Code of Criminal Procedure, 1973

The appellant, MD Sukur Ali, challenged a conviction upheld by the Gauhati High Court, which had been decided in his absence because his newly appointed counsel, B. Sinha, did not appear due to a listing error. The Supreme Court examined whether a criminal case can be decided against an accused when counsel is absent a…

The Additional Sessions Judge convicted Narayan Dutt, Manjit Singh and Prem Kumar for murder under the IPC and sentenced them to life imprisonment. While their appeals were pending before the High Court, they filed petitions under Article 161 of the Constitution seeking pardon from the Governor of Punjab, who granted i…

The appellants, parents of a man who had a relationship with a woman, sought to quash the chargesheet filed against them under Section 482 of the CrPC, alleging that the High Court erred in rejecting their petition. The complainant claimed the parents had assured her of marriage to their son, leading to an intimate rel…

The Central Bureau of Investigation (CBI) filed a chargesheet on 15 October 2022 against 75 persons, including Kapil Wadhawan and Dheeraj Wadhawan, for alleged conspiracy, fraud and corruption involving DHFL. The respondents applied for default bail under the proviso to Section 167(2) of the CrPC, arguing that the char…

The appellant, Talat Sanvi, was granted anticipatory bail by the High Court on the condition that he deposit interim victim compensation. The appellant challenged this condition, arguing that it contravenes Section 357 of the Code of Criminal Procedure, 1973. The Supreme Court examined the provisions of Section 357, no…

The case concerned the murder of Narayan in 1985, for which Munna Lal, Sheo Lal and Babu Ram were convicted under section 302 IPC based largely on the oral testimony of two eye‑witnesses, PW‑2 (Ram Vilas) and PW‑3 (Hemraj), and medical evidence. The Supreme Court examined the credibility of these witnesses, noting PW‑2…

The appellant purchased a plot by a registered sale deed in 1994. The father of the second respondent died in 1997, and the respondent filed a civil suit in 2008 seeking cancellation of the deed, alleging fraud but not forgery. In 2012 the respondent filed a criminal complaint alleging forgery and impersonation under I…

The State of Kerala prosecuted several accused for possession of large quantities of hashish oil, a commercial quantity under the NDPS Act. The High Court granted post‑arrest bail to the accused without recording the mandatory findings required by Section 37 of the NDPS Act. The State appealed, arguing that bail could …

Rameshbhai Chandubhai Rathod, a 27‑year‑old watchman, was convicted of raping and murdering a ten‑year‑old girl residing in the building where he worked. The trial court sentenced him to death under Section 302 IPC, a decision affirmed by the Gujarat High Court as a "rarest of rare" case. On appeal before a two‑judge S…

The Supreme Court examined the constitutional validity of Section 45(1) of the Prevention of Money Laundering Act, 2002, which imposes two additional conditions for granting bail when the offence involves a scheduled offence punishable with imprisonment of more than three years under Part A of the Schedule. The Court h…

The appellant challenged a High Court order that, on the ground of his contradictory statements in a civil suit, directed the Registrar to file a criminal complaint under Section 340 of the Code of Criminal Procedure (CrPC) for offences under Sections 199 and 200 of the Indian Penal Code (IPC). The Supreme Court examin…

The Supreme Court considered appeals by Sanjay Chandra and 16 co‑accused who were denied bail by the Special CBI Judge and the Delhi High Court in a telecom‑licence fraud case involving alleged loss of billions to the State. The appellants argued that the investigation was complete, the charge‑sheet filed, and there wa…

Gian Singh was convicted under IPC Sections 420 (cheating) and 120B (criminal conspiracy). While his appeal was pending, he sought to compound the offences and filed a petition under CrPC Section 482 to quash the FIR, which the High Court dismissed. The Supreme Court examined whether a non‑compoundable offence such as …

The Supreme Court heard a Special Leave Petition (CrL) No. 6568 of 2009 filed by Manoj Yadav against Pushpa @ Kiran Yadav concerning the grant of maintenance under Section 125 of the Code of Criminal Procedure (CrPC). The issue arose because several states (Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Rajasthan, Tripura and Uttar Prad…

The Supreme Court examined whether a magistrate's order to issue summons is an interlocutory or intermediate order and whether it can be challenged under Section 397 of the CrPC. It held that such an order is intermediate/quasi‑final and therefore revisable under Section 397 (and also under the inherent jurisdiction of…

The appellant, Fuleshwar Gope, was alleged to be a director of a company used to collect funds for the People’s Liberation Front of India and was charged under the Unlawful Activities (Prevention) Act (UAPA). He challenged the sanction order, arguing violations of statutory timelines, lack of independent review, misjoi…

Parveen Kumar was married to Raksha Devi, who filed multiple complaints alleging cruelty, including an FIR under Section 498-A and a maintenance petition under Section 125 CrPC. Within two years of marriage, she died by ingesting aluminum phosphide tablets, and her brother lodged an FIR accusing the husband of cruelty …

The appellants were arrested under the Gujarat Control of Terrorism and Organised Crime Act, 2015 and the Special Court extended their judicial custody beyond 90 days to 180 days on the basis of reports from the Public Prosecutor, without producing the accused physically or virtually and without informing them of the a…

Navika Kumar, the anchor of a Times Now debate aired on 26 May 2022, faced multiple FIRs and criminal complaints in various states. She filed a writ petition under Article 32 seeking quashing of the FIRs, their transfer to the IFSO unit of Delhi Police, a stay on any coercive action, and the clubbing of the cases. The …

The appellant filed an FIR alleging that his son was brutally murdered in broad daylight by a group of seven assailants, resulting in eight grievous injuries. One of the accused, respondent No.2, was granted bail by the Allahabad High Court on the ground of parity with other co‑accused who had also been released on bai…

The appellant paid Rs.3,50,000 as advance for the purchase of a house, later discovering the respondent had no title to sell it. The respondent issued a cheque for Rs.1,50,000 to return part of the advance, which was dishonoured, leading the appellant to file a complaint under Section 138 of the Negotiable Instruments …

The Supreme Court examined whether a Chief Judicial Magistrate (CJM) in non‑metropolitan areas could entertain a secured creditor's application under Section 14 of the Securitisation and Reconstruction of Financial Assets and Enforcement of Security Interest Act, 2002 (SARFAESI Act) for taking possession of secured ass…

S.P.S. Rathore, a senior police officer, was convicted under Section 354 IPC for molesting a minor girl, Ruchika, after she was forced into his office and embraced against her will. The prosecution relied primarily on the testimony of a single eye‑witness, PW‑13 (Aradhana), whose account was corroborated by other witne…

The appellant Dhal Singh Dewangan was accused of murdering his wife and five daughters. The prosecution relied on statements of village witnesses (PWs 1,2,3,5) that they heard the appellant’s mother (PW‑6) accuse him, and on circumstantial evidence such as the presence of a blood‑stained knife and the appellant’s uncon…

The appellant, Ranjit Sarkar, was convicted of murder under Section 302 IPC for delivering a single blow with a wooden file to the head of the deceased, Anil Das, who later died from head injuries. The prosecution alleged multiple injuries, while the defence argued that only one blow caused the death, making it culpabl…

The Supreme Court examined petitions filed by the People's Union for Civil Liberties challenging the authenticity of nearly 99 police encounters in Mumbai between 1995 and 1997, which resulted in about 135 deaths. The Court was asked to direct the State of Maharashtra to investigate these encounters, register FIRs, and…

The appellant, S. Mahaboob Basha, was convicted under Section 498A IPC for subjecting his wife, PW‑1, to cruelty and dowry harassment, along with other offences. The prosecution presented testimony of the wife, her brother, and mother, and documentary evidence establishing repeated ill‑treatment and unlawful dowry dema…

The deceased Rajni died from severe burns after kerosene oil was poured on her and she was set alight. Her dying declaration named her husband Mahender Singh, her brother‑in‑law Prem Kumar Gulati and his wife Simla as participants, but did not specify who actually poured the oil or lit the fire. The trial court and Hig…

The appellant, a District Excise Officer, was charged with cheating for allegedly facilitating the replacement of a partnership deed dated 5‑Mar‑2002 with a forged deed dated 6‑Mar‑2003, thereby depriving the complainant of his share in an excise liquor contract. The complainant filed a criminal complaint under IPC sec…

A.B. Bhaskara Rao, a railway head clerk, demanded and accepted Rs 200 as illegal gratification for a transfer order on 14 Nov 1997 and was charged under Sections 7 and 13(1)(d)(ii) read with Section 13(2) of the Prevention of Corruption Act, 1988. He was convicted by a Special Judge and sentenced to six months rigorous…

The appellant, Sadhwi Pragnya Singh Thakur, was alleged to have been arrested on 10 October 2008 in connection with the Malegaon bomb blast and claimed that she was not produced before a magistrate within 24 hours, violating Article 22(1) and 22(2) of the Constitution, and that the charge‑sheet was filed after the 90‑d…

The appellant, Shajan Skaria, an online news editor, published a YouTube video alleging misconduct by the complainant, an MLA belonging to a Scheduled Caste. The complainant filed a complaint under Sections 3(1)(r) and 3(1)(u) of the Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes (Prevention of Atrocities) Act, 1989, and the Sp…

The appeals challenge the Special Judge’s order on charge (24‑12‑2021) and charge‑framing order (03‑03‑2022) against Karnataka Emta Coal Mines Ltd (KECML) and its former MD for alleged conspiracy to illegally sell coal washery rejects. The Court examined whether the CBI’s investigation was predicated solely on the 2013…

The complainant, a supplier of horse feed, alleged that Delhi Race Club (1940) Ltd. and its officers failed to pay Rs 9,11,434 for goods supplied and filed a private complaint invoking sections 406, 420 and 120B of the IPC. The Additional Chief Judicial Magistrate, after a magisterial inquiry under Section 202 CrPC, is…

The Supreme Court examined an appeal against a Rajasthan High Court order that granted bail to three accused in a gang‑rape case involving a 15‑year‑old girl. The FIR alleged offences under Sections 376D, 384, 506 IPC, Sections 3‑6 POCSO Act, Section 3(2)(v) SC/ST Act and Section 66 IT Act, with the complainant asserti…

The appellant, Irfan, was convicted and sentenced to death for allegedly setting fire to a room that killed his son and two brothers, based primarily on two dying declarations. The prosecution argued that the appellant had motive and that eye‑witnesses saw him pour inflammable substance and lock the door. The defence c…

The case arose from a fall of a guest from the terrace of the Hyatt Regency hotel in Delhi, leading to charges under Sections 336, 338 IPC read with Section 32 and Section 4 of the COTPA 2003 against the hotel company, its Managing Director (Shiv Kumar Jatia) and its General Manager (Aseem Kapoor). The High Court refus…

An FIR was lodged for corruption and a charge‑sheet was filed against 16 persons, while three individuals—Girish Sharma, Arvind Singh Dhruv and Jeet Ram Yadav—were recorded as witnesses under Sections 161 and 164 of the CrPC and not named as accused. Some of the accused applied under Sections 193/319 to have these thre…

Manoj Kumar Sharma, a serving Flying Officer, was accused of dowry‑related offences after his wife’s death was initially investigated as a suicide under Section 174 of the CrPC and closed with no foul play. Five years later, the deceased’s brother filed an FIR alleging murder, dowry cruelty and IPC sections 304B, 498A …

The husband and wife obtained a decree of divorce by mutual consent in 2008. The wife later filed a criminal complaint under the Protection of Women from Domestic Violence Act, 2005 alleging the divorce decree was a sham and that they continued to live together. The husband moved the trial magistrate under Section 482 …

The complainant filed Criminal Complaint No. 1828 of 2019 alleging offences under several sections of the IPC against the accused. The accused first filed a quashing petition under s.482 CrPC, which the High Court dismissed. Six months later they filed a second quashing petition on the same grounds, and the High Court …

A.S. Pharma Pvt. Ltd. filed a complaint under Section 138 of the Negotiable Instruments Act, 1881 against Nayati Medical Pvt. Ltd. The respondents offered to settle and applied to compound the offence under Section 320 of the Cr.P.C., but the trial court dismissed the application. The Delhi High Court then exercised it…

The appellant was granted regular bail by a Special Court on 17 June 2023 in a PMLA case, after which the Enforcement Directorate sought cancellation of bail under Section 439(2) of the CrPC. The Delhi High Court, without hearing the appellant’s counsel, issued an ex‑parte interim stay of the bail order on 23 June 2023…

Prakash Gupta, a director of Ideal Hotels & Industries Ltd, was prosecuted by SEBI for alleged price rigging and insider trading during the company's 1995 IPO. Gupta applied to have the offence under Section 24 of the SEBI Act compounded under Section 24A, but the trial judge and the Delhi High Court rejected the appli…

Indra Devi alleged that a fraudulent land transaction involving a forged lease was carried out in collusion with municipal officials, including a clerk (Respondent No.2) who was not named in the FIR. Respondent No.2 sought protection under Section 197 of the CrPC, claiming his actions were performed in the discharge of…

The complainant Shiv Prakash Mishra alleged that five persons, including Subhash Chandra Shukla (respondent No.2), formed an unlawful assembly and attacked his brothers, resulting in the death of Sangam Lal Mishra. While the FIR named all five, the investigating officer, after examining witnesses, concluded that Subhas…

The State of Uttarakhand appealed the acquittal of Girish Singh and Jodh Singh, who were charged under Sections 304B r/w 34 and 306 r/w 34 of the IPC for the alleged dowry death of Ishwari Devi, who committed suicide by burning within seven years of marriage. The High Court convicted them, relying on unproduced letters…

The appellant, an officer of the Southern Power Distribution of Telangana Limited, filed a criminal appeal against the High Court’s order that quashed proceedings for electricity theft under the Electricity Act, 2003. The respondent had allegedly tampered with an electricity meter, leading to a loss of Rs.6.28 lakh, an…

The Supreme Court examined a public interest litigation filed by Mazdoor Kisan Shakti Sangathan challenging the repeated issuance of Section 144 orders that effectively banned all public meetings, dharnas and peaceful protests in Central Delhi, and the National Green Tribunal's order banning demonstrations at Jantar Ma…

Mohammed Zakir appealed to the Supreme Court after the Karnataka High Court used Section 362 of the Criminal Procedure Code to recall its own order dated 18‑04‑2017, deeming it "patently erroneous" and withdrawing it. The Supreme Court held that Section 362 is limited to correcting clerical or arithmetical mistakes and…

The appellants were seized at night while travelling in a jeep that contained ten bags of poppy husk (total 410 kg). They were convicted under Section 15 of the Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances Act, 1985 and sentenced to ten years of rigorous imprisonment. On appeal they argued that the prosecution failed to …

The appellant, Polamuri Chandra Sekhararao, was convicted under s.302 IPC for murdering his elder sister's son, Ravi Kishore, on 6 April 2004. The prosecution alleged that the deceased visited the appellant's house, proposed to marry the appellant's daughters, and was subsequently stabbed repeatedly with a knife (M.O.-…

The State of Bihar seized 5,923 bags of wheat from the flour mill of Arvind Kumar & Anr. after a raid based on secret information indicating diversion of subsidised food grains for black marketing. The respondents filed a writ petition seeking quashing of the FIR under the Essential Commodities Act, 1955 and release of…

The case arose from the suicide of a 21‑year‑old woman, Sunita, who alleged that the accused, Amit, had exploited her sexually after promising marriage and threatening to expose her. The trial court convicted Amit under IPC s.306 (abetment of suicide) and s.376 (rape), sentencing him to life imprisonment for the latter…

The appellant, Vinod Bihari Lal, was named as a leader of an alleged gang under the Uttar Pradesh Gangsters & Anti‑Social Activities (Prevention) Act, 1986, based on a subject FIR registered in 2018 that drew on several earlier base FIRs. He filed two applications under Section 482 of the Code of Criminal Procedure see…

Mahavir Singh and co‑accused Jagbir Singh were convicted under IPC §§302, 1208 and 201 for murdering Suraj Mal at the behest of the deceased's wife, Sudesh Rani. The prosecution relied on circumstantial evidence, including the "last seen" theory, medical testimony that the death occurred about a week before the post‑mo…

The Punjab Public Service Commission’s chairman was found to have taken bribes and manipulated the recruitment of executive, allied services and judicial officers between 1998‑2002. Consequently, the State terminated the services of all appointed officers. The High Court upheld the termination, treating the entire sele…

The case involves the murder of Ramasamy, for which 17 persons, including the appellants Paulmeli and Chockaiah, were alleged to have assembled with a common object (aruval) and inflicted multiple incised wounds, causing death. The victim's wife (PW‑1) positively identified the appellants despite claims of darkness, an…

The appellants Sudarshan and others were convicted for the murder of two persons at a holiday resort, based on an FIR that was lodged at a police station outside the incident’s jurisdiction after the complainant first consulted an advocate 15 km away. The Supreme Court examined the abnormal conduct of the complainant, …

The deceased K. Raghunath, a successful realtor and close confidant of MP D.K. Adikeshavalu, was found hanging in 2019 under mysterious circumstances, leading his wife and son to allege murder by certain relatives who were also claimants to his property. Two wills – one dated 2016 favoring the wife and another posthumo…

The appellant, a former Inspector of Police, was charged with dereliction of duty for allegedly failing to control the 1984 anti‑Sikh riots. An inquiry officer exonerated him, but the disciplinary authority disagreed and issued a punishment of reduction in rank, which the High Court set aside and directed a fresh disag…

The complainant Ramyash lodged a FIR alleging that the accused Bhupendra Singh, Moti Lal and Prahlad assaulted his family, resulting in the death of his father. The trial court convicted the accused under Sections 302, 323, 324 (with 34) and other offences, sentencing them to life imprisonment. The Allahabad High Court…

The appellant, a Manager at the Head Office of HDFC Ltd., was charged in an FIR for allegedly suppressing the fact that a mortgaged property had been acquired by the Tamil Nadu Housing Board and for cheating the purchaser at a public auction conducted in 2012. He filed a petition under Section 482 of the CrPC seeking t…

The State of Himachal Pradesh prosecuted Sanjay Kumar (A1) and Chaman Shukla (A2) for kidnapping, rape and related offences arising from the alleged abduction of a 14‑year‑old girl in March 2012. The trial court convicted both accused, but the Himachal Pradesh High Court set aside the convictions, acquitting them on th…

The appellants, relatives of the husband in a matrimonial dispute, were charged in an FIR alleging they instigated dowry demands, although they lived in Hyderabad while the complainant resided in Guntur. The complainant had earlier withdrawn a restitution of conjugal rights case and later filed a police complaint after…

The Supreme Court examined whether the Kerala High Court erred in quashing five FIRs filed under the Protection of Children from Sexual Offences (POCSO) Act against a computer teacher accused of inappropriate conduct with female students. The allegations included holding students' hands while using a mouse, asking inva…

The appellant, Puran Chand, was convicted under Section 376 IPC for raping a 17‑year‑old girl who later attempted suicide. He appealed, claiming false implication due to enmity, a 20‑day delay in filing the FIR, and that the medical report showing an intact hymen created reasonable doubt. The Supreme Court held that th…

Advocate Anjani Kumar Chaudhary was assaulted by a group demanding money for a Holi celebration; the assailants used lathis, rods, and sharp weapons, threatened to kill him, and inflicted multiple injuries. An FIR was lodged charging several offences including Section 307 IPC (attempt to murder). The Sessions Court, an…

The appellant was first prosecuted under Section 138 of the Negotiable Instruments Act for issuing a dishonoured cheque and was convicted, later acquitted on appeal, with the appeal still pending. Subsequently, the same complainant filed an FIR under Sections 406, 420 and 114 of the Indian Penal Code alleging criminal …

The case concerns the murder of Suhas on 5 July 2011, for which three accused—Netaji Achyut Shinde (A‑1), Samadhan Shinde (A‑2) and Balasaheb Shinde (A‑3)—were charged under Section 302 read with Section 34 IPC. A telephonic intimation at 17:45 was treated by the trial court as the FIR, leading to the conviction of A‑2…

Gorusu Nagaraju was convicted of murder under IPC s.302 and of concealing the offence under s.201, based primarily on circumstantial evidence linking him to the victim's death. The trial court and the Andhra Pradesh High Court both upheld the conviction, relying on seven material circumstances, including the appellant'…

Satyendra Kumar Mehra was convicted under several IPC offences and sentenced to five years rigorous imprisonment with a fine of Rs.25,000 in each of four counts. He appealed the conviction and also sought suspension of his sentence. The High Court suspended the sentence, released him on bail, but directed that he depos…

The appellants were convicted for the murder of Rameshbhai Prajapati, who was attacked with a large knife while sleeping, after the accused objected to his brother's marriage. The trial court convicted four of the five accused under Sections 302, 147, 148 and 149 IPC, acquitting one; the High Court later set aside the …

The Supreme Court examined whether the Central Government's Rule 7 of the Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes (Prevention of Atrocities) Rules, 1995 – which mandates that investigations under the SCST Act be conducted by a police officer not below the rank of Deputy Superintendent of Police – is valid, and whether th…

The State of Madhya Pradesh appealed against the High Court’s order that set aside the trial court’s decision to frame charges against three municipal officials accused of corruptly granting building and completion certificates for Sayaji Hotel. The officials were alleged to have conspired to issue a revised building p…

The State of Madhya Pradesh prosecuted Balveer Singh for the murder, concealment and conspiracy to murder his wife, relying heavily on the testimony of the 7‑year‑old daughter, Rani, as the sole eye‑witness. The High Court acquitted the accused, holding that the child’s delayed statement and residence with an inimical …

The Supreme Court examined orders issued by a Single Judge of the Madras High Court that, after disposing a petition to transfer a single land‑grabbing case, on "special mentioning" directed the transfer of 864 other cases pending in special courts to ordinary jurisdictional magistrates. The Court held that the High Co…

The Enforcement Directorate appealed a Bombay High Court order that granted default bail to respondents arrested under the Prevention of Money Laundering Act, 2002. The crux of the dispute was whether the day of remand should be counted when calculating the 60‑day (or 90‑day) period prescribed under Section 167(2)(a)(i…

The appellant filed a criminal complaint alleging cheating, forgery and offences under the SC/ST Act, which the Judicial Magistrate dismissed for lack of evidence. The appellant sought revision before the Sessions Court, which held that the appellant belonged to a Scheduled Caste, found a prima facie case and remanded …

Pankaj Jain, accused in a CBI case involving serious offences under the IPC and the Prevention of Corruption Act, was issued a non‑bailable warrant and proceedings under sections 82 and 83 of the CrPC. He voluntarily appeared before the Special Judge, CBI, and sought release on a bond under section 88 of the Code of Cr…

The appellants, armed with bombs and guns, attacked the informant's nephews, hurling bombs that caused two deaths and injuries to others. The trial court convicted several accused under Sections 302 and 149 of the IPC, Sections 3 and 4 of the Explosive Substances Act and Section 27 of the Arms Act, sentencing two to de…

The Central Bureau of Investigation filed an appeal against the Punjab and Haryana High Court’s order quashing FIR No. SIA‑2001‑E‑0006, which alleged cheating, forgery and conspiracy (IPC sections 420, 471, 120B) against Sadhu Ram Singla and others. The FIR arose from alleged fraudulent stock statements that enabled a …

The appellant, a neighbour, abducted a three‑year‑old girl from her home under the pretext of giving her biscuits, subsequently raping and murdering her. The trial court convicted him under IPC sections 364, 376, 377, 302 and 201 and imposed death for the murder, which the High Court affirmed. On appeal, the Supreme Co…

The appellant, Sonu Sardar, along with four others, entered the house of a scrap dealer, demanded money, and committed dacoity followed by the murder of five persons, including two children, using a knife, axe and iron rod. The prosecution proved the appellant's participation through the testimony of the victim's daugh…

The Supreme Court, hearing a suo motu writ petition, examined the midnight police raid on a sleeping crowd at Ramlila Maidan on 4-5 June 2011, where police used teargas, lathi charge and brick‑batting after revoking permission for a yoga camp and a fast led by Baba Ramdev. The Court found that the order under Section 1…

In a criminal revision, the revisionist failed to appear because his counsel did not note the case in the main list, leading the High Court to pass a judgment. An application was filed to recall that order on the ground that the case was not listed, and the High Court recalled the order and ordered a fresh hearing. The…

The State of Uttar Pradesh appealed to the Supreme Court under Article 136 against the Allahabad High Court’s acquittal of Guru Charan, Sunil, Pramod and Brahma Pal for the alleged murder of Ramesh Narain and Jitendra (Guddu) and the murderous assault on Nathu Singh. The trial court had convicted the accused under IPC …

The appellant, Kirpal Singh, was convicted for murdering Ram Kumar Singh after allegedly firing a gunshot during a family dispute. The trial court and High Court relied on the medical testimony confirming a homicidal death and on eyewitness accounts of the appellant's wife and son, which were corroborated by the FIR fi…

The appellants, senior employees of Juniper Networks India, were accused by a former employee of forcibly terminating her employment, confiscating her laptop, and using "filthy language" while evicting her from the premises. The complainant filed a non‑cognizable report, followed by an FIR alleging offences under secti…

The case involved the murder of a widow, Brijitha, during a robbery. Accused No.1 (the appellant) was living with the deceased and was arrested after giving a disclosure statement that led to the arrest of Accused No.2, who was later convicted of murder and robbery. The trial court acquitted Accused No.1, holding that …

The case arose from FIR 205/2015 alleging murder, attempted murder and offences under the Arms Act in a land‑dispute incident, with Resham Chand Kaler, a British national, alleged to be the kingpin. The trial court rejected his bail application, but the Punjab & Haryana High Court later granted regular bail. The compla…

The Municipal Corporation of Greater Mumbai filed a complaint under Section 354 read with Section 475A(1)(a) of the Mumbai Municipal Corporation Act against respondents for failing to repair a structurally unsafe building. The Metropolitan Magistrate dismissed the complaint on the ground of a two‑month delay, dischargi…

The complainant Priya lodged an FIR alleging that the accused Prashant Bharti had assaulted, molested, and later raped her under sections 328, 354 and 376 IPC, claiming these acts were committed on the promise of marriage. Investigation revealed mobile‑phone records disproving the presence of both parties at the allege…

The appellant, C.P. Subhash, the General Manager of SNP Ventures, filed a criminal complaint alleging that senior managers of Gorden Woodroff Ltd. forged two 1922 sale deeds to fraudulently claim title over land he possessed. An FIR was registered under IPC sections 468 and 471, but the respondents obtained a quashing …

Thana Singh, an undertrial accused of an offence under the NDPS Act, had been detained for over twelve years without trial despite repeated bail refusals. The Supreme Court examined whether such prolonged detention violated the right to speedy trial under Article 21 of the Constitution. Relying on earlier decisions tha…

The father of the deceased, Madan Lal Kapoor, filed a criminal complaint alleging his daughter Dr. Monica Thapar was poisoned, later also claiming strangulation. The trial court discharged the accused, Rajiv Thapar and others, on the basis of post‑mortem, forensic and inquest reports showing natural death due to a card…

The appellants were convicted under Sections 364, 302, 120-B and 201 of the IPC for the abduction and murder of Gurpal Singh, based largely on the testimony of an alleged eyewitness, CCTV footage, and confessional statements made to police. The Supreme Court examined the credibility of the eyewitness, noting material o…

The appellant, an Additional District and Sessions Judge, appealed to the Supreme Court seeking expungement of adverse remarks recorded by the Delhi High Court in its order dated 2 March 2023. The remarks criticized the appellant’s conduct in rejecting an anticipatory bail application and directing inquiries against po…

The case arose from a land‑dispute over a pathway between the prime accused Surjaram and the deceased Ladduram, which escalated into a violent clash on 18‑07‑1989 resulting in two deaths and several injuries. The trial courts and the High Court delivered mixed judgments, convicting some accused under Section 302 r.w. S…

The appellant challenged an FIR filed by the respondent by filing a petition under Section 482 of the Criminal Procedure Code before the High Court. The High Court, on 20 April 2021, quashed the FIR by a detailed reasoned order. On 28 April 2021, the same High Court, acting suo moto, recalled its earlier order. The app…

The appellant, a government medical officer, was charged under Section 376(2)(b) IPC, Section 420 IPC read with Section 34, and Section 3(1)(x) of the SC/ST Act after a widow nurse alleged that he had a consensual relationship and failed to marry her. The appellant sought quashing of the FIR and charge sheet under Sect…

The case involves the death of Roshni, who suffered 100% burns and gave a dying declaration to a Judicial Magistrate in hospital after a doctor certified her fitness to speak. The trial court acquitted the four accused, rejecting the dying declaration and relying on the victim's brother's testimony that the accused wer…

The appellant, a former Deputy Director of the Enforcement Directorate, alleged that respondents deliberately suppressed material facts about a mistaken Interpol notice, causing him to remain in judicial custody for 36 days. He filed a criminal contempt petition under Article 215 of the Constitution, claiming the respo…

The CBI appealed against the Delhi High Court’s order quashing a Special Judge’s grant of pardon to respondent No.2 (Abhishek Verma) under Section 306 of the CrPC, who had confessed to forging a fax message on the instructions of respondent No.1 (Ashok Kumar Aggarwal). The Supreme Court examined the scope of the court’…

The CBI filed a case against Ashok Kumar Aggarwal for possessing disproportionate assets and obtained sanction for prosecution under Section 19 of the Prevention of Corruption Act, 1988. The respondent challenged the validity of the sanction, alleging that material was not placed before the Finance Minister and that th…

The appellant, Vadlakonda Lenin, was accused of murdering his wife while she slept and fleeing the scene. The prosecution's case relied entirely on circumstantial evidence, including the appellant's history of dowry demands, a quarrel with the victim, the victim being found injured in her home, the appellant seen runni…

Three men were stopped by police while travelling in a car and, after giving consent, were searched in the presence of village panchas. Opium packets were recovered from their persons and from the vehicle, leading to conviction under Sections 8 and 18 of the NDPS Act and a ten‑year rigorous imprisonment sentence. The a…

Satish Mehra filed a criminal complaint alleging cheating and forgery in the renewal and encashment of five foreign currency non‑resident fixed deposits (FCNRFD). The trial court framed charges against two bank officials (Chief Manager and Senior Manager of Canara Bank) and against the complainant's wife and father‑in‑…

The appellants were charged under Section 138 of the Negotiable Instruments Act for dishonouring cheques. The complaint filed by the payee was not signed by the complainant but was later verified and signed on a verification statement before the magistrate. The legal issue was whether a complaint "in writing" under Sec…

Shiv Shankar Singh filed two protest petitions against the State of Bihar after two FIRs were lodged for the same incident, one alleging a dacoity and the other alleging murder for property disputes. The first petition, filed before the police final report, was deemed incompetent, while the second petition was entertai…

Bangaru Laxman appealed against the order of a Special Judge that granted pardon to an accomplice (respondent No.2) before the charge‑sheet was filed. The appellant argued that the Special Judge under the Prevention of Corruption Act, 1988 (PC Act) lacked jurisdiction to grant pardon at the investigation stage and that…

Manoj Yadav challenged a High Court order granting his wife maintenance of Rs.4,000 per month under Section 125 of the Criminal Procedure Code, contending that a Madhya Pradesh amendment capped maintenance at Rs.3,000. The Supreme Court granted the husband time to challenge the constitutional validity of the state amen…

The trial court acquitted Ms. Uma and co‑accused of murder, holding that the prosecution had not proved its case beyond reasonable doubt, particularly discounting medical evidence in the absence of an eyewitness. The State appealed, and the Madras High Court reversed the acquittal, convicting the appellants on charges …

The Income Tax Department ordered HDFC Bank to stop operation of certain lockers and accounts, but later revoked the order only for the accounts, leading bank officials to mistakenly allow a locker to be operated. The department filed a complaint and an FIR was registered against the bank and its officials for multiple…

The Central Bureau of Investigation filed a case against former Finance Minister P. Chidambaram under Sections 120B, 420 IPC and Sections 8, 13(2), 13(1)(d) of the Prevention of Corruption Act for alleged irregularities in the FIPB clearance of INX Media. After his arrest, the Delhi High Court refused regular bail, cit…

A complaint under the IPC and the Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes (Prevention of Atrocities) Act was filed against the appellant. The Chief Judicial Magistrate initially dismissed the complaint, finding no case, but the Additional Sessions Judge remanded the matter for a fresh review. On remand, the magistrate re…

The Central Bureau of Investigation (CBI) filed a Special Leave Petition seeking cancellation of bail granted to the accused, Mir Usman, in a rape case, alleging that the trial court had adjourned the victim's examination for four months after she fell ill, thereby conducting the trial piecemeal. The Supreme Court exam…

The case arose from a 2005 drug seizure in Chandigarh where the Narcotics Control Bureau (NCB) recovered heroin from a car driven by Satnam Singh and later arrested Balwinder Singh based on a confession recorded under Section 67 of the NDPS Act. The High Court had upheld both convictions, relying on the confessional st…

The Narcotics Control Bureau intercepted a vehicle traveling from Dimapur to Rampur and discovered 3.3 kg of heroin concealed under the wiper of the car. The three occupants, including Md. Nawaz Khan, were arrested; a personal search of Khan revealed no contraband, but the drug was found in the vehicle. The trial court…

The petitioners, National Alliance for People’s Movements and others, challenged the categorisation adopted by the High‑Powered Committee (HPC) of Maharashtra for granting interim bail or parole to prisoners during the Covid‑19 pandemic, alleging that the exclusion of certain categories—such as serious economic offence…

Shantanu Sitaram (also known as Anil Divekar) was convicted along with two co‑accused for the murder of his wife Supriya, whose body was found in a car with ligature marks. The prosecution proved that gold ornaments worn by the victim were recovered from a neighbour of Shantanu and that a rope, stick and knife used in …

The Supreme Court examined a dispute arising from a 1999 technology‑transfer agreement between the government‑run research institute ARCI and private firm Nimra Cerglass. Nimra alleged that ARCI made false representations about having a perfected extruded ceramic honeycomb technology, leading it to invest heavily and l…

The appellant Gajraj Singh was convicted for the murder of his brother-in-law Harish Kumar after the victim's body was discovered with a missing revolver, mobile phone and Rs.3 lakh. Investigation revealed that the victim's SIM (9871879824) was used on a handset bearing IMEI No.35136304044030, which was later used with…

The appellant lodged an FIR alleging murder and later filed a protest petition that was treated as a complaint, leading to two parallel criminal proceedings: one based on a police charge‑sheet and another on the complaint. The accused in the police case were the witnesses in the complaint case and vice‑versa, and none …

Girish Gandhi, facing 13 FIRs across six states, obtained bail in all cases but could not furnish the multiple sureties required by each bail order. He petitioned the Supreme Court under Article 32 seeking to have the personal bond and a single set of sureties, already furnished in two cases, deemed sufficient for the …

The respondent, an Iranian citizen married to an Indian national, applied for an Overseas Citizen of India (OCI) card but was denied because the authorities required her estranged husband to be present, either physically or virtually, for a personal interview. She challenged this requirement in the Delhi High Court, wh…

The appellants, the mother‑in‑law and sister‑in‑law of the deceased Sahitya, were convicted by the trial court and the Karnataka High Court for murder under Section 302 read with Section 34 of the IPC based on a prosecution theory that they conspired with alleged assailants (accused Nos. 4 and 5). The Supreme Court exa…

The Supreme Court examined whether a secured creditor under the SARFAESI Act could obtain possession of a secured asset by invoking Section 14 without first attempting possession under Section 13(4), and whether such a route would defeat the borrower's right to appeal under Section 17. It held that the creditor may dir…

The appellant, accused of insulting her sister‑in‑law's religious sentiments, was charged under Section 504 of the IPC after a complaint alleging that she dragged a deity's idol from a puja room, causing damage and intending to provoke a breach of peace. The Additional Chief Metropolitan Magistrate, applying Section 20…

The appellant, a non‑executive director of Procter & Gamble Hygiene Ltd., was summoned as an accused in a criminal complaint alleging that the company distributed expired drugs to an unlicensed dealer, violating the Drugs & Cosmetics Act, 1940. The appellant challenged the summoning order under Section 482 of the CrPC,…

The appellant Somesh Chaurasia sought cancellation of bail granted to the second respondent, who had been convicted of murder under Section 302 IPC and whose sentence was suspended under Section 389(1) CrPC. While the suspension was in force, an FIR (No. 143 of 2019) alleged that the second respondent had murdered the …

The Supreme Court examined appeals filed by the State of Uttar Pradesh challenging the High Court's grant of bail to several convicts who had been sentenced to life imprisonment for serious offences under the IPC and the Criminal Law (Amendment) Act, 2013. The central issue was whether, at the post‑conviction stage, th…

Saurabh Kumar was arrested in connection with a land‑dispute case and was produced before the Additional Chief Judicial Magistrate, who remanded him to judicial custody under an order dated 1 July 2013. The petitioner filed a writ of habeas corpus under Article 32, alleging illegal detention, police brutality and claim…

Shyam Narain Pandey, a school principal, was convicted under IPC sections 147, 148, 302/144 read with 120B and sentenced to life imprisonment. He applied for a stay of his conviction under Section 389(1) of the Code of Criminal Procedure, arguing that the conviction would deprive him of his livelihood, but the High Cou…

The appellant Ohan Singh was convicted for the death of his brother Shiv Ram, who died after being struck on the head with an iron rod during a family property dispute. The prosecution relied on Shiv Ram's dying declaration, recorded by a Head Constable after a doctor certified that he was fit to speak, which identifie…

Mannu Sao was convicted under IPC sections 302 and 201 for murdering his wife, Bimla Devi, whose body was found burnt. He claimed she had committed suicide by self‑immolation, but the post‑mortem showed death by throttling before the burns. The trial and High Courts upheld the conviction based on a chain of circumstant…

The CBI filed an FIR in 2006 alleging that a senior Cotton Purchase Officer and his associates conspired to buy cotton at market rates, hoard it, and sell it to the Cotton Corporation of India (CCI) at the higher Minimum Support Price (MSP) through benami farmers, causing an alleged loss of Rs 21.19 crore. A chargeshee…

The appellant challenged the arrest of his son, Kessireddy Raja Shekhar Reddy, alleging that the police failed to provide appropriate and meaningful grounds of arrest, thereby violating Article 22 of the Constitution. The son was arrested on 21 April 2025 by the CID in connection with offences under Sections 420, 409, …

The appellants were convicted under Sections 302, 307 and 34 of the IPC for the murder of Sukha based primarily on the testimony of the complainant and other prosecution witnesses. During bail proceedings, three eyewitnesses submitted affidavits stating that the appellants were not involved, but the investigating offic…

The Supreme Court examined a criminal appeal filed by the State of West Bengal challenging a High Court order that had set aside the conviction of an accused under the POCSO Act and IPC for raping a 14‑year‑old girl who later married him and bore a child. The Court restored the conviction for offences under Section 6 o…

The National Investigation Agency (NIA) investigated members and office bearers of the Popular Front of India (PFI) for alleged offences under the IPC and the Unlawful Activities (Prevention) Act (UAPA), including conspiracy, recruitment, and weapons training aimed at establishing an Islamic state. The respondents were…

The appellant Jose was convicted for murdering his wife by dousing her with petrol and setting her ablaze while she slept, and for attempting to murder his grandchild. The prosecution relied on the victim's dying declaration, recorded by a doctor, and a series of circumstantial facts indicating motive, opportunity, and…

The appellant Rohtash was convicted by the High Court for dowry death under Sections 304‑B and 498‑A IPC, based on alleged dowry demands of Rs.10,000 and Rs.5,000 and the claim that his wife Indro committed suicide by poison. The trial court had acquitted all accused, finding material inconsistencies in witness stateme…

The Central Bureau of Investigation (CBI) appealed against the High Court's order discharging Ramesh Chander Diwan of offences under Sections 120B and 420 of the IPC, on the ground that no sanction under Section 197 of the Code of Criminal Procedure (CrPC) had been obtained. Diwan, originally appointed by the Governmen…

The case concerned the alleged murder of Amina and her three daughters by setting them on fire, for which the accused, Aejaz Ahmad Sheikh's brother, was initially convicted and sentenced to death. The High Court later acquitted him, prompting appeals by the State and the complainant. The Supreme Court examined the reli…

The appellants, a mother‑in‑law and her son‑in‑law, were convicted under Section 498‑A of the IPC for cruelty to a woman and sentenced to rigorous imprisonment and fine. They sought to replace the imprisonment with an enhanced fine, but the court held that fine cannot substitute imprisonment under Section 498‑A. The pr…

The case involves a murder and related offences under the IPC where ten persons were charged, including Accused No.6 (Mohammed Bhava) and Accused No.8 (Mohammed Musthafa). Both had been granted anticipatory bail and regular bail respectively by the Karnataka High Court, orders which were later challenged by the complai…

The petitioner, convicted of murder and related offences, served 16 years of a life sentence and applied for premature release under Chhattisgarh Prison Rule 358. The appropriate government sought the opinion of the Special Judge who, without providing detailed reasons or considering the factors laid down in Laxman Nas…

The case involved a violent clash between members of two political parties in Kerala, resulting in the murder of a CPI(M) member. Sixteen accused were charged, but the trial court acquitted A-10 to A-16 while convicting five others. The High Court upheld the convictions but reversed the acquittals of A-10 to A-13, rely…

The appellant, a resolution professional for National Plywood Industries Ltd., challenged a High Court order that allowed an operational creditor (Respondent No.1) to operate its bank account despite a moratorium imposed under the Insolvency and Bankruptcy Code (IBC). The appellant alleged that the creditor had receive…

Several convicts sentenced to life imprisonment filed writ petitions challenging Rule 8(2)(i) of the Rajasthan Prisons (Shortening of Sentences) Rules, 2006, which required them to serve 14 years of actual imprisonment and earn a minimum of four years of remission before their cases could be considered for remission. T…

Kumar Ghimirey was convicted under Sections 9 and 10 of the Protection of Children from Sexual Offences (POCSO) Act, 2012 and Section 341 of the IPC for attempting to sexually assault a seven‑year‑old girl, and was sentenced to seven years’ imprisonment and a fine. On appeal, the Sikkim High Court altered the convictio…

The case arose from a clash between two groups in 1997 where the appellant, Ramesh Kumar @ Babla, was alleged to have struck the complainant with a sword, causing head injuries. The trial court convicted him under Section 307 of the IPC for attempted murder and sentenced him to three years' rigorous imprisonment, a dec…

The appellant Shaukat and his father Sabbir were charged with killing Wilayat and injuring Rahmat over a dispute about digging earth from a village pond. The trial court convicted Shaukat under Sections 302 and 307 IPC; the High Court reduced the conviction to Section 304(Part I) and 308 IPC, invoking Exception 4 to Se…

The State of Haryana appealed the Punjab & Haryana High Court's order that quashed an FIR registered against Dr. Ritu Singh, a veterinary doctor, on the ground that the complainant and the accused had reached a compromise. The FIR alleged that Dr. Singh fraudulently withdrew government salary by undertaking unauthorize…

The appellant, a 17‑year‑old at the time of the 2016 offence, was identified as a Child in Conflict with Law (CICL) but the charge sheet was filed directly before a Sessions Court without referral to a Juvenile Justice Board (JJB). The trial court convicted him under sections of the IPC and the POCSO Act and sentenced …

The appellants, directors of Priknit Apparel Ltd, received an investment of Rs 2.5 crore from Respondent No. 2 (SMC Global Securities) in exchange for 2,50,000 equity shares, but failed to launch an IPO as per the memorandum of understanding. The complainant filed a police complaint in Delhi which was dismissed, and su…

Umesh Singh was convicted for the murder of Shailendra Kumar, who was shot with a revolver and rifle by Singh and several co‑accused. The prosecution relied on the eye‑witness testimony of the victim’s cousin (PW2) and corroborating statements of other witnesses, while the defence challenged the validity of the FIR (ar…

The GHCL Employees Stock Option Trust filed a criminal complaint alleging that the Managing Director, Company Secretary and other directors of M/s. India Infoline Ltd. (the respondents) had sold 8,76,668 of its shares and misappropriated the proceeds, constituting criminal breach of trust and cheating. A Metropolitan M…

The appellant Sayed Darain Ahsan was convicted under IPC sections 302 and 34 for the murder of Mughal, based on the testimony of four local eyewitnesses who identified him and his associate as the shooters. The defence argued that the eyewitness accounts conflicted with medical evidence showing only a single bullet wou…

The case involved the murder of Pratima Nandi on 23 February 2002. An eight‑year‑old girl, Manika (PW‑2), testified that the accused, Promode Dey, entered the house with a large dao and killed her mother. Her testimony was corroborated by her grandmother (PW‑1), her father (PW‑11), a village resident (PW‑8) and the rec…

The appellant-wife, K. Neelaveni, complained that her husband had contracted a second marriage, given gold ornaments, subjected her to cruelty and forced her to abort a pregnancy, leading to a police charge‑sheet under IPC sections 406, 494 and 498A. The accused filed a petition in the Madras High Court seeking quash o…

Jagdish, a Class‑3 life convict sentenced in 1999, applied for premature release after serving more than ten years. The High Court ordered his case to be considered under the remission policy dated 04‑02‑1993, rejecting the newer short‑sentencing policy of 13‑08‑2008. The State appealed, arguing that the later policy, …

The accused were tried for murder, dacoity and robbery after the victim's jeep was allegedly hijacked; the trial court acquitted them of murder and dacoity but convicted them of robbery. The State appealed, and the Gujarat High Court reversed the acquittal, convicting the accused of murder and related offences. The Sup…

The appellant Vikas Chandra challenged the summons issued to respondent No.2, the former Secretary of Mandi Samiti, for alleged abetment of his father's suicide under Section 306 IPC. The father had died by poison after allegedly being denied salary, and a suicide note blamed the respondent, but the note contained no r…

The appellant Vahitha was convicted under Section 302 IPC for allegedly strangling her five‑year‑old daughter in the house of her mother‑in‑law. The prosecution relied on the testimony of the mother‑in‑law, two other family members, and two independent neighbours who saw the appellant near the child's body, as well as …

M/s TRL Krosaki Refractories Ltd. (the appellant) issued cheques to M/s SMS Asia Private Ltd. which were dishonoured. The appellant filed a complaint under Section 138 of the Negotiable Instruments Act, 1881 before a Sub‑Divisional Judicial Magistrate, the complaint being filed in the name of the company and signed by …

The State of Madhya Pradesh appealed against two orders of the Madhya Pradesh High Court that quashed FIRs relating to serious offences including IPC sections 307, 294, 34, 394 and Arms Act sections 25 and 27 on the ground that the complainant had reached a compromise with the accused. The Supreme Court examined whethe…

The case arose from the 2009 hooch tragedy in Ahmedabad, Gujarat, where spurious country‑made liquor containing methyl alcohol caused 147 deaths and 205 injuries. Ravindersingh @ Ravi Pavar (appellant) and Jayesh Hiralal Thakker (respondent) were charged under several sections of the IPC and the Bombay Prohibition Act …

During a ceremonial feast at Kishan Singh's house, appellant Som Raj (Soma) assaulted his nephew Sardari Lal with a sharp‑edged agricultural implement called a 'darat', striking the back of the victim's head and causing a fatal skull injury. Five eyewitnesses (PW1, PW2, PW3, PW6, PW8) testified that the appellant was a…

The case concerned the admissibility of evidence recorded in the main trial of the 1993 Bombay blast (BBC No.1/1993) against a co‑accused, Mustafa Ahmed Dossa, who was arrested years later. The Designated Court had held that evidence recorded before Dossa was declared a proclaimed offender could not be used against him…

The appellant, Manish Yadav, was charged under the IPC for rape, assault and criminal intimidation and under the SC/ST Act for caste-based atrocities, based on allegations that he induced a consensual relationship through a false promise of marriage and later abused the complainant. The complainant’s statement under Se…

Mohd. Tahir Hussain, an under‑trial accused in multiple FIRs including rioting and the murder of an IB official, has been in custody since March 2020 and sought interim bail to contest and campaign in the 2025 Delhi Assembly elections. The Delhi High Court allowed only a custodial parole for filing his nomination, prom…

The appellants Thammaraya and Basappa were convicted for murder and concealment of dead body under Sections 302, 201 and 34 of the IPC based largely on circumstantial evidence and alleged disclosure statements that led to the recovery of certain articles. The prosecution's case hinged on the recovery of a gold chain, d…

The appellant filed a complaint under Section 138 of the Negotiable Instruments Act alleging that a cheque dated 06‑03‑2017 issued by Respondent No.2 was dishonoured. The underlying transaction dated 2011 gave rise to a debt of approximately Rs 20.1 lakh, which the High Court held to be time‑barred and consequently qua…

The appellants, a married couple, obtained a passport for their minor child allegedly without the husband’s genuine consent, leading the husband to file a complaint alleging forgery of his signature and cheating. The trial magistrate ordered further investigation, resulting in a supplementary charge‑sheet that added of…

The marriage between the respondent and appellant No.14 was solemnised in Rajasthan, after which the couple lived in Chennai. In 2014 the respondent travelled to Bengaluru for her sister's wedding and subsequently refused to return to the matrimonial home, alleging domestic violence by her husband, his parents, and sev…

Pooja Pal, the widow of slain MLA Raju Pal, alleged that the state police and administration were complicit or indifferent in the murder of her husband and sought a fresh investigation by the Central Bureau of Investigation (CBI). The High Court dismissed her writ petition, but the Supreme Court held that when an inves…

Pawan Kumar was convicted of murder and attempt to murder (IPC ss.302, 307 read with s.34) and sentenced to life imprisonment and seven years rigorous imprisonment. He contended that he was a juvenile at the time of the offence (01‑12‑1995) and sought the benefit of the Juvenile Justice Act. The trial court and High Co…

The Supreme Court upheld the convictions of Harpal Singh @ Chhota and co‑accused for kidnapping, abduction for ransom and conspiracy under IPC §§ 364A, 395, 412, 471, 1208 and Arms Act § 25. The Court found the victim’s testimony – recorded under §§ 161 and 164 Cr.P.C. and reiterated at trial – to be truthful and suffi…

The appellant Subhasish Mondal was convicted of murdering his elder brother and mother in Kharagpur, allegedly motivated by a grievance over a job given to his brother after their father's death. The prosecution relied on circumstantial evidence, including the victim's injuries, the presence of a silver chain belonging…

The appellant, the divorced wife of the first accused, challenged summons issued against her in a case under Section 420 read with Section 34 IPC. The police investigation had filed a refer report stating that the complaint was not proved, and the complainant testified that only the husband had been entrusted with mone…

The case arose from a violent clash between two rival families over a land dispute, which culminated in the murder of Gurdial Singh and injuries to several others. Eight persons, armed with guns and gandasas, assembled and attacked the victims; three of the accused died during trial, leaving five to stand trial. The tr…

Mafabhai Motibhai Sagar was convicted of murder and related offences and sentenced to life imprisonment. After the Supreme Court directed a speedy decision on his remission application, the Gujarat Government granted remission but imposed four conditions, two of which the appellant challenged as vague and arbitrary. Th…

The appellant, who filed the FIR, was convicted along with three others for murder and related offences based on eyewitness testimony and forensic evidence. During the trial, the defence counsel admitted the genuineness of the prosecution's documents and dispensed with formal proof, invoking Section 294 of the CrPC. Th…

Bijay Agarwal, an authorized signatory and director of M/s Gee Pee Infotech Pvt. Ltd., was convicted under Section 138 of the Negotiable Instruments Act for the dishonour of cheques issued by the company. The trial court imposed a fine and the appellate court suspended the sentence on the condition that Agarwal deposit…

The appellant, mother of a 12‑year‑old girl, alleged that her brother‑in‑law sexually assaulted the child, causing severe trauma and a decline in academic performance. An FIR was filed under IPC sections 354 and 354A and POCSO Act sections 7, 8, 9 and 11. The Sessions Court denied anticipatory bail to the accused, but …

The appellant Prem Shankar Prasad filed an FIR against respondent No.2 for offences under sections 406, 407, 468 and 506 IPC. An arrest warrant was issued, the accused absconded and a proclamation under s.82 CrPC was made, followed by proceedings under s.82‑83. The trial court dismissed the accused's anticipatory bail …

The complainant alleged that a property inherited from her father was fraudulently transferred to her brother through a forged will and deed, and that the brother subsequently executed a lease to accused No.4, who sub‑leased it to HPCL. The complaint also implicated several other parties, but the High Court quashed the…

The appellant, D. Velusamy, filed an appeal against a family court and High Court order that granted maintenance under Section 125 of the CrPC to the respondent, D. Patchaiammal, on the basis that she was his wife. The appellant contended that he was already lawfully married to another woman, Lakshmi, in 1980, and that…

The case arose from an altercation between two families in Jahangir Puri, Delhi, after which Babu Ram (non‑appellant) fetched a licensed gun and fired indiscriminately from a roof, killing two persons and injuring twenty‑six others. The appellants – Sunil, Shri Krishan and Ravinder – were convicted under Sections 302 a…

The Foreign Exchange Management Act, 1999 (FEMA) repealed the Foreign Exchange Regulation Act, 1973 (FERA) but saved prosecutions for offences under sections 56 and 57 of FERA if cognizance was taken within two years of FEMA's commencement. An Enforcement Officer appointed under FERA filed a complaint on 11 February 20…

The appellant, a Sub Registrar, was convicted under Sections 7 and 13(1)(d) r/w 13(2) of the Prevention of Corruption Act, 1988 for allegedly demanding and accepting Rs.1500 as gratification. The complainant had died before trial, and the prosecution relied on pre‑trap and post‑trap witnesses and documentary evidence t…

The petitioner, convicted of murder and robbery under Sections 302 and 392 IPC, had been in actual imprisonment for over 26 years and had served a total sentence of 35 years including 8 years of remission. He repeatedly sought premature release, and the Jail Advisory Board recommended his release three times, but the K…

The case concerned the kidnapping and murder of 15‑year‑old Ajit Pal, for which three relatives – Rajesh Yadav, Raja Yadav and Om Prakash Yadav – were convicted and sentenced to death (two of them) and life imprisonment based largely on circumstantial evidence and confessions recorded before they were formally accused.…

The CBI investigated a scheme in which bank officials and private individuals defrauded Vijaya Bank of Rs 1.27 crore by sanctioning housing loans. K. Narayana Rao, a panel advocate for the bank, was charged as accused 6 for allegedly giving false legal opinions on ten loans. The High Court, invoking Section 482 of the …

The appellant, Pramod Suryabhan Pawar, sought to quash a First Information Report (FIR) filed under Sections 376, 417, 504, 506(2) of the IPC and Sections 3(1)(u), (w) and 3(2)(vii) of the SC/ST Act, alleging that the allegations were based on a false promise to marry and on WhatsApp messages sent before the relevant p…

The case involved the murder of Chander Bhan, an election agent of a losing candidate, allegedly killed by supporters of the same candidate to frame the winning candidate in a false case. The prosecution relied on circumstantial evidence, including an extra‑judicial confession, forensic recovery of a gun and pellets, a…

The Securities and Exchange Board of India (SEBI) filed criminal complaints against Classic Credit Ltd. and other private parties under the SEBI Act, 1992, which originally required trial before a Metropolitan Magistrate or a Judicial Magistrate of the first class. The SEBI (Amendment) Act, 2002 altered Section 26(2) t…