Indian Penal Code, 1860

The State of Madhya Pradesh appealed against the High Court's order that reduced the sentences of four accused who had been convicted of assault with axes and sticks (IPC s.326 r/w s.34) and house‑trespass after preparation (IPC s.452). The High Court had limited its reasoning to the fact that it was the first offence …

The Central Bureau of Investigation filed a case against former Finance Minister P. Chidambaram under Sections 120B, 420 IPC and Sections 8, 13(2), 13(1)(d) of the Prevention of Corruption Act for alleged irregularities in the FIPB clearance of INX Media. After his arrest, the Delhi High Court refused regular bail, cit…

A complaint under the IPC and the Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes (Prevention of Atrocities) Act was filed against the appellant. The Chief Judicial Magistrate initially dismissed the complaint, finding no case, but the Additional Sessions Judge remanded the matter for a fresh review. On remand, the magistrate re…

The State of Karnataka alleged that a police constable (A1) borrowed money from a fellow police officer who later demanded repayment, leading A1's wife (A2) to invite the victim to their home and murder him with two choppers. The trial court convicted A2, A3 and A4 under Section 302 read with Section 34, while acquitti…

The petitioners, National Alliance for People’s Movements and others, challenged the categorisation adopted by the High‑Powered Committee (HPC) of Maharashtra for granting interim bail or parole to prisoners during the Covid‑19 pandemic, alleging that the exclusion of certain categories—such as serious economic offence…

Shantanu Sitaram (also known as Anil Divekar) was convicted along with two co‑accused for the murder of his wife Supriya, whose body was found in a car with ligature marks. The prosecution proved that gold ornaments worn by the victim were recovered from a neighbour of Shantanu and that a rope, stick and knife used in …

The Supreme Court examined a dispute arising from a 1999 technology‑transfer agreement between the government‑run research institute ARCI and private firm Nimra Cerglass. Nimra alleged that ARCI made false representations about having a perfected extruded ceramic honeycomb technology, leading it to invest heavily and l…

The Supreme Court affirmed the conviction of Sushil Ansal, Gopal Ansal and H.S. Panwar under IPC sections 304‑A, 337, 338 read with s.36 and s.14 of the Cinematograph Act, 1952 for the Uphaar cinema fire. The issue before the Court was the appropriate quantum of sentence, given the statutory maximum of two years’ rigor…

The case involves a brutal murder of Dr. Rajveer Singh, his sons, and his brother over a land dispute, for which six accused were tried. The trial court convicted them under various IPC sections and sentenced five of them to death. On appeal, the Allahabad High Court held that the case did not fall within the "rarest o…

The case involves Tej Pal, who was convicted of murder under IPC sections 302 and 149 arising from a land dispute, and sentenced to life imprisonment. Tej Pal appealed the conviction before the Supreme Court, while a separate Special Leave Petition (SLP) filed by co-accused Narendra had already been dismissed. The Cour…

The appellant Gajraj Singh was convicted for the murder of his brother-in-law Harish Kumar after the victim's body was discovered with a missing revolver, mobile phone and Rs.3 lakh. Investigation revealed that the victim's SIM (9871879824) was used on a handset bearing IMEI No.35136304044030, which was later used with…

The Supreme Court examined an appeal by Sanjeeta Das against a decree of divorce granted by the Orissa High Court on the basis of an affidavit in which the husband, Tapan Kumar Mohanty, offered to pay Rs 10 lakh as maintenance. The husband had earlier filed a petition under Sections 13(1)(ia) and 13(1)(ib) of the Hindu…

The appellant lodged an FIR alleging murder and later filed a protest petition that was treated as a complaint, leading to two parallel criminal proceedings: one based on a police charge‑sheet and another on the complaint. The accused in the police case were the witnesses in the complaint case and vice‑versa, and none …

The appellant Dinesh Sahu was convicted, along with a co‑accused, for murder under Section 302 read with Section 34 of the IPC. The prosecution alleged that the accused attacked the victim with a khukri, leading to his death, and that the weapon and the victim's blood group were recovered from the appellant's house. On…

The appellants, the mother‑in‑law and sister‑in‑law of the deceased Sahitya, were convicted by the trial court and the Karnataka High Court for murder under Section 302 read with Section 34 of the IPC based on a prosecution theory that they conspired with alleged assailants (accused Nos. 4 and 5). The Supreme Court exa…

The case involved the murder of Babu, for which seven accused (A‑1 to A‑7) were charged under Sections 302, 34, 120‑B and 342 of the IPC. The trial court convicted A‑1 to A‑6, but the Madras High Court affirmed the conviction of only A‑1 to A‑3 and acquitted the rest. A‑2 and A‑3 appealed to the Supreme Court, challeng…

The appellant, accused of insulting her sister‑in‑law's religious sentiments, was charged under Section 504 of the IPC after a complaint alleging that she dragged a deity's idol from a puja room, causing damage and intending to provoke a breach of peace. The Additional Chief Metropolitan Magistrate, applying Section 20…

The appellants, Pitchu Mani and Esakkimuthu, were convicted of murder under Sections 302 and 302 read with 34 of the IPC based primarily on the testimony of the deceased's son and wife, who were interested witnesses. The appellants challenged the convictions, arguing that the witnesses could not have covered the 16 km …

The appellants were convicted under Section 307 read with Section 34 of the Indian Penal Code for attempting to murder a victim, causing a spinal injury that resulted in paralysis. The trial court sentenced each appellant to rigorous imprisonment for 14 years and a fine, a sentence affirmed by the High Court. The Supre…

The appellant Somesh Chaurasia sought cancellation of bail granted to the second respondent, who had been convicted of murder under Section 302 IPC and whose sentence was suspended under Section 389(1) CrPC. While the suspension was in force, an FIR (No. 143 of 2019) alleged that the second respondent had murdered the …

The appellant, Sanjay Rajak, was convicted under IPC s.364(A) for kidnapping a 5‑6‑year‑old child and sentenced to life imprisonment. The prosecution relied on circumstantial evidence: a classmate’s testimony that a man with a covered face, addressed as "uncle" by the child, abducted him; parents’ identification of the…

The CBI investigated a 1992 fraud where a fictitious bank account was opened in the name of Raj Kumar, deposits of Rs 3,22,056 were forged into it and withdrawn through seventeen cheques, leaving a small balance. Two bank employees, Ram Gopal (messenger) and Pankaj Kumar Jain (assistant clerk), were later charged and c…

The Supreme Court examined appeals filed by the State of Uttar Pradesh challenging the High Court's grant of bail to several convicts who had been sentenced to life imprisonment for serious offences under the IPC and the Criminal Law (Amendment) Act, 2013. The central issue was whether, at the post‑conviction stage, th…

Saurabh Kumar was arrested in connection with a land‑dispute case and was produced before the Additional Chief Judicial Magistrate, who remanded him to judicial custody under an order dated 1 July 2013. The petitioner filed a writ of habeas corpus under Article 32, alleging illegal detention, police brutality and claim…

Shyam Narain Pandey, a school principal, was convicted under IPC sections 147, 148, 302/144 read with 120B and sentenced to life imprisonment. He applied for a stay of his conviction under Section 389(1) of the Code of Criminal Procedure, arguing that the conviction would deprive him of his livelihood, but the High Cou…

The appellant Ohan Singh was convicted for the death of his brother Shiv Ram, who died after being struck on the head with an iron rod during a family property dispute. The prosecution relied on Shiv Ram's dying declaration, recorded by a Head Constable after a doctor certified that he was fit to speak, which identifie…

Mannu Sao was convicted under IPC sections 302 and 201 for murdering his wife, Bimla Devi, whose body was found burnt. He claimed she had committed suicide by self‑immolation, but the post‑mortem showed death by throttling before the burns. The trial and High Courts upheld the conviction based on a chain of circumstant…

The appellant, Davinder Singh, was convicted by the trial court and the Punjab & Haryana High Court for offences under Sections 376, 452 and 506 of the Indian Penal Code, based on the allegation that he threatened the prosecutrix with a knife at her residence. On appeal before the Supreme Court, the appellant contended…

The CBI filed an FIR in 2006 alleging that a senior Cotton Purchase Officer and his associates conspired to buy cotton at market rates, hoard it, and sell it to the Cotton Corporation of India (CCI) at the higher Minimum Support Price (MSP) through benami farmers, causing an alleged loss of Rs 21.19 crore. A chargeshee…

The appellants were convicted under Sections 302, 307 and 34 of the IPC for the murder of Sukha based primarily on the testimony of the complainant and other prosecution witnesses. During bail proceedings, three eyewitnesses submitted affidavits stating that the appellants were not involved, but the investigating offic…

The Supreme Court examined a criminal appeal filed by the State of West Bengal challenging a High Court order that had set aside the conviction of an accused under the POCSO Act and IPC for raping a 14‑year‑old girl who later married him and bore a child. The Court restored the conviction for offences under Section 6 o…

The National Investigation Agency (NIA) investigated members and office bearers of the Popular Front of India (PFI) for alleged offences under the IPC and the Unlawful Activities (Prevention) Act (UAPA), including conspiracy, recruitment, and weapons training aimed at establishing an Islamic state. The respondents were…

The appellants Chandrasekar and another were convicted of murder under Section 302 IPC and of voluntarily causing hurt under Section 324 IPC for repeatedly assaulting the deceased on the head with a hammer, sickle and iron rod, resulting in his death. The prosecution relied heavily on the testimony of an injured eyewit…

The appellant Jose was convicted for murdering his wife by dousing her with petrol and setting her ablaze while she slept, and for attempting to murder his grandchild. The prosecution relied on the victim's dying declaration, recorded by a doctor, and a series of circumstantial facts indicating motive, opportunity, and…

The appellant Rohtash was convicted by the High Court for dowry death under Sections 304‑B and 498‑A IPC, based on alleged dowry demands of Rs.10,000 and Rs.5,000 and the claim that his wife Indro committed suicide by poison. The trial court had acquitted all accused, finding material inconsistencies in witness stateme…

The Central Bureau of Investigation (CBI) appealed against the High Court's order discharging Ramesh Chander Diwan of offences under Sections 120B and 420 of the IPC, on the ground that no sanction under Section 197 of the Code of Criminal Procedure (CrPC) had been obtained. Diwan, originally appointed by the Governmen…

The appellant, Ramanuj Kumar, filed a petition for divorce under Sections 13(1)(ia) and (iii) of the Hindu Marriage Act, alleging irretrievable breakdown of his marriage to Priyanka. The parties had been living separately for over eleven years, with the appellant caring for their elder daughter and the respondent carin…

The case concerned the alleged murder of Amina and her three daughters by setting them on fire, for which the accused, Aejaz Ahmad Sheikh's brother, was initially convicted and sentenced to death. The High Court later acquitted him, prompting appeals by the State and the complainant. The Supreme Court examined the reli…

The appellants, a mother‑in‑law and her son‑in‑law, were convicted under Section 498‑A of the IPC for cruelty to a woman and sentenced to rigorous imprisonment and fine. They sought to replace the imprisonment with an enhanced fine, but the court held that fine cannot substitute imprisonment under Section 498‑A. The pr…

A four‑year‑old girl studying in the nursery class of Maxfort School, Delhi, alleged that a classmate sexually assaulted her. A charge‑sheet was filed under Section 21 of the POCSO Act read with Section 75 of the Juvenile Justice (Care and Protection of Children) Act against the school principal, two teachers and the V…

In the Bombay High Court, two single judges issued contradictory orders on the same set of facts concerning the framing of a charge under Section 302 of the Indian Penal Code. The first judge upheld the charge, while the second judge directed that the charge should not be framed, creating a conflict. The Supreme Court …

The case involves a murder and related offences under the IPC where ten persons were charged, including Accused No.6 (Mohammed Bhava) and Accused No.8 (Mohammed Musthafa). Both had been granted anticipatory bail and regular bail respectively by the Karnataka High Court, orders which were later challenged by the complai…

The appellants, Anuj Singh and Manoj Singh, were involved in a land dispute with Kumar Nandan Singh, who was repairing a wall. During an altercation, the appellants approached the scene armed with firearms and fired at the informant, causing injuries to his left foot and right arm; other accused used spears and lathis.…

The petitioner, convicted of murder and related offences, served 16 years of a life sentence and applied for premature release under Chhattisgarh Prison Rule 358. The appropriate government sought the opinion of the Special Judge who, without providing detailed reasons or considering the factors laid down in Laxman Nas…

The case involved a violent clash between members of two political parties in Kerala, resulting in the murder of a CPI(M) member. Sixteen accused were charged, but the trial court acquitted A-10 to A-16 while convicting five others. The High Court upheld the convictions but reversed the acquittals of A-10 to A-13, rely…

Several convicts sentenced to life imprisonment filed writ petitions challenging Rule 8(2)(i) of the Rajasthan Prisons (Shortening of Sentences) Rules, 2006, which required them to serve 14 years of actual imprisonment and earn a minimum of four years of remission before their cases could be considered for remission. T…

Kumar Ghimirey was convicted under Sections 9 and 10 of the Protection of Children from Sexual Offences (POCSO) Act, 2012 and Section 341 of the IPC for attempting to sexually assault a seven‑year‑old girl, and was sentenced to seven years’ imprisonment and a fine. On appeal, the Sikkim High Court altered the convictio…

The case arose from a clash between two groups in 1997 where the appellant, Ramesh Kumar @ Babla, was alleged to have struck the complainant with a sword, causing head injuries. The trial court convicted him under Section 307 of the IPC for attempted murder and sentenced him to three years' rigorous imprisonment, a dec…

The case involved the murder of five persons by a large unlawful assembly allegedly motivated by revenge for the death of the village Sarpanch's son. The trial court convicted 17 accused, sentencing six to death and others to life imprisonment, while some were acquitted. On appeal, the High Court reduced the death sent…

The case arose from a violent incident in which the nephew of a first informant, Rajesh, was shot dead and others injured after a dispute over goods. The appellant, Daya Kishan, was convicted under Sections 302, 307, 323 and 148 read with Section 149 of the IPC, the first conviction being based on alleged participation…

The appellant Shaukat and his father Sabbir were charged with killing Wilayat and injuring Rahmat over a dispute about digging earth from a village pond. The trial court convicted Shaukat under Sections 302 and 307 IPC; the High Court reduced the conviction to Section 304(Part I) and 308 IPC, invoking Exception 4 to Se…

The appellant, a 17‑year‑old at the time of the 2016 offence, was identified as a Child in Conflict with Law (CICL) but the charge sheet was filed directly before a Sessions Court without referral to a Juvenile Justice Board (JJB). The trial court convicted him under sections of the IPC and the POCSO Act and sentenced …

The appellants, directors of Priknit Apparel Ltd, received an investment of Rs 2.5 crore from Respondent No. 2 (SMC Global Securities) in exchange for 2,50,000 equity shares, but failed to launch an IPO as per the memorandum of understanding. The complainant filed a police complaint in Delhi which was dismissed, and su…

The appellant, Ramesh alias Dapinder Singh, was the driver of two maternal uncles (S and N) who assaulted the informant PW1 and his friends, resulting in the death of one friend. The trial court convicted all three accused under Sections 302, 323, and 324 read with Section 34 of the IPC, a conviction affirmed by the Hi…

The case arose from a violent clash during a panchayat election in Sehore, Madhya Pradesh, where a group of accused, armed with lathis and fasris, attacked members of the complainant party, resulting in one death and several injuries. The trial court acquitted all seventeen accused, reasoning that the incident occurred…

The case involves the kidnapping and murder of a seven‑year‑old boy, Kamlesh, whose body was discovered on a hillock after he failed to return from school. The prosecution relied solely on circumstantial evidence, including eyewitnesses who saw the accused with the child, recovery of blood‑stained clothing from one acc…

Umesh Singh was convicted for the murder of Shailendra Kumar, who was shot with a revolver and rifle by Singh and several co‑accused. The prosecution relied on the eye‑witness testimony of the victim’s cousin (PW2) and corroborating statements of other witnesses, while the defence challenged the validity of the FIR (ar…

The GHCL Employees Stock Option Trust filed a criminal complaint alleging that the Managing Director, Company Secretary and other directors of M/s. India Infoline Ltd. (the respondents) had sold 8,76,668 of its shares and misappropriated the proceeds, constituting criminal breach of trust and cheating. A Metropolitan M…

The deceased Kailash, married to Rakesh, was subjected to dowry harassment by her husband and mother‑in‑law and was set ablaze in their home, resulting in her death. The prosecution relied primarily on Kailash's dying declaration, which was recorded by a Judicial Magistrate after a doctor certified her fitness to testi…

The appellant Sayed Darain Ahsan was convicted under IPC sections 302 and 34 for the murder of Mughal, based on the testimony of four local eyewitnesses who identified him and his associate as the shooters. The defence argued that the eyewitness accounts conflicted with medical evidence showing only a single bullet wou…

The case involved the murder of Pratima Nandi on 23 February 2002. An eight‑year‑old girl, Manika (PW‑2), testified that the accused, Promode Dey, entered the house with a large dao and killed her mother. Her testimony was corroborated by her grandmother (PW‑1), her father (PW‑11), a village resident (PW‑8) and the rec…

The appellant-wife, K. Neelaveni, complained that her husband had contracted a second marriage, given gold ornaments, subjected her to cruelty and forced her to abort a pregnancy, leading to a police charge‑sheet under IPC sections 406, 494 and 498A. The accused filed a petition in the Madras High Court seeking quash o…

Jagdish, a Class‑3 life convict sentenced in 1999, applied for premature release after serving more than ten years. The High Court ordered his case to be considered under the remission policy dated 04‑02‑1993, rejecting the newer short‑sentencing policy of 13‑08‑2008. The State appealed, arguing that the later policy, …

The accused were tried for murder, dacoity and robbery after the victim's jeep was allegedly hijacked; the trial court acquitted them of murder and dacoity but convicted them of robbery. The State appealed, and the Gujarat High Court reversed the acquittal, convicting the accused of murder and related offences. The Sup…

The appellant Vikas Chandra challenged the summons issued to respondent No.2, the former Secretary of Mandi Samiti, for alleged abetment of his father's suicide under Section 306 IPC. The father had died by poison after allegedly being denied salary, and a suicide note blamed the respondent, but the note contained no r…

Ravindra Kumar applied for a constable post in February 2004 and was later implicated in a criminal case, which he was acquitted of in September 2004. He filed a character verification affidavit in October 2004 stating that no criminal case had ever been registered against him. The State cancelled his selection in Apri…

The appellant Naresh Kumar was convicted under Section 306 of the IPC for allegedly abetting his wife Rani's suicide in 1993, based largely on the fact that she died within seven years of marriage and that he repeatedly demanded money for a business. The prosecution relied on the testimony of the deceased's brother and…

The appellant Vahitha was convicted under Section 302 IPC for allegedly strangling her five‑year‑old daughter in the house of her mother‑in‑law. The prosecution relied on the testimony of the mother‑in‑law, two other family members, and two independent neighbours who saw the appellant near the child's body, as well as …

Apex Laboratories, a pharmaceutical company, claimed a deduction under Section 37(1) of the Income Tax Act for expenses incurred in providing gifts, travel, hospitality and other "freebies" to doctors to promote its product Zincovit. The Assessing Officer, on the basis of a CBDT circular dated 01‑08‑2012 and the 2002 M…

The appellant Raju was convicted along with two others for gang-rape under IPC s.376(2)(g) and appealed, claiming he was a juvenile at the time of the offence. The High Court rejected his claim, finding insufficient evidence, and upheld the conviction. The Supreme Court directed its Registrar (Judicial) to conduct an a…

The State of Madhya Pradesh appealed against two orders of the Madhya Pradesh High Court that quashed FIRs relating to serious offences including IPC sections 307, 294, 34, 394 and Arms Act sections 25 and 27 on the ground that the complainant had reached a compromise with the accused. The Supreme Court examined whethe…

The case arose from the 2009 hooch tragedy in Ahmedabad, Gujarat, where spurious country‑made liquor containing methyl alcohol caused 147 deaths and 205 injuries. Ravindersingh @ Ravi Pavar (appellant) and Jayesh Hiralal Thakker (respondent) were charged under several sections of the IPC and the Bombay Prohibition Act …

The husband (K. Srinivas Rao) appealed against a High Court order that set aside a decree of divorce in his favour. The Supreme Court examined whether the wife’s filing of false, indecent and defamatory complaints, and multiple criminal proceedings against him and his family, amounted to mental cruelty under s.13(1)(i‑…

During a ceremonial feast at Kishan Singh's house, appellant Som Raj (Soma) assaulted his nephew Sardari Lal with a sharp‑edged agricultural implement called a 'darat', striking the back of the victim's head and causing a fatal skull injury. Five eyewitnesses (PW1, PW2, PW3, PW6, PW8) testified that the appellant was a…

In 1997 the prosecutrix was abducted, raped and beaten by three accused who were later convicted under IPC sections 376(2)(g) and 342 and sentenced to ten years' rigorous imprisonment with a fine of Rs 1,000 each. The accused had already served about three and a half years when they appealed to the Supreme Court, conte…

The appellant, Dayal Das, was convicted under IPC sections 304(Part‑II) and 328 and Rajasthan Excise Act s.54‑A for the death of Lal Chand, who allegedly died after consuming illicit liquor at the appellant's soda‑lemon shop. The sole evidence linking the appellant was the statement of PW‑12, who said he saw Lal Chand …

The case involved the murder of money‑lender RL and his wife during a robbery of their house‑cum‑shop, where the accused A‑1 (Gordhan Lal), A‑2 (Bharat Kumar) and A‑3 (Ramesh) were convicted of murder, robbery and related offences. The prosecution relied on a chain of circumstantial evidence, including blood‑stained cl…

The appellant, Manish Yadav, was charged under the IPC for rape, assault and criminal intimidation and under the SC/ST Act for caste-based atrocities, based on allegations that he induced a consensual relationship through a false promise of marriage and later abused the complainant. The complainant’s statement under Se…

Mohd. Tahir Hussain, an under‑trial accused in multiple FIRs including rioting and the murder of an IB official, has been in custody since March 2020 and sought interim bail to contest and campaign in the 2025 Delhi Assembly elections. The Delhi High Court allowed only a custodial parole for filing his nomination, prom…

The appellants Thammaraya and Basappa were convicted for murder and concealment of dead body under Sections 302, 201 and 34 of the IPC based largely on circumstantial evidence and alleged disclosure statements that led to the recovery of certain articles. The prosecution's case hinged on the recovery of a gold chain, d…

The appellants, a married couple, obtained a passport for their minor child allegedly without the husband’s genuine consent, leading the husband to file a complaint alleging forgery of his signature and cheating. The trial magistrate ordered further investigation, resulting in a supplementary charge‑sheet that added of…

Pooja Pal, the widow of slain MLA Raju Pal, alleged that the state police and administration were complicit or indifferent in the murder of her husband and sought a fresh investigation by the Central Bureau of Investigation (CBI). The High Court dismissed her writ petition, but the Supreme Court held that when an inves…

The Supreme Court examined whether the Board of Control for Cricket in India (BCCI) is a "State" under Article 12 and concluded that, although it is not, it performs public functions and is therefore amenable to writ jurisdiction under Article 226. The Court upheld the Probe Committee’s findings that Gurunath Meiyappan…

The original plaintiff filed a suit for specific performance of an oral sale agreement dated 12‑02‑1986 concerning a property that the owner subsequently sold to defendants No.2 and No.3 on 29‑08‑1986. The trial court granted the decree in favour of the plaintiff, but the first appellate court set aside the decree, hol…

Pawan Kumar was convicted of murder and attempt to murder (IPC ss.302, 307 read with s.34) and sentenced to life imprisonment and seven years rigorous imprisonment. He contended that he was a juvenile at the time of the offence (01‑12‑1995) and sought the benefit of the Juvenile Justice Act. The trial court and High Co…

The Supreme Court upheld the convictions of Harpal Singh @ Chhota and co‑accused for kidnapping, abduction for ransom and conspiracy under IPC §§ 364A, 395, 412, 471, 1208 and Arms Act § 25. The Court found the victim’s testimony – recorded under §§ 161 and 164 Cr.P.C. and reiterated at trial – to be truthful and suffi…

The appellant Subhasish Mondal was convicted of murdering his elder brother and mother in Kharagpur, allegedly motivated by a grievance over a job given to his brother after their father's death. The prosecution relied on circumstantial evidence, including the victim's injuries, the presence of a silver chain belonging…

The appellant, the divorced wife of the first accused, challenged summons issued against her in a case under Section 420 read with Section 34 IPC. The police investigation had filed a refer report stating that the complaint was not proved, and the complainant testified that only the husband had been entrusted with mone…

Senior advocate R.K. Anand was held guilty of contempt for attempting to suborn a court witness in a criminal trial where he represented the accused. The Delhi High Court punished him with a four‑month ban from appearing before the High Court, a fine of Rs 2,000 and recommended that he be stripped of his senior‑advocat…

The case arose from a violent clash between two rival families over a land dispute, which culminated in the murder of Gurdial Singh and injuries to several others. Eight persons, armed with guns and gandasas, assembled and attacked the victims; three of the accused died during trial, leaving five to stand trial. The tr…

The appellant Surinder Kumar was convicted under Sections 304B and 498A of the IPC for the death of his wife, Kiran Bala, who suffered 90% burn injuries and gave a dying declaration blaming him for dowry demands. The appellant challenged the admissibility of the declaration, arguing that his wife was too injured to mak…

The appellant, Kunjumon, entered a house with a common intention to commit robbery, threatened an 11‑year‑old girl and subsequently dragged a 90‑year‑old woman from her cot, beating her on the head with a wall clock, leading to her death. He was convicted by the trial court and the High Court under IPC sections 302 (mu…

Mafabhai Motibhai Sagar was convicted of murder and related offences and sentenced to life imprisonment. After the Supreme Court directed a speedy decision on his remission application, the Gujarat Government granted remission but imposed four conditions, two of which the appellant challenged as vague and arbitrary. Th…

The appellant, who filed the FIR, was convicted along with three others for murder and related offences based on eyewitness testimony and forensic evidence. During the trial, the defence counsel admitted the genuineness of the prosecution's documents and dispensed with formal proof, invoking Section 294 of the CrPC. Th…

The appellant, Mohd. Firoz, was convicted of rape and related offences under Sections 376(2)(i), 376(2)(m) and 376A of the IPC and Sections 5(i), 5(m) read with 6 of the POCSO Act, and was sentenced to life imprisonment (with the qualification ‘remainder of his natural life’) for the IPC offences and 20 years for the 3…

The appellant, mother of a 12‑year‑old girl, alleged that her brother‑in‑law sexually assaulted the child, causing severe trauma and a decline in academic performance. An FIR was filed under IPC sections 354 and 354A and POCSO Act sections 7, 8, 9 and 11. The Sessions Court denied anticipatory bail to the accused, but …

The case arose from the murder of journalist Gauri Lankesh, investigated under the Karnataka Control of Organised Crimes Act, 2000 (KCOCA). The Commissioner of Police granted prior approval under Section 24(1)(a) to invoke Section 3 of KCOCA against several accused, including Mohan Nayak, based on material indicating o…

The appellant Prem Shankar Prasad filed an FIR against respondent No.2 for offences under sections 406, 407, 468 and 506 IPC. An arrest warrant was issued, the accused absconded and a proclamation under s.82 CrPC was made, followed by proceedings under s.82‑83. The trial court dismissed the accused's anticipatory bail …

The complainant alleged that a property inherited from her father was fraudulently transferred to her brother through a forged will and deed, and that the brother subsequently executed a lease to accused No.4, who sub‑leased it to HPCL. The complaint also implicated several other parties, but the High Court quashed the…

The appellant, Surinder Kumar, was accused of setting fire to his lover Kamlesh Rani, who later died from severe burns. The sole evidence against him was a dying declaration recorded by an executive magistrate at a hospital, which alleged that Kumar had poured kerosene on her and set her ablaze. The trial court rejecte…

The case arose from a violent clash over disputed land in Jind, where several accused, armed with pistols, lathis and other weapons, assembled and attacked a group of persons, resulting in the death of Krishan and injuries to others. The trial court convicted the appellants under Sections 302, 307, 323, 324, 148, 449 I…

The case arose from an altercation between two families in Jahangir Puri, Delhi, after which Babu Ram (non‑appellant) fetched a licensed gun and fired indiscriminately from a roof, killing two persons and injuring twenty‑six others. The appellants – Sunil, Shri Krishan and Ravinder – were convicted under Sections 302 a…

The Foreign Exchange Management Act, 1999 (FEMA) repealed the Foreign Exchange Regulation Act, 1973 (FERA) but saved prosecutions for offences under sections 56 and 57 of FERA if cognizance was taken within two years of FEMA's commencement. An Enforcement Officer appointed under FERA filed a complaint on 11 February 20…

The case concerned the kidnapping and murder of 15‑year‑old Ajit Pal, for which three relatives – Rajesh Yadav, Raja Yadav and Om Prakash Yadav – were convicted and sentenced to death (two of them) and life imprisonment based largely on circumstantial evidence and confessions recorded before they were formally accused.…

The appellant Kala Singh and co-accused were involved in a sudden fight with the deceased, Shamber Singh, after a quarrel over a stolen pigeon while intoxicated. The co-accused struck the deceased on the head with a rod, causing death, after which the body was disposed of in a canal. The trial court convicted them unde…

The case involved Dalbir Singh, a constable of the CRPF, who was convicted in a criminal trial for firing his service weapon, leading to his dismissal from service. He was later acquitted by the High Court, reinstated, and subsequently faced a fresh departmental charge sheet alleging misuse of his service rifle in 1993…

The respondents were convicted under Sections 466, 467, 468, 471 and 120B of the Indian Penal Code for forging documents to appropriate property. The trial court sentenced them to imprisonment ranging from one to three years. The High Court reduced each sentence to the period already served, relying on the respondents'…

The appellant, Suresh Sakharam Nangare, was convicted along with his co-accused for the murder of his brother-in-law, Sanjay Lokhare, who died from severe burns. The prosecution's case relied primarily on the testimony of an approver, Shabbir Fariyad Khan, who claimed the appellant only held the victim's legs after the…

The CBI investigated a scheme in which bank officials and private individuals defrauded Vijaya Bank of Rs 1.27 crore by sanctioning housing loans. K. Narayana Rao, a panel advocate for the bank, was charged as accused 6 for allegedly giving false legal opinions on ten loans. The High Court, invoking Section 482 of the …

The appellant, Pramod Suryabhan Pawar, sought to quash a First Information Report (FIR) filed under Sections 376, 417, 504, 506(2) of the IPC and Sections 3(1)(u), (w) and 3(2)(vii) of the SC/ST Act, alleging that the allegations were based on a false promise to marry and on WhatsApp messages sent before the relevant p…

The case involved the murder of Chander Bhan, an election agent of a losing candidate, allegedly killed by supporters of the same candidate to frame the winning candidate in a false case. The prosecution relied on circumstantial evidence, including an extra‑judicial confession, forensic recovery of a gun and pellets, a…

Lt. Col. Prasad Shrikant Purohit, a serving Army officer, was accused of conspiring with others to plant a bomb in Malegaon in 2008, resulting in six deaths. The case was investigated first by the Anti‑Terrorist Squad (ATS) and later by the National Investigation Agency (NIA), leading to divergent charge‑sheets, with t…

The case arose from the killing of nine persons and injuries to many villagers in Netai, West Bengal, where the CBI investigated and filed a charge sheet against 21 accused, some of whom were absconders. After the charge sheet, several proclaimed offenders were arrested and the CBI sought police remand under Section 16…

The appellants were convicted under Sections 302 and 364A of the IPC for kidnapping a 16‑year‑old boy, demanding a Rs 50 lakh ransom and murdering him, and were sentenced to death. They challenged the constitutionality of Section 364A on the ground that its mandatory death or life imprisonment provision was disproporti…

The case concerned the murder of Bhavna Tripathi, the daughter‑in‑law of accused No.1 (Shashi Tripathi), who was alleged to have hired contract killers (accused Nos.2 and 4) to kill her over a domestic dispute. The sole eyewitness, a 13‑year‑old servant (PW‑21), identified the accused and described how accused No.4 cau…

The petitioner, Manjeet Singh Khera, sought a court order directing the prosecution to produce the original complaint filed with the Anti‑Corruption Bureau that had initiated the investigation leading to an FIR and charge‑sheet under the Prevention of Corruption Act, 1988 and IPC s.109. The prosecution contended that t…

The respondent, Sanjay Kumar, was convicted of raping and murdering an 18‑year‑old girl, Divya Rani, and was sentenced to death by the Sessions Court. The High Court of Allahabad commuted the death sentence to life imprisonment, holding that the case did not fall within the "rarest of rare" category. The State of Uttar…

The appellant, a police constable, was summoned to the Senior Superintendent's office and allegedly detained illegally for six days during which he suffered severe genital mutilation and other injuries, as confirmed by medical reports. His wife complained to the police seeking registration of an FIR against the officia…

The case concerned allegations that the Superintendent of a women’s protection home in Patna administered intoxicating substances to inmates and facilitated their sexual exploitation. The accused, respondent No.2, was granted bail by the Patna High Court despite the victim not being notified, contrary to Section 15A(3)…

The State filed a criminal appeal against the discharge of K.N. Nehru, a former minister, and his wife under the Prevention of Corruption Act, 1988. The FIR alleged that they had amassed assets disproportionate to their known income, with the investigation also focusing on the income and assets of their son, Arun. Whil…

The appeal concerned the interpretation of Section 2(d) of the Protection of Children from Sexual Offences (POCSO) Act, 2012, where the appellant, a mentally retarded adult, argued that "age" should include mental age so that she could be treated as a child. The Court examined the POCSO Act's objects and reasons, its d…

The appellants, directors of Mukka Welfare Society, were summoned in a criminal complaint alleging breach of trust and cheating in respect of a 1996 sale of society land. The complainant, not a member of the society, filed the complaint more than a decade after the deeds were executed, despite an earlier police investi…

The appellant was charged with misappropriation of funds under the National Rural Employment Programme (NREP) for offences under several IPC sections and the Prevention of Corruption Act, 1947. After a protracted investigation, he was convicted in 2004 and sentenced to two and a half years' rigorous imprisonment, which…

The appellant, a Sub‑Inspector, married a woman (the second wife) by concealing that he was already married, collected money from her family and threatened them. The second wife filed a complaint alleging offences under Sections 494, 495, 417, 420 and 498A IPC. The High Court quashed the complaint under Section 498A, h…

Narinder Kumar was charged with murdering Kola Ram after a heated exchange during a Baisakhi procession, where he allegedly returned with a 12‑bore gun and shot the victim. The prosecution relied on consistent testimony of four eye‑witnesses, corroborated by medical and forensic evidence linking the appellant to the sh…

The State of Punjab appealed the High Court's acquittal of Kewal Krishan, who had been convicted for murder under Section 302 IPC. The prosecution relied on circumstantial evidence: the deceased was last seen with the accused on 10‑12‑1998, the body was discovered on 12‑12‑1998, an alleged extra‑judicial confession to …

The appellant was accused of murdering his nephew after the two were last seen together at a river and later at a cashew field. The prosecution relied on the "last seen together" theory, a recovered stone alleged to be the weapon, and a motive based on alleged marital suspicions, but no direct evidence linked the appel…

The case concerns a pre‑planned terrorist attack on the police guarding the American Centre in Calcutta on 22 January 2002, which resulted in five police deaths and multiple injuries. The accused, including Md. Jamiludin Nasir and Aftab Ahmed Ansari, were convicted under the waging‑war provisions of the IPC and various…

The case concerned the alleged murder of Kusum Rani, who was burnt alive by her parents‑in‑law. The prosecution relied primarily on the victim’s dying declaration recorded by an executive magistrate and a thumb impression on the FIR, along with medical evidence of 100 % burns. The High Court acquitted the accused, hold…

The State of Rajasthan convicted Darshan Singh for murder under Section 302 IPC based on the testimony of Geeta, a deaf‑and‑dumb eyewitness, whose statement was recorded in sign language through her father who acted as interpreter. The High Court set aside the conviction, holding that the witness and the interpreter we…

The appellant, Ramesh Harijan, was charged with raping and murdering a 5‑6‑year‑old girl. The prosecution relied on the mother’s FIR, eyewitnesses who claimed to have seen the accused committing the crime, and forensic evidence of blood and semen on a recovered sheet. The trial court acquitted, citing lack of proof tha…

The appellant was convicted under the POCSO Act and sentenced by the Special Court to seven years of rigorous imprisonment. On appeal, the High Court and the Special Court altered the sentence to life imprisonment with a fine, leading the appellant to serve eleven years and eight months, exceeding the original term. Th…

The appellant was convicted under the POCSO Act and IPC for penetrative sexual assault on a four‑year‑old girl and sentenced to seven years' rigorous imprisonment. In his appeal against conviction, the High Court affirmed the conviction but, finding that the trial court had overlooked aggravated provisions, issued a sh…

The appellant, Sanjay Colaro, was convicted under Sections 279 and 304A of the IPC for causing a fatal road accident by rash driving. He was sentenced to six months' simple imprisonment and a fine, which he appealed through the criminal appellate hierarchy up to the Supreme Court. The appellant argued that, given the l…

The petitioners, Anoop Bartaria and World Trade Park Ltd., challenged an Enforcement Case Information Report (ECIR) and a prosecution complaint filed under the Prevention of Money Laundering Act, 2002 (PMLA), arguing that they lacked knowledge that the funds they received were proceeds of crime and that such knowledge …

The appellants were convicted for kidnapping, ransom, and murder of an 18‑year‑old victim, and were sentenced by the trial court to life imprisonment without remission for 30 years, a sentence affirmed by the Delhi High Court. The Supreme Court examined whether a trial court can impose a "special" or fixed‑term sentenc…

The appellants, Dakkata Balaram Reddy and Chinapana Gopi, were convicted for the murder of Vetcha Kesava Rao's son and wife and for robbery of gold ornaments and cash, based largely on circumstantial evidence and the recovery of stolen property from their possession. The prosecution presented testimony of three indepen…

The deceased Sushila, married to Devender Singh, went missing six months after her marriage and her body was later recovered from a river. The prosecution alleged that she was subjected to dowry harassment, including a demand for Rs.2 lakh or a house, and that she died from injuries before falling into the river, const…

The respondent, Rajendra D. Harmalkar, was appointed as a casual employee of Indian Oil Corporation Ltd. and later secured a regular position by submitting a forged Secondary School Leaving Certificate (SSLC). After a vigilance complaint and verification by the Karnataka Secondary Education Board revealed the certifica…

The case arose from a night-time religious procession at a temple where nine accused allegedly attacked the deceased Rajesh and the complainant Vinod (PW2), leading to Rajesh's death. One of the accused, A-2, was found dead hanging from a tree the next day, and the remaining eight were charged under IPC sections 143, 1…

The appellants were convicted for murder under Section 302 read with Section 149 of the IPC for attacking the complainant's family with weapons, injuring them and preventing medical treatment, which led to the death of the complainant's brother. The FIR listed only five names but expressly mentioned that seven other pe…

The appellant, Santosh Pawar, was convicted of murdering his wife by pouring kerosene on her and setting her ablaze after suspecting infidelity. The prosecution relied on the victim's dying declaration, corroborating testimony of relatives and neighbours, and a post‑mortem report showing death from 60% burns. The appel…

The State of Karnataka charged eight persons with robbery and dacoity under Section 397 read with Section 120‑B IPC, alleging they conspired and used deadly weapons on a KSRTC bus. The trial court acquitted all accused, finding the prosecution failed to prove conspiracy and the identification of the accused was unrelia…

The appellant Fahim Khan and two others were accused of murdering Sagir Hasan Siddique. The trial court acquitted them, but the High Court set aside the acquittal, finding the trial court's judgment perverse and convicting the appellant. On appeal, the Supreme Court examined whether the High Court could interfere with …

The Central Bureau of Investigation (CBI) appealed against the Andhra Pradesh High Court’s order granting bail to S. Gopalakrishnan (external auditor) and V.S. Prabhakara Gupta (internal auditor) in the massive Satyam corporate fraud case. The Supreme Court examined whether the bail was justified given the accused’s al…

The appellant Sudam Prabhakar Achat was convicted under Section 302 read with Section 34 IPC for the death of his cousin Motiram Deoram Achat, based on testimony of relatives who witnessed a quarrel in which the appellant, armed with a stick, and a co‑accused, armed with the blunt side of an axe, assaulted the deceased…

The case arose from a large-scale riot in Vadod village where over a thousand people clashed, resulting in police firing and a stampede. Seven persons, including the appellants, were arrested on the spot and named in the FIR, while a total of nineteen were tried. The trial court acquitted all accused due to lack of spe…

The appellant, Nagaraj Reddy, was convicted of murder and attempt to murder under Sections 302 and 341 IPC based primarily on the testimony of his deceased brother, PW‑1, an interested witness who admitted prior enmity between the parties. The trial court and High Court upheld the conviction despite the lack of any eye…

The petitioner, Sundar, was convicted of kidnapping and murdering a seven‑year‑old child and sentenced to death by the trial court, a decision affirmed by the High Court and the Supreme Court. He filed a review petition alleging errors in the evidence, especially the admissibility of call‑detail records (CDRs) without …

The appellant, an editor, published a news report disclosing the name of a 16‑year‑old girl who was a victim of sexual harassment, leading to a complaint under Section 23 of the Protection of Children from Sexual Offences Act (POCSO). The police investigated, filed a charge‑sheet and the Special Court took cognizance, …

The State of Uttar Pradesh charged Om Pal and two others with murder under Sections 302 and 34 IPC for the death of Mahipal on 25‑03‑1993. The trial court convicted them based primarily on the testimony of the complainant (PW‑1) and two eyewitnesses (PW‑2 and PW‑3). On appeal, the Allahabad High Court acquitted the acc…

The respondent company borrowed Rs 900 lakhs from a consortium led by State Bank of Travancore (SBT). SBT assigned the debt to Kotak Mahindra Bank on 29‑03‑2006 but failed to inform the borrower. Unaware of this, the borrower later assigned a separate debt to Kotak and discovered the earlier assignment only when Kotak …

The Supreme Court reviewed a series of criminal appeals arising from the 1993 Bombay serial blasts, all tried under the Terrorist and Disruptive Activities (Prevention) Act, 1987 (TADA). The appeals concerned convictions for offences such as unauthorised possession of arms and explosives (s.3(3), s.5, s.6 TADA), conspi…

On March 12, 1993, a series of 12 bomb explosions occurred in Bombay, killing 257 people and injuring 713, with property damage worth Rs. 27 crores. The conspiracy was hatched by Tiger Memon and Dawood Ibrahim, with Yakub Abdul Razak Memon (A-1) playing a key role. The Designated Court convicted 100 accused, sentencing…

The Supreme Court of India disposed of multiple appeals arising from the 1993 Bombay serial bomb blasts, which killed 257 people and injured 713. The Designated Court under TADA had convicted numerous accused, sentencing most to life imprisonment. On appeal, the Supreme Court examined the evidence, including confession…

The Supreme Court of India delivered a consolidated judgment on multiple appeals arising from the 1993 Bombay serial blasts case under the Terrorist and Disruptive Activities (Prevention) Act, 1987 (TADA). The appeals challenged convictions and acquittals of various accused persons involved in the conspiracy, landing, …

The Supreme Court examined 19 appeals filed by the State of Maharashtra against acquittals in the 1993 Bombay serial bomb blast case, focusing on conspiracy charges under the Terrorist and Disruptive Activities (Prevention) Act (TADA) and the Indian Penal Code. It reiterated the limited circumstances in which an appell…

The Supreme Court examined a series of appeals arising from the Designated Court's judgments in the 1993 Bombay bomb blast case under the Terrorist and Disruptive Activities (Prevention) Act, 1987 (TADA). The Court held that confessional statements recorded under Section 15 of TADA are substantive evidence admissible a…

The appellant, M. Vijayakumar, was convicted under IPC sections 306, 342 and 365 for allegedly kidnapping and wrongfully confining the deceased, leading to the latter's suicide. The prosecution argued that the appellant’s abduction and confinement forced the victim to commit suicide, thereby satisfying the elements of …

The appellant Ram Singh was convicted under Sections 301, 302 and 307 of the Indian Penal Code for the death of his mother-in-law, based on eyewitness testimony that he fired a pistol at the informant but the bullet struck the mother. The prosecution failed to recover the alleged weapon, did not obtain a ballistic repo…

The petitioners, Ram Nath and others, challenged prosecutions under Sections 272 and 273 of the Indian Penal Code (IPC) for alleged adulteration and sale of noxious food, arguing that the Food Safety and Standards Act, 2006 (FSSA) had an overriding effect. The State of Uttar Pradesh contended that simultaneous prosecut…

The deceased Rukseena died by suicide after alleged dowry harassment, leading her brother to file an FIR against her husband, his mother, and the husband’s father‑in‑law, sister‑in‑law and brother‑in‑law. The investigating agency found no incriminating material against the three relatives and only charged the husband a…

The case arose from a partition suit (O.S. No. 388/77) where the trial court decreed shares only to plaintiffs 2 and 3, rejecting plaintiffs 4‑8. The appellant‑defendant appealed and the First Appellate Court set aside the trial decree, but the High Court restored it and, on remand, divided the property among the appel…

The appellant was convicted of raping and murdering a five‑year‑old girl, with DNA evidence and an extra‑judicial confession establishing his guilt. The trial court sentenced him to death for murder and life imprisonment for rape, a sentence confirmed by the High Court. The Supreme Court examined whether the death pena…

In March 1994 a group of caste Hindus attacked the hut of Murugaiyan, the father‑in‑law of PW1, setting it alight and assaulting him with sickles, resulting in his death. The prosecution relied on the testimony of PW1, PW2, PW3 and PW5, along with medical evidence, to identify twenty‑four accused; the trial court convi…

Zenith Infotech Ltd filed a reference under the Sick Industrial Companies (Special Provisions) Act, 1985 before the Board for Industrial and Financial Reconstruction (BIFR). The Registrar of the Board refused to register the reference on the ground that the company was not an "industrial company" within the meaning of …

The State of Andhra Pradesh (appellant) challenged a civil suit filed by Mis. Star Bone Mill & Fertiliser Co. (respondent) seeking declaration of title over a 3.525‑acre land. The respondent relied on a registered sale deed dated 11‑Nov‑1959 executed by M/s A. Allauddin & Sons, who were merely lessees of the State sinc…

The State of Jharkhand filed an FIR alleging that Dr. Nishkant Dubey and others forcibly entered the Air Traffic Control (ATC) room at Deoghar Airport, exerted pressure on officials, and caused an unsafe take‑off, invoking Sections 336, 447 and 448 of the IPC and Sections 10 and 11A of the Aircraft Act. The High Court …

The appellant, Smt. Laxmi Das, mother of Babu Das, was charged under Section 306 read with Section 34 of the IPC for abetment of suicide of Souma Pal. The High Court upheld the charge against her, finding prima facie material that she had allegedly told the deceased she need not be alive. On appeal, the Supreme Court e…

Mushtt Rehana Begum (appellant) sought to quash a criminal complaint filed by her husband (second respondent) under Sections 494 and 495 of the IPC, alleging that she married him while a prior marriage subsisted. The dispute over her matrimonial status had already been adjudicated by the Principal Judge of the Family C…

Paul was married to Jessy and was accused of cruelty and of causing her death. The trial court initially acquitted him, but the Kerala High Court set aside the acquittal, remanded the case for further examination under Section 313 Cr.PC, and the trial court subsequently convicted him under Section 302 IPC, sentencing h…

The appellant, Dr Nallapareddy Sridhar Reddy, was originally charged under Section 498A IPC and the Dowry Prohibition Act. After the trial had proceeded, the public prosecutor filed an application under Section 216 of the CrPC to add charges of cheating (IPC ss. 406 and 420) based on an additional charge‑sheet filed in…

Ramesan was convicted under Sections 55(a) and 55(g) of the Kerala Abkari Act and sentenced to two years' imprisonment and a fine of Rs.1 lakh for each charge. He appealed the conviction, but died while the appeal was pending. The Kerala High Court held that the imprisonment portion of the sentence became unworkable du…

The case involved two violent incidents on 15 October 1998 in Kodebod, where a large group of armed men assaulted Dhanwaram, causing grievous injuries, and later beat Govind Singh to death. The trial court convicted ten of the eighteen accused under Sections 147, 148, 302/149 IPC, while acquitting eight, and the High C…

In a village in Gujarat, two rival groups clashed, resulting in a free fight in which appellant No.1 Pathubha Govindji Rathod was stabbed with a knife and subsequently fired a revolver, killing Natha Nagabhai. Both appellant No.1 and appellant No.2 Hemubha Govindji were convicted under Section 302/304 read with Section…

The Supreme Court entertained a batch of writ petitions filed under Article 32 by death‑row convicts and their families alleging that the executive had unreasonably delayed the disposal of their mercy petitions under Articles 72 and 161, and that other supervening circumstances such as mental illness, solitary confinem…

The Supreme Court examined whether disciplinary proceedings against employees of M/s Stanzen Toyotetsu India Ltd. could be stayed pending the criminal trial arising from the same incident. The Court held that there is no legal bar to conducting disciplinary and criminal proceedings simultaneously, but a stay is only ju…

Biswanath Bhatiacharya, who had been detained under COFEPOSA in the 1970s, was served a notice under Section 6(1) of the Smugglers and Foreign Exchange Manipulators (Forfeiture of Property) Act, 1976 (SAFEMA) to explain the source of his wealth, and later a forfeiture order was passed under Section 7. He challenged the…

The appellant, a retired post‑office employee, was convicted for misappropriating Rs 1,35,240 under Section 477‑A IPC read with Sections 3(1)(c) and 13(2) of the Prevention of Corruption Act, 1988. The trial court, instead of imposing a custodial sentence, released him under the Probation of Offenders Act, 1958 on a bo…

The case concerns the 1999 arson and murder of Australian missionary Graham Staines and his two sons by a mob in Orissa. The trial court convicted fourteen accused, sentencing Dara Singh (A‑1) to death and the others to life imprisonment; the High Court modified Dara Singh's sentence to life imprisonment and acquitted …

The appellant, Sunny @ Santosh Dharmu Bhosale, was convicted under Section 302 IPC for the death of Gopal Bhosale, who was allegedly assaulted with a bamboo stick after a quarrel over a loan. The prosecution alleged that the appellant abused the householder and his wife, was confronted by the deceased, and subsequently…

The case arose from allegations that a piece of evidence (an underwear) seized in a 1990 NDPS case was tampered with after being released from judicial custody, leading to the conviction of an Australian national being set aside and a subsequent FIR being lodged against court staff and a junior lawyer for conspiracy an…

The appellant was charged under Sections 376(2)(n) and 506 of the IPC for an alleged forceful sexual relationship and intimidation, based on an FIR filed in 2019. The complainant claimed the appellant had threatened her and refused to marry her after a consensual relationship that began in 2017. The High Court rejected…

The appellant, a Vice President of Purchases at Shakti Bhog Foods Ltd., was arrested under the fourth supplementary complaint filed under Sections 44 and 45 of the Prevention of Money Laundering Act, 2002 (PMLA) for alleged money‑laundering offences linked to a bank fraud investigated under the Prevention of Corruption…

The Supreme Court examined applications for anticipatory bail filed by the husband and his family in a matrimonial cruelty case where the FIR was lodged in Rajasthan but the bail applications were made in Karnataka. The Court considered whether a High Court or Court of Session can grant anticipatory bail for an FIR out…

The State of Rajasthan prosecuted Ramesh for the death of his daughter Sheela, alleging that he slapped her, took her inside the house and caused her death by strangulation and throttling. The defence claimed the death was a suicide by hanging. The trial court convicted Ramesh under Sections 302 and 201 IPC, but the Hi…

The appellant, a wife, filed an application under Section 12 of the Protection of Women from Domestic Violence Act, 2005 seeking seizure of her stridhan held by her husband after they were judicially separated. The trial court, Sessions Court and High Court dismissed the application on the grounds that she was no longe…

The Supreme Court examined an appeal by Tamil Nadu Mercantile Bank Ltd. against the Madras High Court's order quashing criminal proceedings under Section 482 of the CrPC against five non‑bank accused in a fraud case involving Rs 2.51 crore. The FIR and charge‑sheet alleged that the accused, in collusion with bank offic…

Six persons, including appellants Sandeep and Narender, were convicted of murder, attempt to murder, rioting and other offences for the killings of Ranbir, Simla, Seema and a child, Rahul. The trial court sentenced the appellants to death and the others to life imprisonment; the High Court affirmed the death sentences.…

The Supreme Court examined an appeal against the grant of regular bail to the accused (Respondent No.1) in a murder case involving sections 109, 120B, 201, 302, 450 and 454 IPC. After the bail was granted, key witnesses – the mother, sister and father of the deceased – turned hostile within twenty days, raising concern…

The respondent, convicted of multiple serious offences including rape and assault, applied for furlough under the Bombay Furlough and Parole Rules. The Director General of Police (DGP) rejected the application, citing the respondent's criminal conduct, threats to witnesses, illegal activities in jail, and the risk to p…

The appellant Jaswant Singh was named in an FIR for alleged cheating and breach of trust under Sections 406 and 420 IPC, arising from a dispute over a promised job placement in Italy. The complainant later settled the matter with the main accused Gurmeet Singh, and the offence against him was compounded, but the procee…

Mohan Singh was murdered on 26 June 1982; his head was severed and the crime was witnessed by his daughter (a child) and his father. The trial court convicted six accused under Sections 302 and 149 of the IPC, but the Allahabad High Court later acquitted them, citing alleged delays in FIR dispatch, defects in the inque…

The case arose from the murder of Balbir Singh on 21‑12‑1993, alleged to have been committed by Sheeshpal and his associates in a pre‑planned conspiracy. The trial court convicted the accused under Sections 302, 149 and 120B IPC, sentencing them to life imprisonment. On appeal, the High Court acquitted all accused, hol…

The Supreme Court examined the convictions of three accused (A1‑Pratham, A2‑Pancho and A3‑Gajraj) for murder and robbery of a tractor owner. The prosecution’s case hinged on an extra‑judicial confession made by A1, five months after the incident, to a villager with no close relationship, and on the belated recovery of …

The case concerned a rice mill that consumed electricity beyond its contracted load, leading the Executive Engineer to issue a provisional assessment under Section 126 of the Electricity Act, 2003. The mill challenged the assessment and the accompanying notice of "unauthorised use" before the High Court, arguing lack o…

The appellants were accused of murdering the chairman of a bank, with the prosecution alleging that they were hired by co‑accused to carry out the attack. The trial court convicted the appellants based on a chain of circumstantial evidence, including a blood‑stained loan application, knives recovered at the appellants'…

Iridium India Telecom Ltd. filed a criminal complaint alleging cheating by Motorola Inc. (respondent No.1) for misleading investors about the Iridium satellite system. The Bombay High Court, invoking Article 227 and Section 482 of the CrPC, quashed the magistrate's process, holding that a corporation cannot possess the…

The Supreme Court examined criminal appeals filed in the name of Bhagwan Singh, who alleged that his son‑in‑law and daughter had fabricated vakalatnamas, affidavits and other documents to lodge a Special Leave Petition and related proceedings without his knowledge, thereby attempting to falsely implicate Ajay Katara, a…

The deceased, Neelam, died from extensive burn injuries within seven years of her marriage to the son of the appellants, who were her father‑in‑law and mother‑in‑law. The prosecution alleged that the accused demanded a motorcycle and Rs 50,000 as dowry and threatened her, invoking the presumption of dowry death under S…