D Y CHANDRACHUD

Riya George, a medical student, paid Rs 21.65 lakh for admission to Kannur Medical College, which was later cancelled by the Admission Supervisory Committee (ASC) for non‑compliance with regulations. She received Rs 20 lakh as a partial refund but claimed the remaining Rs 1.65 lakh and damages for the loss of one acade…

The appellant was allotted a commercial booth in an open auction in 1996 for Rs.7,55,000 and paid only 25% of the consideration. He failed to pay the balance despite multiple notices, leading the Haryana Urban Development Authority (HUDA) to issue a resumption order in 2001. Although the resumption order was initially …

The appellants, a group of environmental NGOs and affected residents, filed Original Application No. 81 of 2014 before the National Green Tribunal (NGT) seeking an end to the dumping of unsegregated municipal solid waste at an open landfill in Surat, Gujarat, and claiming compensation and restitution. The Western Zone …

The developer, IREO Private Limited, was sued by apartment buyers for failing to hand over possession of their flats within the contractual period and for not providing promised amenities. The buyers sought specific performance and, alternatively, a refund of the amount paid with interest. The NCDRC ordered a refund wi…

Mushtt Rehana Begum (appellant) sought to quash a criminal complaint filed by her husband (second respondent) under Sections 494 and 495 of the IPC, alleging that she married him while a prior marriage subsisted. The dispute over her matrimonial status had already been adjudicated by the Principal Judge of the Family C…

The appellant, Dr Nallapareddy Sridhar Reddy, was originally charged under Section 498A IPC and the Dowry Prohibition Act. After the trial had proceeded, the public prosecutor filed an application under Section 216 of the CrPC to add charges of cheating (IPC ss. 406 and 420) based on an additional charge‑sheet filed in…

Chandra Mohan Varma, a Professor of Cardiology in a Uttar Pradesh government medical college, retired on attaining the age of 60 on 13 August 2014. He was granted a ‘session ending benefit’ extending his service until 30 June 2015 under a Government Order dated 19 November 2012. While he was on this extension, the Stat…

The rice mill suffered a boiler collapse after a lorry allegedly collided with it, and the insurer, New India Assurance, repudiated the claim, citing overload as the cause. The insurer appointed a preliminary surveyor, a structural expert, an investigator, and a final IRDA‑licensed surveyor, all of whom concluded the c…

Respondent No.1, a long‑serving coach in the Rajasthan State Sports Council, challenged the promotion of another employee to the post of Sports Officer for vacancies that arose in 2003‑2004, arguing that the seniority‑cum‑merit criteria introduced by the 2006 Service Rules should not be applied retroactively. The High …

Reliance Infrastructure Ltd (RInfra) challenged Regulation 44.2(d) of the MERC (Multi Year Tariff) Regulations, 2011, which imposed a stricter Station Heat Rate (SHR) on its Dahanu thermal power station than on other units. RInfra filed a writ petition under Article 226 of the Constitution while an appeal against MERC’…

Anil Kumar, an administrative staff member of CSIR, claimed financial upgradation and promotion but was denied because his Annual Confidential Reports (ACRs) for certain years were below the required benchmark. He argued that CSIR’s failure to communicate those ACR entries violated the Department of Personnel and Train…

A suit for permanent injunction was filed by the representative of Murti Bhawani Mata Mandir claiming possession of disputed agricultural land, but the trial court dismissed the suit for lack of proof of possession. Subsequent appeals were also dismissed. The defendant then filed an application under Section 144 of the…

The State of Maharashtra issued a brochure on 21 September 2022 for postgraduate medical admissions, reserving 50% of the state quota for in‑service candidates and stating that any future government changes would apply. On 26 September 2022 it issued a resolution reserving 20% of the state‑quota seats for in‑service do…

The petitioners, former Short Service Commission officers of the Indian Navy, challenged the denial of Permanent Commission (PC) before the Armed Forces Tribunal (AFT). The AFT relied on vacancy calculations and selection board records that were submitted to it in a sealed cover and were not disclosed to the petitioner…

The respondent, convicted of multiple serious offences including rape and assault, applied for furlough under the Bombay Furlough and Parole Rules. The Director General of Police (DGP) rejected the application, citing the respondent's criminal conduct, threats to witnesses, illegal activities in jail, and the risk to p…

An FIR was lodged on 14 July 2016 alleging that the accused had links with ISIS and were planning bombings under the UAPA. The Anti‑Terrorism Squad (ATS) of Nanded began investigation, arrested four persons and, on 8 September 2016, the Central Government directed the National Investigation Agency (NIA) Mumbai to take …

The Supreme Court entertained a miscellaneous application filed under Article 226 for correction of typographical errors in its earlier judgment dated 24 September 2021 in M/s Magadh Sugar & Energy Ltd. v. State of Bihar. The application sought to amend the monetary figures erroneously recorded as Rs 56 crores and Rs 6…

OPG Power Generation (the appellant) and its holding company Gita Power were sued by Enexio Power Cooling Solutions for unpaid amounts under supply and erection orders for an air‑cooled condenser unit. The arbitral tribunal held that Gita Power, as the holding company, was bound by the arbitration agreement and jointly…

The AMP Group and the JRS Group entered into a Family Arrangement Agreement (FAA) containing an arbitration clause, and later sought to appoint a sole arbitrator under Section 11(6) of the Arbitration and Conciliation Act, 1996. The petition raised two questions: the scope of the referral court’s jurisdiction after the…

The appellant, a Jharkhand MLA, was charged with accepting a bribe to vote for a candidate in a Rajya Sabha election, but she did not cast the alleged bribe‑influenced vote. She sought quashing of the criminal proceedings on the ground of immunity under Article 194(2) of the Constitution. The High Court rejected the pl…

The Supreme Court, hearing a suo motu writ petition concerning the murder and alleged rape of a 31‑year‑old trainee doctor at R.G. Kar Medical College Hospital, Kolkata, observed that the incident and subsequent mob vandalism highlighted systemic failures in ensuring safety for medical professionals. The Court noted th…

The dispute concerned the nomination of four members to the Board of the Nanded Sikh Gurudwara under clause viii of Section 6(1) of the Nanded Sikh Gurudwara Sachkhand Shri Hazuri Apchalnagar Sahib Act, 1956. The State Government issued a notification on 21 June 2019 appointing four persons, which was challenged by mem…

The Government of the National Capital Territory of Delhi challenged the constitutional validity of the Government of National Capital Territory of Delhi (Amendment) Ordinance, 2023, which inserted Section 3A into the GNCTD Act, 1991 and altered the distribution of legislative and executive powers over Entry 41 of List…

The Supreme Court examined a writ petition filed by Mohammed Zubair, co‑founder of ALT News, who faced five FIRs in Uttar Pradesh and one in Delhi arising from the same set of tweets. The petitioner sought quashing of the FIRs and, alternatively, their consolidation with the Delhi FIR, along with interim bail in all ca…

The trial court acquitted five accused persons of offences under Sections 302 read with 149, 304B and 498A of the IPC and Sections 3 and 4 of the Dowry Prohibition Act. The informant filed a criminal miscellaneous application under Section 378 of the Code of Criminal Procedure seeking leave to appeal the acquittal. The…

The complainant, brother of the deceased Sumer Singh, challenged the High Court's grant of bail to three accused (Kamlesh, Arif and Bhojraj Singh) who were alleged to have participated in an unlawful assembly that brutally murdered Sumer Singh and injured his brother Vikram Singh, causing 26 and 11 injuries respectivel…

The plaintiff filed a suit for injunction and declaration concerning a property, but the trial court rejected the plaint under Order 7 Rule 11(d) of the CPC, deeming it barred by law, and then directed the plaintiff to amend the plaint and pay court fees within 15 days. The plaintiff challenged this direction by filing…

The appellant, a former employee of Hindustan Copper Ltd., challenged the employer’s order that treated his date of birth as 21‑September‑1945 instead of the 21‑September‑1949 recorded in his service book and other documents. The discrepancy affected the calculation of his Voluntary Retirement Scheme (VRS) benefits, wh…

M/s Radha Krishan Industries challenged two orders of provisional attachment of its receivables issued by the Joint Commissioner under Section 83 of the Himachal Pradesh Goods and Service Tax Act, 2017, alleging that the orders were ultra vires, lacked a requisite opinion based on tangible material, and violated Rule 1…

The Supreme Court examined six bail orders granted by the Gujarat High Court to accused involved in a violent incident that resulted in five homicides. The Court held that the High Court failed to consider the seriousness and gravity of the offences, the role of each accused, and the material evidence contained in the …

Kuldeep Kumar contested the mayoral election of the Chandigarh Municipal Corporation held on 30 January 2024. The presiding officer, Anil Masih, declared the BJP candidate Manoj Kumar Sonkar elected, treating eight ballots cast for the appellant as invalid after marking them with an ink line. Video evidence and physica…

The petitioners challenged the Government's notification dated 29 July 2021 granting 27% reservation for OBC (non‑creamy layer) and 10% reservation for Economically Weaker Sections (EWS) in the All‑India Quota (AIQ) seats for undergraduate and postgraduate medical and dental courses under NEET. The Court examined wheth…

The appellants (Shenbagam & Ors.) entered into a 1990 agreement to sell land to the respondent (KK Rathinavel) for Rs.1,25,000, with an advance of Rs.25,000 and a further Rs.10,000 for family expenses. The respondent failed to pay the balance within six months, the sellers rescinded the contract, and the respondent lat…

The Employees’ State Insurance Corporation (ESIC) appealed against a Karnataka High Court order that had upheld promotions of its teaching staff under the Dynamic Assured Career Progression (DACP) Scheme. The respondents, who joined ESIC as Assistant Professors between February 2014 and June 2016, claimed promotion to …

The appellant university conducted a mop‑up counselling round for MBBS seats after two earlier rounds, during which it upgraded three Himachali students from management to state quota under clause 4 of its prospectus. The first respondent, Akriti Sharma, who had a higher NEET‑UG 2021 merit, was denied a state‑quota sea…

The appellant, Ganesh Ramchandra Jadhav, intervened in a writ proceeding concerning the sale of a 2.48‑hectare parcel owned by the charitable trust Govardhan Sanstha (Regd) Wai, Pune. The trust had invited bids in 2015; the second respondent was initially accepted with a low offer, which the Charity Commissioner later …

Following the bifurcation of Bihar and Jharkhand in 2000, Dr. Chaitraya Kumar Singh, an Ayurvedic Medical Officer, was initially allocated to Jharkhand. In 2010, with the consent of both states, he was re‑allocated to Bihar, but Jharkhand failed to relieve him, so he continued to serve there until his superannuation on…

The State of Tripura, following a High Court directive, reconstituted a society to manage the Tripura Medical College, giving the society its own recruitment rules and a mixed composition of government and non‑government members. Dr. Ashok Sinha filed a public‑interest litigation challenging the college’s admission pro…

BEST issued a tender for 1,400 electric buses with a mandatory technical requirement that the buses must travel 200 km on a single charge in actual conditions with 80% state of charge. Tata Motors submitted a bid guaranteeing the range only under standard test conditions (AIS 040), which the High Court held to be a mat…

The Ministry of Home Affairs floated a tender for the supply of Glock pistols, which was awarded to Glock Asia‑Pacific Ltd. The tender’s conditions stipulated that any dispute be referred to a sole arbitrator appointed by the Secretary of the Ministry of Home Affairs, specifically an officer of the Ministry of Law. The…

The Supreme Court examined the recommendations of the Second National Judicial Pay Commission (SNJPC) concerning pay, pension, gratuity, retirement age and related service conditions for the district judiciary. The petitioners, All India Judges Association, sought uniform designations, a pay matrix with a 2.81 multipli…

The Supreme Court examined a batch of appeals concerning whether electricity arrears of a previous owner can be recovered from a subsequent owner who acquired the premises through auction or other transfers. It held that the duty of a distribution licensee to supply electricity under Section 43 of the Electricity Act, …

The appeal concerned an award of a Permanent Lok Adalat (PLA) that had granted Canara Bank repayment of a loan from G S Jayarama without any recorded conciliation. The High Court had set aside the award, holding that the PLA lacked adjudicatory power and had bypassed mandatory conciliation steps. The Supreme Court exam…

The Supreme Court examined whether the GST Council’s recommendations are binding on Parliament and the States, and whether the import of goods on a CIF basis creates an inter‑state supply that makes the Indian importer the deemed recipient of shipping services. It held that the Council’s recommendations are merely pers…

The appellant sought a compassionate appointment after his father, a government employee, died while in service on 16 June 2004. The father had applied for retirement on medical grounds before his death, but the retirement was approved only after his death, with effect from an earlier date. The State rejected the appel…

The petitioners, a prominent journalist and media owner, challenged fourteen FIRs and complaints filed in various states arising from a single television broadcast on 21 April 2020, alleging that the FIRs violated their freedom of speech under Article 19(1)(a). The Supreme Court examined whether multiple FIRs on the sa…

The appellant, the idol of Sri Renganathaswamy, challenged a suit filed by the Anandhana Trust seeking civil‑court permission to sell a portion of a property that had been endowed for charitable activities associated with the deity. The central question was whether the 1901 Deed of Settlement created a ‘specific endowm…

The appeal concerned a dispute over a courtyard shared by two brothers, Beni Prasad (BP) and Kirorilal, who were joint owners of the amenity. Kirorilal sold his share to Devicharan (DC), who also claimed a right of pre-emption under the Rajasthan Pre-emption Act, 1966. The central issue was whether BP's pre-emption rig…

The State of Odisha granted a 90‑year lease of a plot in 1981. In 2003 it issued a policy allowing conversion of such leasehold plots to freehold, subject to the condition that the lessee must not be encroaching on any government land. The respondent applied for conversion on 15 September 2003, but the revenue officer …

The principal of DAV Public School complained that the school’s three bank accounts were improperly linked to his personal net‑banking Customer Information File, enabling fraudsters to siphon Rs 30 lakh. The State Consumer Commission, Banking Ombudsman and NCDRC found the bank at fault but limited compensation to Rs 1 …

Khaja Bilal Ahmed was detained under the Telangana Prevention of Dangerous Activities Act, 1986 on 25 October 2018, with the order citing fourteen prior criminal cases from 2007‑2016 as his antecedent background. The appellant challenged the detention, arguing that the cited cases were stale, irrelevant, and that there…

In a miscellaneous application (No. 1770 of 2021) arising from Civil Appeal No. 5970 of 2021, the appellant sought correction of a clerical error in the Supreme Court's judgment dated 24 September 2021. The specific error was the reference to "Collector of Stamps, Mumbai" in paragraph 32, which was deemed inaccurate. T…

The petitioners, a trade union and former employees of Hindustan Zinc Ltd (HZL), challenged the Union Government's plan to sell its remaining 29.54% stake in HZL, arguing that the Nationalisation Act, 1976 required a parliamentary amendment for any such disinvestment. The Court examined whether the earlier decision in …

The appellant alleged that respondent No.2, Nishant Solanki, who was charged with serious offences including murder, was not a juvenile and challenged the Juvenile Justice Board's (JJ Board) declaration that he was a juvenile delinquent based on his matriculation certificate. The appellant argued that the admission for…

The case concerned Jawaharlic​h Nehru Technological University (JNTU) seeking a State Government No‑Objection Certificate (NOC) before granting affiliation to new courses in institutions that already had All India Council for Technical Education (AICTE) approval. The Telangana High Court, relying on the view that AICTE…

The case concerned an appeal by SEBI against an order of the Securities Appellate Tribunal that set aside an ex‑parte interim order passed by SEBI’s Whole Time Member directing the respondent, the CEO and MD of Dynamatic Technologies Ltd, to deposit Rs 3.83 crore in an escrow account. SEBI alleged that the respondent h…

The Airports Economic Regulatory Authority of India (AERA) determined tariffs for aeronautical services, which were challenged before the Telecom Disputes Settlement and Appellate Tribunal (TDSAT). AERA then filed appeals under Section 31 of the Airports Economic Regulatory Authority Act, 2008, seeking to contest TDSAT…

The Society for Enlightenment and Voluntary Action, an NGO, filed a writ petition under Article 32 seeking comprehensive guidelines for the effective implementation of the Prohibition of Child Marriage Act, 2006 (PCMA), including the appointment of exclusive Child Marriage Prohibition Officers (CMPOs) and support mecha…

The Supreme Court, in a review petition filed by the Union of India, examined its earlier 2022 judgment that declared certain provisions of the Prohibition of Benami Property Transactions Act, 1988 and its 2016 amendment unconstitutional. The Court observed that the original appeal did not contain any challenge to the …

BHEL awarded a contract for an ash‑handling plant at the Yadadri Thermal Power Station to BTL EPC Ltd. BTL’s bid relied on a consortium‑type agreement with the Chinese firm Fujian Longking, which was not registered with the competent authority as required by the Public Procurement Order for entities from countries shar…

The appellant, a General Manager of BGS Apollo Hospital, appealed a High Court order that had taken cognizance of a complaint filed by former consultant neurosurgeon M.N.G. Bharateesh Reddy under Sections 120A, 405, 415, 420, 499 and 500 IPC. The complaint alleged that the hospital’s billing irregularities and the appe…

SBI General Insurance issued a fire insurance policy to Krish Spinning, which settled the first fire claim by a discharge voucher and payment of Rs 84,19,579. Krish Spinning later disputed the quantum of the settlement, alleging coercion, and invoked the arbitration clause in the policy by filing a Section 11(6) applic…

The respondents, whose parents (assistant teachers) died in service in 2006, sought compassionate appointments under the Bihar Municipal Body Elementary Teachers (Employment and Service Conditions) Rules, 2006. They were appointed as Nagar Shikshaks on 12 April 2008 and 19 August 2008 in accordance with Rule 10 of the …

The parties entered into a 2012 contract for the supply of sub‑machine guns, after which the Ministry of Defence encashed a bank guarantee and deducted liquidated damages in September 2016. The petitioner claimed the dispute should be resolved by arbitration and, after a series of bilateral discussions, issued a notice…

The Supreme Court entertained a Special Leave Petition filed by the All India Football Federation (AIFF) challenging the High Court's setting aside of its 2016 Executive Committee elections. The Court had earlier constituted a two‑member Committee of Administrators (CoA) to draft a new constitution for the AIFF and to …

The case concerned the admission of NEET‑UG qualified candidates to the NRI quota in unaided private medical colleges in Kerala. After two rounds of counselling, 57 NRI seats remained vacant and the private colleges sought an extension of time for fresh applications, which the Commissioner for Entrance Examination (CEE…

State Bank of India (SBI) filed an application before the NCLT on 19 September 2018 under Section 7 of the Insolvency and Bankruptcy Code, 2016 (IBC) seeking initiation of a Corporate Insolvency Resolution Process (CIRP) against Krishidhan Seeds Private Limited, alleging default on a financial debt dated 10 June 2014 w…

The Supreme Court earlier ordered the State Bank of India (SBI) to disclose details of electoral bonds purchased and the contributions received by political parties. A Miscellaneous Application was filed seeking to pre‑date the point from which such disclosure must be made. The Court examined the language of sub‑paragr…

The appellant, Adiraj Manpower Services Pvt. Ltd., a manpower recruitment agency, entered into agreements with Sigma Electric Manufacturing to supply personnel for various manufacturing activities. The Commissioner of Central Excise issued a show‑cause notice alleging that the appellant had failed to assess and pay ser…

The appellant, former MD and CEO of Ricoh India Ltd., was served a show‑cause notice by SEBI alleging violations of the SEBI Act and the PFUTP Regulations based on an investigation report. The appellant demanded the full investigation report, but SEBI claimed it was an internal document not subject to disclosure. The S…

An FIR was lodged in 2016 against the appellants for offences under Sections 294(b), 323, 324 and 34 of the IPC. The police submitted an initial report under Section 173(2) of the CrPC implicating the appellants, but after a further investigation a supplementary report under Section 173(8) recommended dropping the case…

The Supreme Court examined a dispute arising from the resolution of Jet Airways Ltd., where the Successful Resolution Applicant (SRA) sought to meet its Rs 350 crore payment obligation by adjusting the last Rs 150 crore tranche against a Performance Bank Guarantee (PBG). The lenders, led by State Bank of India (SBI), h…

The appellant was charged under Section 138 of the Negotiable Instruments Act for the dishonour of a Rs 5 lakh cheque, which the complainant alleged was issued to discharge a Rs 15 lakh loan. The appellant contended that no legally enforceable debt existed and that the cheque was issued on the basis of an anticipated l…

The appellant, an Assistant Commandant in the CRPF, was subjected to multiple disciplinary enquiries after a complaint alleged that he made threatening statements and exhibited misconduct. He was later diagnosed with a permanent mental disability (40‑70%) and classified as unfit for duty. The appellant challenged the d…

The appellants, daily‑rated employees of the Gujarat Water Supply & Sewerage Board, claimed entitlement to the higher pay‑scale of Rs.950‑1500 under Gujarat Government resolutions of 1991 and 1992, arguing that denial of the benefit violated Article 14. The Board, an autonomous statutory body, had adopted only the 1988…

The Madhya Pradesh Public Service Commission (MPPSC) advertised a State Service Examination for various posts. Respondent No.1, an SC candidate, applied with a preference order of Deputy District Collector, Deputy Superintendent of Police (DSP), and Chief Municipal Officer (CMO). He scored 892 marks, insufficient for t…

The appellant, a mother‑in‑law, sought anticipatory bail after an FIR was lodged under Section 498A IPC and the Muslim Women (Protection of Rights on Marriage) Act, 2019 alleging that her son had pronounced triple talaq on his wife. The Kerala High Court denied the bail application, prompting an appeal to the Supreme C…

Dr. Naresh Kumar Mangla filed a criminal appeal challenging the Allahabad High Court's order granting anticipatory bail to his deceased daughter's in‑laws under Section 438 CrPC. The FIR alleged dowry harassment, assault in 2017, money demands and the unnatural death of the daughter within seven years of marriage, invo…

The appellants, appointed as Judicial Magistrates in 2002‑03, were placed higher in the merit list than the petitioners belonging to reserved categories. The State prepared a gradation list for promotion using Rule 5 of the Jammu & Kashmir Reservation Rules, 2005, which applied roster points meant for direct recruitmen…

The case concerns the constitutional validity of Section 6A of the Citizenship Act, 1955, which grants citizenship to certain migrants from Bangladesh to Assam based on cut-off dates (before 1.1.1966 and between 1.1.1966 and 25.3.1971). The provision was enacted to implement the Assam Accord. Petitioners challenged it …

The Supreme Court of India considered a batch of petitions seeking legal recognition of same-sex marriage under the Special Marriage Act, 1954, and other laws. The Court held that there is no fundamental right to marry under the Constitution, and the Special Marriage Act is not unconstitutional for excluding same-sex c…

The appellant, Satya Prakash Dwivedi, suffered grievous injuries in a road accident and claimed compensation before the Motor Accident Claims Tribunal, which awarded Rs.5,42,633 with a 50% permanent disability assessment. The insurance company appealed, and the High Court, exercising power under Order XLI Rule 33 of th…

Kishan Chand Jain filed a writ petition under Article 32 seeking a direction that public authorities implement the proactive disclosure obligations under Section 4 of the Right to Information Act, 2005. The Union of India responded by detailing the various guidelines, task forces, and memoranda issued by the Department…

Konkan Railway Corporation Limited (the appellant) entered into a lump‑sum contract with Chenab Bridge Project Undertaking (the respondent) for constructing a high‑altitude railway bridge. Disputes arose over increased entry tax and toll tax during execution, leading to a standing arbitral tribunal which rejected the r…

The original plaintiffs filed a suit for specific performance of an agreement to sell against the vendor. During the pendency of the suit, the vendor, despite an injunction, sold the property to the appellant, who then applied under Order 1 Rule 10 of the CPC to be impleaded as a defendant. The trial court allowed the …

Two Civil Judges (Senior Division) in Gujarat challenged the High Court's promotion process, alleging that the recruitment notice of 12 April 2022 applied a seniority‑cum‑merit approach contrary to the statutory requirement of merit‑cum‑seniority for the 65% promotional quota. The petitioners invoked Article 32 of the …

The Advocate Association Bengaluru filed a contempt petition alleging that the Appointments Committee of the Cabinet (ACC) had appointed members to the Income Tax Appellate Tribunal (ITAT) based on reports and feedback obtained after the Search‑cum‑Selection Committee (SCSC) had made its recommendations, without placin…

The Supreme Court was approached by Mumbai Metro Rail Corporation Limited (MMRCL) for clarification of its earlier order permitting the corporation to move the Tree Authority to fell 84 trees in Aarey Forest for the Metro Line‑3 project. MMRCL later sought to fell 124 trees and transplant 53 trees, exceeding the author…

The petitioner, a disability‑rights activist, challenged the conditions imposed by the Consortium of National Law Universities for the Common Law Admission Test (CLAT) 2023, specifically the rules governing the use of scribes for persons with disabilities (PwD). He argued that the late issuance of guidelines and the re…

The case concerned women Short Service Commission (SSC) officers of the Indian Navy who, after completing fourteen years of service, were denied consideration for Permanent Commission (PC) despite policy letters and regulations indicating such a right. The petitioners challenged the 2008 policy letter that made PC gran…

The appellant, the Joint Labour Commissioner and Registering Officer, challenged the National Consumer Disputes Redressal Commission’s order granting financial assistance to Kesar Lal, a construction worker registered as a beneficiary under the Building and Other Construction Workers (Regulation of Employment and Condi…

The Bengaluru Development Authority (BDA) sought an environmental clearance (EC) for its Peripheral Ring Road (PRR) project, which was later quashed by the National Green Tribunal (NGT) on the ground that the primary data used in the Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) report was over three years old and the Terms of…

The Council of Architecture challenged NOIDA's Promotion Policy 2005, which allowed promotion to the post of Associate Architect without requiring a degree recognised by the Council. The issue was whether Section 37 of the Architects Act, 1972 bars unregistered persons from practising architectural activities and wheth…

The petitioners, including a prospective mayoral candidate, challenged the conduct of the first meeting of the Delhi Municipal Corporation after the 2022 elections, seeking clarification on whether members nominated under Section 3(3)(b)(i) of the Delhi Municipal Corporation Act, 1957 have voting rights in the election…

APIIC invited bids to develop a 350‑acre aerospace park and awarded the contract to Unitech, which paid Rs 165 crore in installments. The contract was conditioned on the outcome of a pending litigation concerning the title to the land, which the Andhra Pradesh High Court and later this Court held that the government di…

The case concerned women officers of the Indian Army who were commissioned on Short Service Commission (SSC) and sought Permanent Commission (PC) on the basis of equality guarantees under Articles 14, 15 and 16 of the Constitution. The Delhi High Court had directed that women SSC officers be granted PCs at par with the…

The Petroleum and Natural Gas Regulatory Board (PNGRB) conducted the ninth round of bidding for city or local natural gas distribution networks (CGD) in 2018. After opening technical bids, the Board introduced an internal note on 23 July 2018 that suggested a 2%–100% range of total households (based on the 2011 Census)…

The appellants, two brothers, had taken a loan of Rs.3 lakh from Bank of India in 2008 to purchase a tractor. They claimed a full debt waiver under clause 5 of the Agricultural Debt Waiver and Debt Relief Scheme, asserting that they were "small farmers". The District Consumer Disputes Redressal Forum and the State Comm…

Sangrur Sales Corporation insured its shop for Rs 18 lakhs under a Standard Fire and Special Perils policy. The shop collapsed on 29 March 2012 due to excavation work carried out in an adjacent plot. United India Insurance denied the claim invoking sub‑clause (e) of Clause VIII, which excludes loss caused by demolition…

The father of Parkash Chand, a peon in the Himachal Pradesh Revenue Department, died in service in 1997 while Chand was a minor. After attaining majority, Chand applied for a compassionate appointment but his request was rejected on the ground that his elder brother was already employed with a state undertaking. Chand …

The appellant, a director of Lakshmi Cement and Ceramics Industries Ltd., borrowed Rs 4,15,000 from the respondent and issued a cheque on the company's behalf, which later bounced. A notice of demand was served only on the appellant, not on the company, and a complaint under Section 138 of the Negotiable Instruments Ac…

The appellant was convicted in nine separate sessions trials for theft of electricity equipment, each resulting in a two‑year simple imprisonment under Section 136 of the Electricity Act. The trial judge ordered that time spent as an under‑trial be set off against each sentence and that sentences for offences under Sec…

The Supreme Court admitted a batch of writ petitions challenging the demonetisation notification of 8 November 2016 and issued interim directions. It examined the legality of the RBI's power to demonetise under the Reserve Bank of India Act and its compatibility with constitutional provisions. The Court considered the …

The appellants, women Short Service Commissioned Officers (SSCO) of the Indian Air Force recruited between 1993-1998, were promised a Permanent Commission (PC) after five years of service under a 1991 policy circular and recruitment advertisements. Instead, they were granted extensions and denied PC, leading to a Publi…

The petitioners, Citizens for Green Dehradun, challenged Stage‑I forest clearances for a highway project and were directed by the Supreme Court to approach the National Green Tribunal (NGT). They filed an original application before the NGT under Section 14, which was dismissed on the ground that they were circumventin…

The plaintiff, Shri Hanuman Deosthan, a public trust registered under the Maharashtra Public Trusts Act, 1950, sued the defendants for possession of House No.878 in Circle No.3, claiming it was trust property. The trial court decreed possession in favour of the trust, but the first appellate court reversed, finding the…

The appellant claimed title to a suit property through respondent No.4, alleging that a sale certificate issued by the Custodian of Evacuee Property under the 1950 Act was genuine, while respondent No.3 had obtained a sale certificate from the Managing Officer under the Displaced Persons (Compensation and Rehabilitatio…

The petitioner, a 27‑year‑old mother of two, filed a writ petition under Article 32 seeking a medical termination of her pregnancy after discovering she was about 24 weeks pregnant, citing postpartum depression and financial constraints. The Court initially ordered termination, but a doctor from the AIIMS Medical Board…

Pesala Nookaraju, a bootlegger, was preventively detained under Section 3(2) of the Andhra Pradesh Prevention of Dangerous Activities Act, 1986, with a 12‑month order confirmed by the State Government. He challenged the detention through a writ of habeas corpus, arguing that the proviso to Section 3(2) limits detention…

The case concerned Dr. Bikartan Das, a Research Assistant appointed by the Central Council for Research in Ayurvedic Sciences (CCRAS), who sought to have his retirement age enhanced from 60 to 65 years in line with the benefit granted to AYUSH doctors under a Cabinet decision. The Central Administrative Tribunal (CAT) …

The Supreme Court examined a Division Bench judgment of the Himachal Pradesh High Court that affirmed a disciplinary dismissal of a bank employee but was written in an incomprehensible manner. The Court held that a judgment must be clear, logical and accessible to the parties and the public, and that incoherent judgmen…

Sandeep alias Kala was acquitted of murder in the trial court, but the High Court reversed the acquittal and sentenced him to life imprisonment. He appealed to the Supreme Court under Section 2(a) of the Supreme Court (Enlargement of Criminal Appellate Jurisdiction) Act, 1970 and Section 379 of the CrPC, and the appeal…

Deepika Singh, a nursing officer at PGIMER, married a man who had two children from a previous marriage. She applied for maternity leave for her first biological child under Rule 43 of the Central Civil Services (Leave) Rules, 1972, but the authorities denied it, arguing that she already had two surviving children for …

The Oriental Bank of Commerce filed a criminal complaint under Section 138 of the Negotiable Instruments Act alleging that a cheque issued by the respondent, Prabodh Kumar Tewari, bounced due to insufficient funds. The respondent admitted signing a blank cheque and argued that the details filled in later were not in hi…

The appellant, Smt. Sulekha Rani, sought family pension after her husband, an Army Jawan, was discharged on 31 August 2001 without the convening of an Invalidating Medical Board and later died in 2007. The Armed Forces Tribunal dismissed her claim, relying on Army Rule 13(3)(III)(v), a residuary provision for discharge…

The appellant, a founder member of Adarsh Colony Cooperative House Building Society, deposited monies between 1975 and 1982 for a residential plot. Although an administrator allotted her a 250‑sq‑yard plot (No. 41‑D) in 1983, the allotment was later cancelled and the plot was allegedly re‑allotted to another member. Th…

The case concerned a suit for possession of a shop in Ludhiana filed by the grandson and great‑grandson of Dr. Hira Singh, who claimed title after the death of the testator’s widowed daughter, Shiv Dev Kaur, who held a life interest under a 1944 will. The daughter had created a tenancy with the defendant and was entitl…

Sarv Jan Kalyan Sewa Samiti appealed to the Supreme Court against an order of the National Green Tribunal (NGT) dated 11 February 2019 that disposed of Original Application No.124 of 2017, thereby preventing the appellant from raising objections to a proposed land‑forest exchange. The Supreme Court had earlier, on 8 Fe…

The petitioners, ex‑servicemen, challenged the Union of India's implementation of One Rank One Pension (OROP) through a November 7, 2015 letter that altered the original promise of automatic pension revisions to periodic revisions every five years. They argued that the new definition created a class within a class, vio…

The appellants filed a consumer complaint before the National Consumer Disputes Redressal Commission (NCDRC) on 18 June 2020 under the Consumer Protection Act, 1986, seeking a refund of Rs. 2.19 crores. The Consumer Protection Act, 2019 came into force on 20 July 2020, raising the NCDRC's pecuniary jurisdiction from Rs…

Vodafone Idea Cellular Ltd. filed a consumer complaint alleging over‑charging for mobile services, which the consumer, Ajay Kumar Agarwal, pursued before the District Consumer Disputes Redressal Forum. The appellant argued that Section 7B of the Telegraph Act, 1885, which mandates arbitration for disputes concerning te…

The Union of India sought a direction that the minutes of the 40th meeting of the Expert Appraisal Committee (EAC) dated 23 April 2019 be placed on record so that the Supreme Court's embargo on the environmental clearance (EC) for the Mopa greenfield airport could be lifted. The Court examined whether the EAC had adequ…

The father of Shashi Kumar, a horticulture department employee, died in service in 2005. Kumar applied in 2007 for a compassionate appointment, which required the family’s income, including pension, to be disclosed. He filed a writ petition in 2015 after a delay of more than seven years; the Himachal Pradesh High Court…

The appellant, Smt. S. Vanitha, sought to remain in a house that she claimed was her matrimonial home and a "shared household" under the Protection of Women from Domestic Violence Act, 2005 (PWDV Act). Her parents‑in‑law, invoking the Maintenance and Welfare of Parents and Senior Citizens Act, 2007 (Senior Citizens Act…

The Supreme Court, hearing a civil appeal filed by the State of Uttar Pradesh against the All U.P. Consumer Protection Bar Association, examined the chronic shortage of infrastructure and vacancies in the consumer dispute redressal system. It noted that a three‑member Committee had been constituted to study infrastruct…

The New Okhla Industrial Development Authority (NOIDA) and the State of Uttar Pradesh sought to enhance the superannuation age of NOIDA employees from 58 to 60 years, issuing a government order on 30 September 2012 that applied prospectively. The Allahabad High Court set aside the order’s prospective effect and directe…

The petitioners are women Short Service Commissioned Officers who were released from the Armed Forces after fourteen years of service. They sought one‑time pensionary benefits on the basis that, under a Supreme Court order of November 2022, they should be deemed to have completed the twenty‑year qualifying period for p…

The plaintiff entered into a sale agreement for a schedule property, paying Rs.26,000 as earnest money and agreeing to pay the balance of Rs.29.74 lakh upon execution of the sale deed. The agreement required the defendant to settle a pending family dispute within six months, else the execution date could be extended. T…

The Election Commission of India (ECI) had earlier submitted data on electoral bonds to the Supreme Court, which was kept in sealed custody as per an interim order dated 12 April 2019. The Court later directed the ECI to upload this data on its website, assuming the ECI retained a copy. The ECI informed the Court that …

Justice (Retd) Raj Rahul Garg retired as a District Judge on 31 July 2014 and was appointed a High Court Judge on 25 September 2014, retiring from the High Court on 4 July 2016. She filed a petition under Article 226 seeking that her entire judicial service, including the 54‑day gap, be counted for pensionary benefits.…

The corporate debtor Gujarat NRE Coke Ltd (GNCL) initiated a corporate insolvency resolution process, but its promoter Arun Kumar Jagatramka was deemed ineligible to submit a resolution plan under Section 29A of the Insolvency and Bankruptcy Code (IBC). After the liquidation order, Jagatramka filed an application under…

Sartaj Singh, the injured eye‑witness, was attacked by several persons and lodged an FIR naming the private respondents. The investigating officer filed charge‑sheets against other accused but not the private respondents. During trial Singh testified, again naming the private respondents, and filed an application under…

The appellant, a registered valuer, was appointed by the resolution professional (RP) to value plant and machinery of Kavveri Telecom Infrastructure Ltd during a Corporate Insolvency Resolution Process (CIRP). His fee of Rs 7.5 lakhs and expenses were ratified by the Committee of Creditors, but after the National Compa…

The appellant filed a criminal appeal after the Allahabad High Court granted bail to the second respondent, who was accused of murdering the appellant’s son. The FIR detailed a brutal knife attack resulting in eight ante‑mortem injuries and death, and the accused had initially been declared a fugitive before surrenderi…

The appellant, Naveen Singh, filed a criminal appeal challenging the Allahabad High Court's order that granted regular bail to the accused Mahesh Singh (Respondent No.2), who was charged under IPC sections 420, 467, 468, 471 and 120‑B for allegedly forging and manipulating a court order and benefitting from it in a sep…

The first complainant booked a hotel stay at the Kerala Tourism Development Corporation (KTDC) where her husband drowned in the swimming pool. The lifeguard on duty was also assigned bartending duties, and a foreign guest initially rescued the victim. A consumer complaint was filed alleging deficiency of service, and t…

Prem Ram, a constable in the Uttarakhand Police, was dismissed in 2007 for drunkenness and misbehaving with the public, a fact established by a medical report and a disciplinary enquiry. He filed a writ petition, but the High Court directed him to the statutory appeal route, where his appeal was dismissed by the Inspec…

The Supreme Court of India struck down the Electoral Bond Scheme and related amendments to the Finance Act 2017, which had introduced anonymous financial contributions to political parties. The Court held that the scheme violated the right to information of voters under Article 19(1)(a) of the Constitution, as informat…

The appellants sought to quash a FIR filed by the first respondent alleging offences under Sections 405, 406, 415 and 420 IPC read with Section 34, claiming the complaint was a civil dispute disguised as a criminal case. The High Court had rejected the petition and stayed the proceedings pending a civil suit. On appeal…

Lt. Col. Dharamvir Singh, an Indian Army officer, was posted in Nanded, Maharashtra when an attachment order dated 5 October 2018 was issued by the Army headquarters to initiate disciplinary action under Army Instruction 30/86. He challenged the attachment order through a writ petition under Article 226 before the Mani…

The appellants, a group of home buyers, filed a petition under Section 7 of the Insolvency and Bankruptcy Code (IBC) against M/s Bharath Hi Tech Builders for defaulting on a repayment of Rs 33.84 crore. The National Company Law Tribunal (NCLT) declined to admit the petition and instead directed the corporate debtor to …

The Supreme Court examined the Chardham Mahamarg Vikas Pariyojna, a project to widen about 900 km of national highways in the Himalayan state of Uttarakhand, which includes three strategic border roads. Environmental groups challenged the project before the National Green Tribunal, leading to the formation of a High Po…

The appeal concerned a order of the National Consumer Disputes Redressal Commission (NCDRC) that condoned a 100‑day delay in filing the respondent's written statement in a consumer complaint. The condonation was granted on 25 February 2020, a few days before the Supreme Court’s Constitution Bench judgment in New India …

Mukul Bhasin and Harshita Bhasin, married in 2007, separated in 2013 and have two minor children aged eight and five. The husband filed a petition under the Guardians and Wards Act, 1890 for dissolution of marriage and custody, while the wife filed a habeas corpus petition. The Calcutta High Court refused interim custo…

Sunita Burman, the widow of Munna Lal Burman, who was engaged as a daily‑wage Muster Roll employee and later appointed as a work‑charged employee of the Madhya Pradesh Housing and Infrastructure Development Board, sought family pension and other retiral dues after his death on 26 April 2016. The High Court initially gr…

The Board of Control for Cricket in India (BCCI) filed an interim application seeking the Supreme Court's leave to give effect to several amendments to its Constitution, notably to Clause 6(4) concerning the cooling‑off period for office‑bearers and Clause 6(5) relating to disqualification on criminal conviction. The C…

The Supreme Court considered whether the nine‑judge bench decision in Mineral Area Development Authority v. Steel Authority of India (2024 INSC 554) should be given prospective effect. The judgment had overruled India Cement Ltd. v. State of Tamil Nadu and clarified the legislative competence of States under Entries 49…

The Supreme Court heard appeals challenging the Delhi High Court's age criteria for the Delhi Judicial Service (DJS) and Delhi Higher Judicial Service (DHJS) examinations. The petitioners argued that the upper age limit of 32 years for DJS and the minimum age of 35 years for DHJS were unconstitutional, especially after…

The case arose from a matrimonial dispute in which the husband, S. Nallasamy, alleged that his wife’s family forcibly entered his house and threatened him, leading to an FIR under IPC sections 147, 448, 294(b) and 506. The FIR named only 11 persons, although the complainant later claimed that 20 additional persons were…

The appellant’s predecessor sold tribal agricultural land to the respondent’s predecessor in 1964. After the 1980 amendment inserting Section 170B of the Madhya Pradesh Land Revenue Code, the appellant’s successor (Beniram) sought reversion of the land, and the Collector ordered the land restored to him. The respondent…

The case concerned rehabilitation of persons displaced by land acquisition for the Sambalpur‑Talcher Rail Link Project. The Railway Board had issued a policy granting preferential treatment to land oustees for Group C and D posts, subject to meeting qualifications and undergoing the normal selection process. The Centra…

The Union of India appealed against a Delhi High Court judgment that struck down Rule 3.3(1)(b) of the PCPNDT Rules, 1996 and Rule 6 of the Six‑Months Training Rules, 2014 on the ground that the Act did not empower the Central Government to prescribe qualifications or training for persons using ultrasound equipment. Th…

Shamshar Singh Sandhu, a DIG in the CRPF, was promoted to the rank of Inspector General (IG) but was later reverted to DIG without a notice or hearing. The reversion order was stayed by the High Court, allowing him to continue serving as an IG until his retirement on 31 January 2016. He sought retirement benefits as an…

The Union of India appealed a High Court order that directed promotion of Havildars in the Assam Rifles to the rank of Naib Subedar for vacancies that arose before the 2011 restructuring and the 2012 recruitment rules. The respondents, who had been promoted to the newly created post of Warrant Officer, contended that t…

The Supreme Court examined whether an arbitration agreement embedded in an unstamped or insufficiently stamped contract is void, unenforceable, or merely inadmissible under the Indian Stamp Act. It held that such agreements are only inadmissible as evidence under Section 35 of the Stamp Act and that non‑stamping is a c…

M. JeyanthI, a Grade II Police Constable, tendered her resignation on 1 June 2017 which was accepted by the Director General of Police on 12 June 2017. She attempted to withdraw the resignation on 13 July 2017. The DGP rejected her representation, leading to a writ petition that was dismissed by a Single Judge. The Mad…

The State of Rajasthan prosecuted Leela Ram for murder after he, along with two co‑accused, attacked the deceased with an axe, inflicting a fatal skull injury. The trial court convicted him under Sections 302, 341 and 323 IPC, but the Rajasthan High Court reduced the murder conviction to culpable homicide not amounting…

The Telecom Department of the erstwhile Telecom Department reported theft of copper and lead alloy moulds, which were seized from the first respondent, Surya Metals, and placed under interim custody of the appellant, Bharat Sanchar Nigam Limited (BSNL), under CrPC s.451. The criminal trial resulted in the acquittal of …

The dispute arose from a contract for the supply of wooden batons. The arbitrator rejected the respondents' claim for payment and the security deposit. The respondents filed a petition under Section 34 of the Arbitration and Conciliation Act, 1996, which the District Judge dismissed. The appellants appealed to the High…

The Union of India moved a transfer petition under Article 139A seeking to shift a writ petition (Civil) No. 15798 of 2009, pending before the Andhra Pradesh High Court, to the Supreme Court. The High Court writ challenged the constitutional validity of the Scheduled Tribes and Other Traditional Forest Dwellers (Recogn…

The Supreme Court was approached by the State of Tamil Nadu for clarification of its 15 December 2016 order that prohibited the grant of liquor licences along national and state highways, including stretches within municipal limits. The Court clarified that the purpose of the order is to curb liquor sales along highway…

The Supreme Court was asked to consider whether a holder of a light motor vehicle (LMV) licence may drive a transport vehicle of the same class (unladen weight up to 7,500 kg) without a separate endorsement. The issue arose from the earlier decision in Mukund Dewangan v. Oriental Insurance Co., which had interpreted th…

The petitioners sought to overturn a Permanent Lok Adalat order directing the closure of a slaughterhouse in Tonk, alleging the Adalat lacked jurisdiction. The Rajasthan State Pollution Control Board (SPCB) later issued directions under Section 33A of the Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1974, after ins…

The Supreme Court examined the appropriate procedure for police to conduct media briefings during ongoing criminal investigations, balancing the public’s right to information under Article 19(1)(a) with the accused’s presumption of innocence and victims’ privacy under Article 21. An amicus curiae was appointed who coll…

The Supreme Court considered three appeals where successful resolution applicants sought to withdraw or modify their resolution plans after approval by the Committee of Creditors (CoC) but before approval by the Adjudicating Authority under the Insolvency and Bankruptcy Code (IBC), 2016. The Court held that the IBC doe…

The Supreme Court examined whether the first proviso of Section 54(3) of the Central Goods and Services Tax Act, 2017 imposes a substantive restriction on refunds of unutilised input tax credit (ITC) arising from an inverted duty structure, and whether Rule 89(5) of the CGST Rules, which limits the refund calculation t…

Kaptan Singh, acting as power of attorney for Munni Devi, filed a complaint alleging assault and other offences arising from a disputed sale of a plot. An FIR was registered, investigated, and a charge‑sheet was filed for offences under Sections 147, 148, 149, 406, 329 and 386 IPC. The accused filed a petition under Se…

The petitioners, victims of Endosulfan pesticide use in Kerala's Kasargod district, sought enforcement of a Supreme Court order dated 10 January 2017 that directed the State Government to pay Rs 5 lakhs compensation to each affected person and to arrange medical facilities. Five years later, only eight petitioners had …

The case concerned an appeal by Meena Devi, the wife of a murder victim, against the Allahabad High Court’s order granting bail to the convicted accused, Shivraj Singh alias Lalla Babu, under Section 439 of the Cr.P.C. The Supreme Court examined whether the High Court had exercised its discretionary power judiciously, …

The petitioners, a group of MBBS graduates who had participated in the NEET‑PG 2021 counselling process, filed a writ petition under Article 32 seeking the quashing of the National Board of Examinations' notification fixing the NEET‑PG 2022 exam for 21 May 2022, a postponement of the exam, a fresh date after eight week…

M/s Neeharika Infrastructure Pvt Ltd lodged an FIR alleging forgery and fraud against three respondents under several IPC sections. The respondents filed a petition under Article 226 and Section 482 of the CrPC seeking quashment of the FIR and obtained a blanket interim order from the Bombay High Court directing the po…

The accused, a Patwari, was alleged to have demanded a bribe of Rs.2,800 for issuing a domicile/OBC certificate, as recorded in a telephone transcript. The Special Judge, after hearing the prosecution, found a prima facie case under Section 7 of the Prevention of Corruption Act, 1988 and framed a charge. The High Court…

The State of Andhra Pradesh assessed tax on M/s Linde India Ltd for its sale of Medical Oxygen IP and Nitrous Oxide IP, treating them as unclassified goods under Schedule V of the Andhra Pradesh Value Added Tax Act, 2005, which would attract a 12.5%/14.5% rate. Linde argued that the products are drugs/medicines covered…

In Madhya Pradesh, twenty‑two INC legislators tendered resignations, six of which were accepted by the Speaker. The Chief Minister, fearing loss of majority, sought a floor test, and the Governor, on the basis of material indicating a possible loss of confidence, directed a trust vote on 16 March 2020. The Assembly was…

Shinhan Bank entered a Leave and Licence agreement and a contemporaneous Amenities agreement with Carol Info Services for office premises. After termination, the parties disputed the refund of security deposits and alleged fees, and the bank invoked an arbitration clause contained in the Amenities agreement. The respon…

The victim, Jyoti Sharma, an employee of Central Bank, alleged repeated harassment by Deepak Bhamawat, including a fraudulent loan taken in her name, termination from her job, and eviction from her residence. She committed suicide by consuming poison and, in her dying declaration, blamed Deepak for her harassment. The …

The Export Credit Guarantee Corporation of India (ECGC) issued a Shipments (Comprehensive Risk) Policy to M.S. Creations for export of handloom goods to SICOREP in Ivory Coast. After a change in the collecting bank to Banqyue De ‘L’ Habitat (BHCI), the bank released shipping documents without acceptance, causing the ex…

The appellants, owners of agricultural land, entered into an agreement to sell the land to the respondent and issued two post‑dated cheques for the balance consideration. Both cheques were returned unpaid for insufficient funds, prompting the appellants to issue legal notices and file complaints under Section 138 of th…

The Supreme Court examined a dispute arising from the High Court of Punjab and Haryana's recommendation to promote thirteen in‑service judicial officers to Additional District and Sessions Judges under the 65% promotion quota of the Haryana Superior Judicial Service Rules, 2007. The State of Haryana refused to accept t…

The appellants, parents and siblings of a deceased employee, claimed compensation under the Employee's Compensation Act, 1923 for a fatal accident that occurred on 31 January 2008. The High Court enhanced the compensation by applying the post‑amendment monthly wage ceiling of Rs 8,000, invoking the Workmen Compensation…

The appellants were charged under Sections 379, 427, 447, 504, 506 read with Section 149 of the Indian Penal Code for allegedly trespassing onto land claimed by the complainant, cutting and stealing wheat, and assaulting him and his family. The trial court, after examining the testimonies of the complainant and his rel…

The appellants, Head Operators in the Kerala Water Authority, challenged the State Government's order that abolished the intermediate post of Senior Operator and reduced their pay scale. The High Court had held that the creation of the Senior Operator post by administrative order was ultra vires and required amendment …

The petitioners sought transfer of a Delhi High Court writ petition (WP (C) No. 8905 of 2019) and a Rajasthan High Court civil writ (CW/13784/2019) to the Supreme Court to obtain uniformity in the minimum age of marriage for men and women across various statutes. The respondents informed the Court that the Rajasthan pe…

The Tamil Nadu Housing Board acquired land under the Land Acquisition Act, 1894 and awarded compensation and solatium to Abdul Salam Sarkar (deceased) and others. The claimants sought interest on the solatium, which the reference court had not expressly rejected. The Madras High Court allowed the claim, pending the out…

The appellant filed a criminal complaint alleging fraud and extortion in a land‑title dispute, leading to an FIR under Sections 465, 467, 468 and 120B IPC. The respondents filed petitions under Section 482 of the CrPC seeking quashment of the FIR; the High Court allowed the petitions, quashing the FIR except for the ex…

The father of a 17‑year‑old girl who delivered a baby and then committed suicide filed an FIR alleging rape under IPC s.376 and the POCSO Act against Amit Kumar Tiwari. The Special Judge framed charges, but the accused obtained a criminal revision under CrPC s.397/401 and the High Court discharged him on the basis of a…

The appellant, Shambhu Kharwar, was accused by a woman (the second respondent) of raping her under Section 376 of the IPC, alleging that he had promised to marry her and then broke that promise, leading her to file a complaint. The woman had been in a consensual relationship with the appellant from 2013 to 2017, marrie…

The Kerala High Court, after conducting a written test and viva‑voce for recruitment to the Higher Judicial Service, imposed a minimum cut‑off for the viva‑voce despite the 1961 Rules and the 2012 examination scheme expressly providing that no cut‑off would apply. Eleven candidates challenged this decision, arguing tha…

The appellant, a long‑serving employee of Idukki District Co‑operative Bank, retired on 31 January 2007. Although he expressed willingness to join the State Co‑operative Bank and District Co‑operative Bank Employees Self‑Financing Pension Scheme 2005, the bank withheld his pension records, citing pending disciplinary p…

Bharat Watch Co., through its partner, insured its stock of watches with National Insurance Co. Ltd. (NICL). A theft occurred at the showroom without any forcible entry, and the insurer denied the claim invoking an exclusionary clause for burglary/housebreaking. The consumer forums (District Forum and State Commission)…

Mohd. Suleman Siddiqui was appointed as a registration clerk on a daily‑wage basis in 1991 by the District Registrar, Uttar Pradesh. He later claimed that his appointment was regular and sought regularisation, alleging that the termination of his services was illegal and that Rule 22 of the Subordinate Offices Minister…

The petitioner, the Director General of Police (DGP) of Himachal Pradesh, challenged an ex parte order of the Himachal High Court that transferred him and a Superintendent of Police to other posts to ensure a fair investigation into allegations of intimidation and misuse of power. The High Court had acted suo motu on a…

The appellant, a software developer, was employed by Shree Infosoft Private Limited under a contract that included a clause on overseas deputation, obligating repayment of costs if she failed to serve a specified period after such deputation. She was sent to the United States for a business meeting in August‑September …

The appellant, owner of land in the Mount Abu Eco‑sensitive Zone (ESZ), challenged the National Green Tribunal’s (NGT) order directing the State of Rajasthan to modify its Zonal Master Plan 2030 (ZMP 2030) to prohibit construction on his parcel. The NGT had relied on an Expert Committee report that deemed the land unsu…

The Himachal Pradesh Bus Stand Management and Development Authority (HPBSM&DA) obtained a 99‑year lease on forest land that had been diverted for a parking space and a bus stand under Forest (Conservation) Act orders of 1997 and 2001. It then authorised a private contractor to construct a Bus Stand‑cum‑Parking Complex …

The Union of India appealed against two Armed Forces Tribunal (AFT) orders granting the Dynamic Assured Career Progression (DACP) Scheme to doctors serving as commissioned officers in the Army Medical Corps (AMC). The respondents argued that DACP, approved for civilian doctors, should also apply to AMC officers, relyin…

The President of India issued Constitutional Orders 272 and 273, which applied the entire Constitution of India to the State of Jammu and Kashmir and abrogated Article 370. Simultaneously, Parliament enacted the Jammu and Kashmir Reorganisation Act 2019, bifurcating the State into two Union Territories: Jammu and Kashm…

The charitable Vaduwala Eye Hospital conducted an eye camp in 2000 during which 112 cataract surgeries were performed. Patients later complained of infections and loss of vision, alleging negligence due to non‑sterilized equipment, untrained staff and contaminated medicines. Consumer complaints were filed against both …

The deceased, a 24‑year‑old helper earning Rs 2,400 per month (plus a Rs 25 daily food allowance), was killed when a truck driver lost control of the vehicle. His parents claimed compensation under the Workmen’s Compensation Act, 1923. The Commissioner awarded Rs 2,64,895 (50% of monthly wages multiplied by the factor …

The Rajasthan Housing Board launched a hire‑purchase housing scheme in 1985 and registered the respondent after he paid a Rs 5,000 registration fee. The Board later demanded seed money in 1993, and after repeated notices the respondent failed to deposit it, leading to cancellation of his registration on 29 May 2000. Th…