicted by a District Court Martial for theft and sentenced to rigorous imprisonment and dismissal. The Armed Forces Tribunal (AFT…

The appellant Abdul Wahab K. challenged the order of a Chief Judicial Magistrate (CJM) that allowed the Public Prosecutor to withdraw prosecution under Sections 195A and 506 IPC, on the ground that the CJM had not applied the proper test under Section 321 of the CrPC. The petitioners, third parties, filed revision peti…

The Supreme Court examined a criminal case where the Public Prosecutor sought to withdraw prosecution under Sections 195A and 506 IPC, and the Chief Judicial Magistrate allowed the withdrawal. The order was challenged by the accused through revision petitions filed by third‑party petitioners, which the Kerala High Cour…

The appellant, a cardiologist, was charged under Section 304A IPC for the death of a patient after an unsuccessful angioplasty and subsequent bypass surgery. The police investigation concluded there was no evidence, but the magistrate proceeded with the case, and the High Court refused to quash the proceedings, citing …

The appellant, Sumit Mehta, was charged under IPC sections 420, 467, 468 and 471 and the Delhi High Court granted him anticipatory bail on the condition that he deposit a fixed deposit of Rs 1 crore in the complainant's name. Mehta appealed to the Supreme Court, contending that the condition was unreasonable, unrelated…

Manjit Singh and Paramjit Singh were convicted for the murder of Jagmohan Singh and the attempted murder of Amarjot Singh after a gang fired on a tractor following a political dispute. The appellants challenged the convictions on five grounds, chiefly that two material witnesses were not examined, that the maxim falsus…

The accused, MD Hussain, was charged with offences under the Maharashtra Control of Organised Crime Act, the Unlawful Activities (Prevention) Act and other statutes, and the investigation was taken over by the National Investigation Agency (NIA). He filed a bail application before a single judge of the Bombay High Cour…

The Supreme Court examined whether a complaint under Section 138 of the Negotiable Instruments Act can be filed and verified by a power of attorney holder on behalf of the payee or holder in due course. The appellant, a company director, challenged the issuance of process based on complaints filed by a power of attorne…

The appellant, Ashwani Kumar Saxena, was convicted of murder under IPC s.302 r.w. s.27 Arms Act and appealed, claiming he was a juvenile at the time of the offence (19‑Oct‑2008). He produced school mark‑sheets and the school admission register showing a birth date of 24‑Oct‑1990, while the trial court relied on ossific…

The State of Rajasthan prosecuted fifteen persons for murder and kidnapping under Sections 302, 364 read with Section 34 IPC, alleging a land‑related dispute and a group assault on the deceased. Four eye‑witnesses, including a relative of the victim, identified the accused, while two of those witnesses turned hostile. …

The appellant Gajoo, the brother‑in‑law of the deceased Taradevi, was convicted of murder under Section 302 IPC for allegedly assaulting the victim with a daranti and strangling her while her elder son held her down. The appellant challenged the conviction on grounds that the eye‑witnesses were relatives and thus unrel…

The appellant, the son of a woman who committed suicide, challenged the High Court's order quashing the charge of abetment of suicide (IPC s.306) framed against the accused property dealer. The Supreme Court examined whether the High Court had correctly exercised its revisional (s.397) and inherent (s.482) powers of th…

The case involved the murder of Kirori, where Mahesh and Kanhaiyalal were initially acquitted by the trial court but later convicted by the High Court under Section 302 read with Section 34 of the IPC. The appellants argued that the FIR did not mention their role, that eyewitness statements were recorded after an eight…

Ajitsingh Harnamsingh Gujral was convicted of murdering his wife and three children by dousing them with petrol and setting them alight. The trial court and the Bombay High Court sentenced him to death. On appeal, the Supreme Court examined the circumstantial evidence, including the accused's last sighting with the vic…

The appellant, Santosh Kumari, widow of a murder victim, challenged the High Court's orders that set aside the trial court's charge and granted interim bail to the accused. The Supreme Court examined whether the charge, which listed only the relevant sections of the Ranbir Penal Code without a specific offence name, co…

The case involved a double murder where the deceased Irappa and his brother Kenchappa were killed after confronting Sangappa (A‑1) over an earlier assault on their son. The trial court acquitted all seven accused, but the Karnataka High Court convicted three of them (A‑1, A‑2, A‑4) under section 302 IPC read with secti…

The appellant, the widow of a deceased clerk who worked in the Passport Office, challenged the conviction of her husband under Sections 7, 13(1)(d) and 13(2) of the Prevention of Corruption Act, 1988. The prosecution alleged that the accused demanded an extra Rs.200 over the lawful passport fee of Rs.1,000 and that the…

The appellant, a chit‑fund company, advanced loans totalling Rs 21,09,000 to the respondent over several years. To partly discharge the debt, the respondent issued a cheque for Rs 19,00,000 which was returned marked ‘Account Closed’, leading to a complaint under Section 138 of the Negotiable Instruments Act. The trial …

The appellant, James Kunjwal, was accused of offences under Sections 376 and 504 IPC and was granted bail by the High Court. The complainant sought cancellation of bail, alleging that Kunjwal had filed a false affidavit contradicting her statements. The High Court, finding the affidavit intentionally false, directed th…

Kaptan Singh, acting as power of attorney for Munni Devi, filed a complaint alleging assault and other offences arising from a disputed sale of a plot. An FIR was registered, investigated, and a charge‑sheet was filed for offences under Sections 147, 148, 149, 406, 329 and 386 IPC. The accused filed a petition under Se…

The State of Kerala appealed against the Kerala High Court’s order quashing an FIR that alleged offences under Sections 182, 194, 195, 195A and 306 of the IPC based on a suicide note left by the deceased, a senior investigating officer. The Supreme Court examined whether the suicide note established a prima facie case …

An FIR under Section 364 IPC was lodged against the appellants. The police investigation concluded that no case was made out and submitted a final report under Section 173 CrPC, which the magistrate accepted. Despite accepting the negative report, the magistrate also ordered the case to proceed as a complaint, recorded…

The complainant filed a criminal complaint under sections 498‑A, 406, 341, 323 and 120‑B IPC and sections 3 and 4 of the Dowry Prohibition Act against her husband and his immediate relatives, including the married sister‑in‑law (Preeti Gupta) and the unmarried brother‑in‑law (Gaurav Poddar). The trial court issued summ…

The appellant's son was driving a Maruti Alto that collided with a gas tanker lorry, killing him and five passengers. The police filed an FIR under IPC sections 279 and 304A, but the charges against the son abated due to his death. After a further investigation, the police submitted a final report stating the accident …

The case concerns a 16‑year‑old accused (Bholu) of murder, whose preliminary assessment under Section 15 of the Juvenile Justice (Care and Protection of Children) Act, 2015 was held by the Juvenile Justice Board to warrant trial as an adult. The Board relied on a psychologist’s IQ report and a Social Investigation Repo…

The Sandur Gram Panchayat and its chief officer were convicted under Sections 43 and 44 of the Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1974. The Additional Sessions Judge set aside the conviction, holding that the chief officer, as a public servant, was protected by Section 197 of the Code of Criminal Procedur…

The Supreme Court upheld its earlier order that any prayer for stay or to impede the progress of investigations or trials in the coal block allocation cases must be made only before the Supreme Court, thereby limiting the High Court's jurisdiction under Articles 226 and 227. The Court held that this restriction is perm…

Vijay Mallya, Chairman of United Breweries Ltd., was summoned under Section 40 of the Foreign Exchange Regulation Act, 1973 (FERA) to appear before the Enforcement Directorate regarding alleged violations of foreign exchange rules in a Benetton advertising agreement. He failed to appear on several summons, leading to a…

The accused Mustkeem, Nandu and Arun were convicted for the murder of Ram Pal Yadav under IPC s.302/34 and the Arms Act based largely on circumstantial evidence, hostile eyewitnesses, and weapons recovered after the accused’s disclosure. The Supreme Court found that key witnesses had turned hostile, statements were ret…

The State of Uttar Pradesh appealed against the Allahabad High Court’s acquittal of two accused (Mohd Iqram and another) in the murder of Rashmi. Police, on routine patrol, heard shrieks, saw three persons scaling a wall, apprehended two, and were led to the victim who later died of strangulation. The trial court convi…

The appellant was convicted under Sections 302 and 323 of the IPC and Sections 3(2)(v) and 3(1)(x) of the SC/ST Act for allegedly killing Shiva Shankar after a dispute arising from an elopement involving the appellant's sister. The prosecution's case relied mainly on the testimony of the victim's mother (an interested …

The appellants were convicted for murder, attempted murder and related offences under Sections 147, 148, 149, 302 and 307 of the IPC based on the testimony of several injured eyewitnesses. The eyewitnesses either knew some of the accused before the incident or did not, but none of them positively identified the accused…

The appellant, a deliveryman, complained that gold bars received in exchange for gold chains were counterfeit, leading the police to freeze the accused's bank accounts. The police reported the seizure to the jurisdictional magistrate only after a delay, and the Madras High Court ordered de‑freezing on the ground that t…

The appellant, Veerendra, a cousin of the victim’s mother, was found to have raped and strangled to death an eight‑year‑old girl, the daughter of his cousin sister. While in police custody he disclosed the location of the body, which was recovered from a dilapidated building. Post‑mortem and forensic reports confirmed …

The case concerned an appeal by Meena Devi, the wife of a murder victim, against the Allahabad High Court’s order granting bail to the convicted accused, Shivraj Singh alias Lalla Babu, under Section 439 of the Cr.P.C. The Supreme Court examined whether the High Court had exercised its discretionary power judiciously, …

The State, represented by the CBI, appealed against a High Court order that struck down a tender of pardon granted by a Metropolitan Magistrate to five approvers in a corruption case triable by a Special Judge. The prosecution had filed a charge‑sheet before the Magistrate and obtained a pardon under Section 306 of the…

The Supreme Court examined a batch of writ petitions challenging the constitutional validity of Sections 499 and 500 of the Indian Penal Code (criminal defamation) and Section 199 of the Code of Criminal Procedure. The petitioners argued that criminal defamation infringes the freedom of speech guaranteed under Article …

The Supreme Court examined the appeal of several police officers who had been granted bail by a Sessions Court in a murder case involving a alleged fake police encounter and contract killing. The prosecution alleged that the accused police abducted and murdered the victim, fabricated an encounter, and acted as contract…

The mother, Ruchi Majoo, filed a petition under the Guardians and Wards Act, 1890 seeking interim custody of her 11‑year‑old son who had been residing in Delhi for three years, while the father, Sanjeev Majoo, contested jurisdiction, claiming the child’s ordinary residence was in the United States and invoking the prin…

A criminal complaint under Section 420 read with Section 120‑B IPC was filed by the father of the respondent alleging that the petitioner, S.P. Gupta, as the attorney of accused No.1, misrepresented the ownership of a property, assuring it was free of encumbrances and that accused No.1 was the sole owner. The trial cou…

The former Jharkhand minister Anosh Ekka was convicted in two separate cases arising from the same set of allegations of acquiring disproportionate assets and misusing his office. The High Court rejected his application for suspension of sentence and bail during the pendency of the appeal, prompting a special leave pet…

The appellant, a wife, filed an application under Section 12 of the Protection of Women from Domestic Violence Act, 2005 in 2018 seeking protection under Sections 17 and 18. The respondent husband filed a petition under Section 482 of the CrPC to quash the proceedings, arguing that the application was barred by limitat…

M/s Neeharika Infrastructure Pvt Ltd lodged an FIR alleging forgery and fraud against three respondents under several IPC sections. The respondents filed a petition under Article 226 and Section 482 of the CrPC seeking quashment of the FIR and obtained a blanket interim order from the Bombay High Court directing the po…

The accused, a Patwari, was alleged to have demanded a bribe of Rs.2,800 for issuing a domicile/OBC certificate, as recorded in a telephone transcript. The Special Judge, after hearing the prosecution, found a prima facie case under Section 7 of the Prevention of Corruption Act, 1988 and framed a charge. The High Court…

K.K. Mishra, a Congress spokesperson, allegedly made three statements about the Chief Minister of Madhya Pradesh during a press conference. The State Government sanctioned the public prosecutor to file a complaint under Section 199(2) of the CrPC on the same day, leading to Mishra's conviction under Section 500 IPC for…

The case involved a violent incident in which two persons were killed and an injured witness (PW.5) was assaulted; the trial court acquitted 19 accused, finding inconsistencies in eyewitness testimony and doubting medical evidence. The State appealed, and the High Court convicted the surviving accused, relying on the i…

The appellant Ganga Dhar Kalita was accused of forging signatures of three persons, including a minor, to execute a power of attorney for the sale of land, leading to an FIR under several IPC sections. The appellant filed a petition under Section 482 of the Code of Criminal Procedure seeking quash of the criminal proce…

The Inspector of Police filed a criminal appeal after the High Court quashed proceedings against several Sub‑Registrars on the ground that no sanction under Section 197 of the Code of Criminal Procedure (CrPC) had been obtained. The respondents were alleged to have conspired with stamp vendors and fabricated records to…

Rallis India Ltd. filed criminal complaints under Sections 138 and 141 of the Negotiable Instruments Act alleging that a partnership firm and its partners had issued dishonoured cheques. The complaint specifically stated that the respondents were partners who managed the day‑to‑day affairs of the firm, making their lia…

The Supreme Court examined appeals by six accused who had been acquitted by the trial court but later convicted by the High Court for murder, attempted murder and offences under sections 149 and 34 of the IPC. The trial court had found the prosecution's evidence unreliable, noting the darkness of the night, lack of tor…

The victim, Jyoti Sharma, an employee of Central Bank, alleged repeated harassment by Deepak Bhamawat, including a fraudulent loan taken in her name, termination from her job, and eviction from her residence. She committed suicide by consuming poison and, in her dying declaration, blamed Deepak for her harassment. The …

The appellants, owners of agricultural land, entered into an agreement to sell the land to the respondent and issued two post‑dated cheques for the balance consideration. Both cheques were returned unpaid for insufficient funds, prompting the appellants to issue legal notices and file complaints under Section 138 of th…

The appellant was accused of murdering his wife after she resisted repeated dowry demands for a television, fridge and cooler, which were accompanied by beatings and harassment. The trial court acquitted the accused, citing a 51‑hour delay in filing the FIR and inconsistencies in the witnesses' statements. On appeal, t…

The appellants were convicted under Section 3 read with Section 7 of the Essential Commodities Act, 1955 for allegedly possessing and diverting government‑quota cement in 1994. The prosecution relied on the Maharashtra Cement (Licensing and Control) Order, 1973 and the Cement Control Order, 1967, but the Supreme Court …

The appellant, a bank manager, was convicted of murdering his two minor children, his sister‑in‑law and mother‑in‑law in June 2010, motivated by his disapproval of his sister‑in‑law’s relationship. The trial court sentenced him to death, a judgment affirmed by the Karnataka High Court. On appeal, the Supreme Court exam…

The appellant was arrested in March 2020 after his vehicle was intercepted and items allegedly linked to Naxalite activities were recovered. He has been in judicial custody for five years, with the trial still ongoing and only 42 of the planned 100 witnesses examined, some of whom have turned hostile. The central issue…

The appellant Vinod @ Nasmulla was convicted under IPC sections 395 and 397 and Arms Act section 25 for a dacoity involving a bus robbery on 28 September 1993. The prosecution's case rested on a dock identification by a police constable (PW‑9) and the alleged recovery of a country‑made pistol at the time of his arrest,…

The Supreme Court reviewed the compliance report filed by an amicus curiae regarding the implementation of its earlier directions in Satender Kumar Antil v. CBI. It examined whether States, Union Territories, the CBI, and High Courts had adhered to specific directives concerning Sections 41, 41A, 438, 440, 88, 170, 204…

The Enforcement Directorate (ED) investigated money‑laundering offences arising from three FIRs and an ECIR filed against India Bulls Housing Finance Ltd (IHFL) and its officers after the financial institution recovered dues from defaulting borrowers under the SARFAESI Act. The borrowers challenged the FIRs and the ECI…

The appellants were admitted to MBBS courses in Madhya Pradesh through a systematic fraud involving computer manipulation, roll‑number tampering and assistance from meritorious candidates. Vyapam cancelled their admissions, a decision upheld by the High Court and earlier by this Court. The appellants sought relief unde…

The State of Madhya Pradesh appealed a High Court order that reduced the imprisonment of Mehtaab, convicted under IPC sections 304A (causing death by negligence) and 337 (causing hurt), from one year and three months to merely ten days, the period already served. The incident involved Mehtaab laying a naked high‑voltag…

The petitioners, a former minister and MLA, were arrested for alleged misappropriation of funds and charged under several IPC and Prevention of Corruption Act provisions. Although the charge‑sheet and a supplementary charge‑sheet were filed within the 90‑day period prescribed by Section 167(2) of the CrPC, the prosecut…