VIKRAM NATH

The appellant, Faime Makers Pvt. Ltd., owned a parcel of land in Mumbai after acquiring it from Byramjee Jeejeebhoy Private Limited. The respondent society applied for a Unilateral Certificate of Deemed Conveyance under Section 11 of the Maharashtra Ownership of Flats Act, 1963, which was dismissed on 22 February 2021 …

The appellants, large industrial consumers and captive power generators, challenged the Rajasthan Electricity Regulatory Commission's (RERC) 2016 Open Access Regulations, alleging that they exceeded RERC's jurisdiction over inter‑state open access, imposed unreasonable penalties for drawal variations, required a 24‑hou…

The marriage between Sau. Jiya and Kuldeep was dissolved by a family court on the ground of cruelty, a decree later affirmed by the High Court. After the husband remarried in 2019, the parties disputed a permanent alimony settlement, with the wife seeking a lump‑sum amount and the husband contesting his income and asse…

The workmen, employed as gardeners in the Ghaziabad Nagar Nigam's horticulture department since the late 1990s, alleged that they were dismissed orally in July 2005 while a conciliation proceeding was pending, without notice or retrenchment compensation. They claimed the termination violated Sections 6E and 6N of the U…

The appellant, Kuldeep Singh, was charged under Sections 366, 376 and 506 IPC for alleged abduction and rape of his wife, Respondent No.3, after she filed a statement alleging forced marriage. The appellant contended that the marriage was solemnised voluntarily under Sikh rites and that, under Exception 2 to Section 37…

The appellant, Bharat Sher Singh Kalsia, purchased a portion of land from a Power of Attorney (PoA) holder who had been authorized by the landowners to manage, sell, and register their property. A FIR was lodged alleging criminal offences under Sections 409, 467, 468, 471 and 420 IPC, claiming the sale deed was fraudul…

Jasminbhai Bharatbhai Kothari, convicted under IPC Section 302 read with Section 34 and the Arms Act, sought an extension of temporary bail, which the Gujarat High Court refused. While filing a Special Leave Petition (SLP) before the Supreme Court, he also filed an interlocutory application seeking exemption from surre…

The appellants were appointed as temporary part‑time sweepers under a Special Recruitment Drive to fill vacant, sanctioned posts in the Madhya Pradesh Veterinary Department. They sought regular pay‑scale benefits under a 1984 circular that granted revised pay‑scale to temporary employees after three years of service, a…

The deceased owner of a property allegedly named his tenants as abettors in a suicide note, leading the police to detain the tenants and demolish the premises with the help of the deceased's relatives. The two tenants filed complaints under Section 156(3) of the Cr.P.C., which were initially mishandled by the magistrat…

Rakhi Sadhukhan filed for divorce from Raja Sadhukhan and was awarded permanent alimony of Rs.20,000 per month with a 5% increase every three years by the Calcutta High Court. She later contended that the amount was insufficient given the husband’s higher income and the standard of living she enjoyed during the marriag…

The CBI investigated a violent attack on the house of Sekh Jamir Hossain that occurred on the day election results were announced in West Bengal, where a mob assaulted the complainant, looted his property and molested his wife. The accused, including politically influential respondents, were arrested and a charge‑sheet…

The mother, a working professional, filed a petition seeking permanent custody of her two minor children, alleging the father might forcibly remove them. The Family Court restrained the father and granted limited visitation, which the father appealed. The High Court then ordered a 15‑day monthly interim custody for eac…

The appellants were charged under sections 120B, 420, 468 and 471 of the IPC and section 13(2) read with 13(1)(d) of the Prevention of Corruption Act for allegedly diverting bank funds. Parallel civil recovery proceedings before the Debt Recovery Tribunal were settled through a One Time Settlement (OTS) in which the ba…

The appellant, Batlanki Keshav (Kesava) Kumar Anurag, sought to quash FIR No. 103 of 2022 alleging offences under Section 376(2)(n) IPC and Section 3(2)(v) of the SC/ST (Prevention of Atrocities) Act, claiming the allegations of sexual relations under a false promise of marriage were fabricated. The de‑facto complainan…

The Chandigarh Administration appealed against several orders of the Punjab and Haryana High Court that directed the construction of a verandah in front of Court Room No.1 of the High Court and the laying of green paver blocks in a kutcha parking area. The Administration argued that the verandah could jeopardise the UN…

The appellant, a former District Collector, was charged under Sections 409, 219 and 114 of the IPC for allegedly misusing his official position to restore government land to private allottees who were not cultivating it and were residing abroad. The High Court dismissed his application under Section 482 CrPC to quash t…

The appellant, Gambhir Singh, was convicted and sentenced to death for the murder of his brother, sister‑in‑law and their four children. The prosecution relied on three alleged incriminating circumstances – motive, last‑seen testimony and recoveries of weapons – to link the appellant to the crime. The Supreme Court hel…

Dr. Sheikh Javeed Ahmad and Dr. Abdul Hamid Rather were appointed as Senior Residents in Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation at SKIMS with the promise of sponsorship for a two‑year diploma and subsequent appointment as Assistant Professors. The diploma could not be obtained because the sponsoring institute failed to sec…

The appellant accused were convicted for kidnapping and gang‑rape of a village girl who was under 17 years of age at the time of the offences. The trial court and the High Court held that the victim was a minor, that she was held captive for two months, and that her testimony was reliable despite the absence of physica…

The plaintiffs, operating a petrol pump on a jointly owned property, claimed a specific performance of an oral agreement dated 06‑06‑1993 to purchase the land, alleging that the co‑owner brother had authority to bind the three sister co‑owners via a General Power of Attorney. The trial court dismissed the suit, finding…

The Supreme Court examined the conviction of two accused, Putai and Dileep, for the rape and murder of a 12‑year‑old girl, based solely on circumstantial evidence and forensic material. The trial and High Courts had upheld the death penalty for Putai and life imprisonment for Dileep, relying on recovered items, a sniff…

The appellants owned a property that was leased to Aditya Motors, a sole proprietorship of Pilla Durga Prasad. After the lease expired, the appellants filed an eviction suit against the lessee and its assignees. The suit was later amended to substitute the proprietor, Pilla Durga Prasad, in place of the firm. The defen…

The appellant, Edelweiss Asset Reconstruction Ltd (EARC), challenged a Karnataka High Court order that dismissed its writ petition and directed the transfer of Rs.75 lakh deposited by it to the EPFO. The dispute arose from the default of Acropetal Technologies Ltd in paying provident fund dues, leading to EPFO assertin…

The petitioner, Vasanta Sampat Dupare, was convicted of rape and murder of a four‑year‑old girl and sentenced to death, a sentence that was affirmed on appeal, reviewed, and followed by rejected mercy petitions. He filed a writ petition under Article 32 seeking a fresh sentencing hearing in accordance with the procedur…

The Karnataka State Financial Corporation (KSFC) recovered a debt from Hoysala Thermo Farmers Pvt. Ltd. and, after default, auctioned agricultural land (Sy. No.67) belonging to the managing director, G.M. Krishna. The appellant, R. Raghu, purchased the land at the auction and later obtained a sale certificate as truste…

The appellant, Sukdeb Saha, challenged the Andhra Pradesh High Court's refusal to transfer the investigation of his 17‑year‑old daughter's suspicious death at a coaching institute to the CBI. He alleged that the local police investigation was biased, incomplete, and that crucial forensic evidence and CCTV footage were …

The appellant was convicted for aggravated penetrative sexual assault of a five‑year‑old girl under Section 6 of the POCSO Act and Section 376AB IPC, and was sentenced to imprisonment for the remainder of his natural life. The offence occurred on 20 May 2019, before the 2019 amendment to Section 6 of the POCSO Act, whi…

The appellant, a mother‑in‑law, was accused of repeatedly torturing her daughter‑in‑law over dowry demands, leading the young woman to commit suicide by poison. The trial court convicted her under Sections 304B and 498A IPC and Sections 3 and 4 of the Dowry Prohibition Act, but the High Court acquitted her of those off…

The Builder Durga Builders purchased 235 acres in Faridabad to develop a residential colony and was contractually obliged to allocate plots to Economically Weaker Sections, No Profit No Loss (NPNL) and open‑market categories. The Builder failed to honour the allotment terms, prompting allottees to file Writ Petition (C…

The appellants, who were flat buyers, entered into a settlement with ICICI Bank and the builder to resolve disputes over loan repayment and possession of apartments. Under the settlement, the appellants paid the outstanding principal and pre‑EMI amounts, the builder contributed its share, and the bank waived interest a…

The Bar Council of Maharashtra and Goa referred a complaint filed by Khimji Devji Parmar against advocate Rajiv Narula to its Disciplinary Committee under Section 35 of the Advocates Act, alleging professional misconduct for identifying a plaintiff in consent terms of a civil suit. The Supreme Court examined whether di…

Shri Gurudatta Sugars Marketing Pvt. Ltd. entered into agreements with Cane Agro Energy Ltd., which failed to supply sugar and issued two cheques that were later dishonoured for insufficient funds. The appellant filed a complaint under the Negotiable Instruments Act and obtained an order of interim compensation under S…

The petitioners, displaced tea estate workers, and public interest litigants sought the removal of long‑standing encroachments and restoration of forest lands in the Agasthyamalai landscape, which includes the Singampatti Zamin forest leased to Bombay Burma Trading Corporation Limited for tea cultivation for over 95 ye…

The appellants purchased a flat and paid stamp duty, but later cancelled the booking due to the developer's delay and executed a cancellation deed on 17 March 2015, which was registered on 28 April 2015 after an amendment to Section 48(1) of the Maharashtra Stamp Act reduced the refund limitation period from two years …

The complainant filed Criminal Complaint No. 1828 of 2019 alleging offences under several sections of the IPC against the accused. The accused first filed a quashing petition under s.482 CrPC, which the High Court dismissed. Six months later they filed a second quashing petition on the same grounds, and the High Court …

The appellant, Sakina Sultanali Sunesara, challenged two consent decrees arising from compromises in suits concerning disputed land, alleging she had no notice of the compromises and that they were procured by fraud. She filed applications under Order XLIII Rule 1‑A to set aside the decrees, while the respondents argue…

The appellant, a Manager at the Head Office of HDFC Ltd., was charged in an FIR for allegedly suppressing the fact that a mortgaged property had been acquired by the Tamil Nadu Housing Board and for cheating the purchaser at a public auction conducted in 2012. He filed a petition under Section 482 of the CrPC seeking t…

The Supreme Court, acting suo moto, took cognizance of a news report of a child’s death from a stray dog bite in Delhi and issued directions to pick up, sterilise, deworm and vaccinate stray dogs across the National Capital Region, initially prohibiting their release back onto the streets. Several NGOs and individuals …

The appellant, a non‑executive director of Procter & Gamble Hygiene Ltd., was summoned as an accused in a criminal complaint alleging that the company distributed expired drugs to an unlicensed dealer, violating the Drugs & Cosmetics Act, 1940. The appellant challenged the summoning order under Section 482 of the CrPC,…

The appellants, Pitchu Mani and Esakkimuthu, were convicted of murder under Sections 302 and 302 read with 34 of the IPC based primarily on the testimony of the deceased's son and wife, who were interested witnesses. The appellants challenged the convictions, arguing that the witnesses could not have covered the 16 km …

The appellant, Ramanuj Kumar, filed a petition for divorce under Sections 13(1)(ia) and (iii) of the Hindu Marriage Act, alleging irretrievable breakdown of his marriage to Priyanka. The parties had been living separately for over eleven years, with the appellant caring for their elder daughter and the respondent carin…

The appellants Thammaraya and Basappa were convicted for murder and concealment of dead body under Sections 302, 201 and 34 of the IPC based largely on circumstantial evidence and alleged disclosure statements that led to the recovery of certain articles. The prosecution's case hinged on the recovery of a gold chain, d…

The appellant, Manish Yadav, was charged under the IPC for rape, assault and criminal intimidation and under the SC/ST Act for caste-based atrocities, based on allegations that he induced a consensual relationship through a false promise of marriage and later abused the complainant. The complainant’s statement under Se…

The case concerned allegations that the Superintendent of a women’s protection home in Patna administered intoxicating substances to inmates and facilitated their sexual exploitation. The accused, respondent No.2, was granted bail by the Patna High Court despite the victim not being notified, contrary to Section 15A(3)…

The dispute concerned the ownership of a 4‑acre 16‑gunta plot in Dasnapur village, claimed by the second wife of the deceased Metpalli Rajanna (Lasum Bai) under a registered Will dated 24 July 1974 and an oral family settlement. The trial court held that the Will was genuine, that it allocated a specific share to Lasum…

The appellant, a police constable, was summoned to the Senior Superintendent's office and allegedly detained illegally for six days during which he suffered severe genital mutilation and other injuries, as confirmed by medical reports. His wife complained to the police seeking registration of an FIR against the officia…

The appellant, Sanjay Colaro, was convicted under Sections 279 and 304A of the IPC for causing a fatal road accident by rash driving. He was sentenced to six months' simple imprisonment and a fine, which he appealed through the criminal appellate hierarchy up to the Supreme Court. The appellant argued that, given the l…

The Supreme Court examined two bail appeals arising from a 2020 FIR under the IPC, Arms Act and UAPA, involving accused no.11 (Saleem Khan) and accused no.20 (Mohd. Zaid). Both had been denied bail by the trial court, but the Karnataka High Court granted bail to Khan while refusing it to Zaid. The Court held that Khan'…

Amutha and A.R. Subramanian were married in 2002 but lived apart for more than fifteen years following a series of disputes, including the wife filing a false dowry harassment complaint against the husband. The husband filed for divorce on grounds of cruelty and desertion, which were initially rejected by the trial and…

The appellants were employed by the Central Water Commission on part‑time, ad‑hoc contracts as Safaiwalas and a Khallasi from 1993 to 2004, performing essential housekeeping and maintenance functions for more than ten years. After their application for regularisation was rejected by the Central Administrative Tribunal,…

The Kerala Public Service Commission (KPSC) conducted recruitment for Junior Health Inspector Grade‑II positions and published rank lists, but several vacancies remained unfilled due to overlapping candidates and non‑joining. The State Government, after a Tribunal order, recommended that KPSC expand the rank lists to f…

The plaintiffs, heirs of Amin Lal, sued the State of Haryana and the Public Works Department for possession of land on the basis of revenue records, sale deeds and mutation entries. The trial court ruled in favour of the plaintiffs, holding that the State had not proved adverse possession. The State appealed and the fi…

The appellant, Sd. Shabuddin, was convicted under Section 411 of the IPC for dishonestly receiving stolen property after being found in possession of cash amounts of Rs.25,000 and Rs.2,60,000, which he could not account for. Both he and co-accused Moulana were acquitted of theft (Section 379 IPC) by the Trial Court and…

The appellants, six former daily‑wage employees (Class‑IV peons/attendants and a Class‑III driver) were engaged by the U.P. Higher Education Services Commission between 1989 and 1992 and continued to work for decades. The Commission repeatedly sought sanction of fourteen permanent posts for such workers, but the State …

The appellant, a chartered accountant, was accused of offences under Sections 498A, 406, 384, 420 and 120(B) of the IPC in two FIRs – the first lodged in Hisar, Haryana on 10 Oct 2015 and the second in Udaipur, Rajasthan on 15 Oct 2015, both based on the same allegations. The appellant sought quashing of the second FIR…

The appellants, who held post‑graduate degrees in microbiology, food science and technology, applied for the post of Food Safety Officer (FSO) under a Jharkhand Public Service Commission notification that required a "degree" in specified subjects or a Master’s in Chemistry. After clearing the written exam, they were di…

Kusha Duruka, accused under the NDPS Act, filed multiple bail applications after his arrest on 3 February 2022. The first bail request was rejected by the Sessions Court, and a subsequent application before the Odisha High Court was also dismissed, while his co‑accused was granted bail. During the pendency of a Special…

The applicant‑appellant filed a miscellaneous application seeking clarification of a Supreme Court judgment dated 12 September 2023 in Civil Appeal No. 2085 of 2022, specifically the use of the term “unsecured creditor” in paragraph 20. The Court, after hearing counsel, held that the term should be read as “secured cre…

The appellant-wife filed for divorce on the ground of mental cruelty and was granted a decree of divorce and permanent alimony of Rs.15,00,000 by the Family Court, which the High Court upheld. The appellant challenged the alimony amount, arguing she was unemployed, while the respondent, a doctor, demonstrated a higher …

The appellant alleged that Respondent No.2 and his two sons murdered his father and injured his brother, leading to an FIR under sections 147, 148, 302, 304 and 34 of the IPC. After the charge‑sheet, the trial proceeded to the stage of recording the accused's statement under Section 313 of the CrPC. Respondent No.2 app…

The appellants, a 70‑year‑old widow and her daughter, entered into an oral agreement to sell a plot of land in Telangana, receiving a large sum via bank transfers but later refusing to execute the sale deed. The complainant, an agent of a powerful builder, filed a criminal complaint alleging fraud and intimidation, lea…

The appellant, a District Judge, was criticised by a Rajasthan High Court Single Judge for granting bail to an accused (Sethu @ Angrej) in a manner deemed cavalier and for ignoring the accused's criminal antecedents. The High Court's strictures labelled the appellant's conduct as indiscipline, negligence, and disobedie…

The appellant, a 68‑year‑old former managing trustee of two charitable trusts, was convicted under the Prevention of Corruption Act, 1988 for criminal misconduct, criminal breach of trust and misappropriation of grant‑in‑aid funds meant for schools for specially‑abled children. The High Court rejected his appeal agains…

The appellant was arrested for theft and granted bail, but a police officer (respondent No.2) allegedly paraded him half‑naked, verbally abused him on the basis of caste and physically assaulted him, illegally detaining him for four hours despite bail. An inquiry by the Sub‑Divisional Police Officer found the officer r…

The appellant Raj Kumar was convicted of murder under Section 302 IPC based primarily on the identification by the injured eye‑witness, PW‑18, whose testimony was recorded via video‑link eight and a half years after the incident. The High Court upheld the conviction, relying on the witness's identification, the appella…

In 1986 a minor girl (referred to as V) was found unconscious and bleeding after the accused Chatra allegedly raped her. The trial court convicted Chatra under Section 376 IPC based on medical evidence, circumstantial evidence and the testimony of a key eyewitness, Gulab Chand, despite the victim’s silence. The High Co…

The appellant, Jai Prakash, was convicted of raping and murdering a 10‑year‑old girl. Evidence included the victim’s body recovered from his hut, the last‑seen testimony of child witnesses, and DNA matches linking the appellant to the victim’s underwear and hair. The trial and High Courts affirmed conviction under IPC …

Baljinder Kumar, accused of murdering his wife, two children and sister‑in‑law, was convicted by the Trial Court and sentenced to death under Sections 302, 308 and 325 IPC. The High Court upheld the conviction, relying mainly on the testimonies of three witnesses despite contradictions and lack of forensic linkage. On …

The appellant, Byluru Thippaiah, brutally murdered his wife, sister‑in‑law and three children on 25 February 2017, alleging that his wife and the children were not his and accusing them of promiscuity. He was tried under Section 302 of the Indian Penal Code, convicted and sentenced to death by the trial court, a senten…

The case arose from a suit for perpetual injunction where the plaintiff claimed ownership of land by natural succession, while the defendants relied on a Will that the trial court held to be suspicious and invalid. The trial court's decree in favour of the plaintiff was set aside by the first appellate court, which gra…

The appellant, a former collector, was charged under the Prevention of Money Laundering Act, 2002 (PMLA) for alleged financial transactions involving proceeds of crime arising from land allotments, bribery and hawala. He sought discharge at the pre‑trial stage, arguing that the PMLA could not be applied retrospectively…

The appellant, a retired IAS officer, challenged the registration of multiple FIRs relating to alleged land allotment irregularities during his tenure as Collector of Kachchh. He sought a writ of mandamus directing the police to conduct a preliminary inquiry before registering any further FIRs, relying on Lalita Kumari…

The complainant filed an application under Sections 216 and 319 of the CrPC seeking the summoning and impleadment of two appellants as accused in a case involving offences under Sections 452, 294(b), 323 and 506(1) IPC. The trial court rejected the application, finding no sufficient evidence against the appellants, but…

The appellants Irfan and Asif Mevati were convicted of kidnapping, rape, and related offences and sentenced to death based largely on a DNA profiling report (Exhibit‑157). The trial court and the High Court relied on the report without examining any of the scientific experts who prepared it, and the appellants were giv…

The appellant was convicted and sentenced to death for murder, rape and robbery based on circumstantial evidence, a last‑seen theory, confessions, recovered items and DNA evidence. The Supreme Court examined whether these evidentiary pillars were proved beyond reasonable doubt and whether the investigation complied wit…

The appellant-husband filed a petition for divorce under Section 13(1)(a) of the Hindu Marriage Act, alleging cruelty, but the Family Court dismissed it and the High Court upheld that dismissal. The parties had been living separately since October 2009, amounting to over sixteen years of estrangement, and the appellant…

The mother filed review petitions after the Supreme Court dismissed appeals that had granted permanent custody of their 11‑year‑old son to the father. New psychological reports showed the child suffering anxiety and separation‑disorder anxiety due to the impending custody change. The Court examined whether such fresh e…

The appellant, a building owner, conspired with officials of the Thiruvananthapuram Municipal Corporation and an architect to obtain a spurious renovation permit and then demolish an existing structure to erect a four‑storeyed commercial building in a zone where such construction is prohibited. A vigilance enquiry esta…

The plaintiffs entered into an agreement to sell a Bangalore property in 1981, paying an advance but failing to execute the sale deed within the stipulated three‑month period, citing a government restriction on registration. The defendants sent multiple notices demanding payment of the balance and eventually forfeited …

The appellant, Virender Pal, was convicted under Section 304‑B of the IPC for the dowry death of his wife, Punita, who allegedly died after being harassed for dowry demands. The prosecution presented testimony that the husband and his relatives repeatedly demanded money, subjected the victim to physical and mental crue…

The Supreme Court entertained a miscellaneous application seeking recall of its own judgment dated 03.01.2024 in Civil Appeal No. 37 of 2024 on the ground that the respondents had not been served and therefore did not appear. The Court held that non‑service justified recalling the judgment and ordered the appeal to be …

The appellant, Suresh Kumar Agarwal, was accused by M/s Haldia Steels Ltd. of fraud and criminal misappropriation relating to a memorandum of understanding (MOU) for the transfer of a mining lease and share transfer. The complaint, filed six years after the alleged breach, alleged that an advance of Rs.50 lakh was paid…

The husband filed a divorce petition in 2012 on grounds of cruelty and adultery, and the Family Court granted a decree of divorce in 2016 on the ground of cruelty. The wife appealed, and the Madras High Court set aside the decree, holding that the alleged cruelty stemmed from the wife's father's rude utterances, which …

The appellant, a daughter of the late K.G. Yellappa Reddy, alleged that her brothers and their sons forged a family tree and a partition deed to exclude her and her sisters from a Rs 33 crore compensation awarded for family land acquired by the Bengaluru Metro Rail Corporation. Based on these forged documents, the resp…

The appellants were charged under two FIRs, the first involving offences such as unlawful assembly and assault, and the second containing grave charges of sexual assault under Section 376 IPC. The complainant in the second FIR later filed an affidavit stating she no longer wished to pursue the case, having received a m…

The respondents filed a summary suit under Order XXXVII of the CPC seeking recovery of Rs. 1,04,16,576 and later submitted a memo under Rule 3(6)(b) asking the trial court to decree the suit. The trial court rejected the memo, but the Karnataka High Court set aside that order and directed the trial court to accept the …

The complainant, a sub‑contractor, alleged that the appellants (directors of Bharat Udyog Ltd.) had partially paid him for work on a sewerage plant and had forged engineers' signatures to claim they performed the work. He filed an FIR alleging cheating, forgery and related offences under the IPC, seeking recovery of th…

The parties, married in 2016, separated in 2023 when the mother left the matrimonial home with their daughter. The father, employed on rotational overseas assignments, filed a petition for permanent custody and sought interim visitation. The Family Court allowed limited weekend and video contact and required the father…

The appellants, mother and aunt of Deva Pardhi, challenged a High Court order that refused to transfer the investigation of Deva's custodial death to another agency and denied bail to the sole eyewitness, Gangaram Pardhi. Deva was allegedly tortured and killed by local police officers, and Gangaram, who witnessed the t…

The appellants, members of a political party, were arrested after a communal protest triggered by an incendiary social media post on 10 October 2022 and were later released on bail. Six months later, the police prepared a gang chart and lodged a fresh FIR on 30 April 2023 under the Uttar Pradesh Gangsters & Anti-Social…

Shahdeo Das joined Bharat Coking Coal Limited in 1990 with a service record showing his date of birth as 18‑09‑1960, which he himself declared at the time of joining. In 2015, after a gap of 25 years, he applied for correction of his date of birth to 05‑01‑1972 based on a school leaving/transfer certificate issued that…

The Competition Commission of India (CCI) alleged that Schott Glass India abused its dominant position in the neutral glass tubing market by offering volume‑based target rebates, functional "no‑Chinese" rebates, a long‑term supply agreement with its joint‑venture Schott Kaisha, and by allegedly tying clear and amber tu…

The appellant, a bank manager, was convicted of murdering his two minor children, his sister‑in‑law and mother‑in‑law in June 2010, motivated by his disapproval of his sister‑in‑law’s relationship. The trial court sentenced him to death, a judgment affirmed by the Karnataka High Court. On appeal, the Supreme Court exam…

The parties were married in 1996 and later lived separately, with the husband filing for divorce on grounds of cruelty in 2009. The Family Court granted the divorce in 2019, which the High Court affirmed in 2023. The wife appealed, seeking a payment of Rs.10,00,000 towards their daughter's marriage expenses, alleging t…

The petitioners, a charitable trust and an individual, sought enforcement of the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (RPwD) Act, 2016 to improve conditions in state‑run care homes for persons with cognitive disabilities, citing overcrowding, inadequate health care, abuse and lack of education. The Court examined whethe…

The case concerned employees of cooperative societies that were merged into the Madhya Pradesh State Electricity Board (MPSEB) and sought pension benefits. The key issue was whether these absorbed employees were entitled to pension and, if so, whether their service in the societies prior to absorption could be counted …

Jawala Real Estate Pvt Ltd (later merged with Macrotech Developers) allotted a three‑bedroom flat to Haresh in 2013, who paid an advance but failed to pay the balance, leading the developer to cancel the allotment. Haresh filed a complaint before the National Consumer Disputes Redressal Commission (NCDRC), which set as…

The complainant, Karan Gambhir, filed a police complaint in Gautam Budh Nagar alleging that the promoters of three Delhi‑based companies had induced his firm to give short‑term loans which were later converted into equity. The FIR, registered on 29 July 2018, listed the accused companies and promoters with incomplete a…

Vineeta Srinandan, a former director of Seawoods Estates Ltd., issued a circular alleging a "dog mafia" influencing judges, which the Bombay High Court held to be criminal contempt under Section 2(c) of the Contempt of Courts Act, 1971 and sentenced her to one week imprisonment and a fine. She promptly filed a reply af…

Parvin Kumar Jain and Anju Jain were married in 1998 and have lived apart since 2004. The husband, a senior banker, was ordered to pay interim maintenance under Section 24 of the Hindu Marriage Act, which was later enhanced, while the wife sought further increase and permanent alimony. The Supreme Court examined whethe…

The appellants, husband and in‑laws, were charged under Sections 306, 498A and 114 of the IPC for the alleged suicide of the wife after twelve years of marriage, based on a FIR filed by her father. They sought discharge under Section 227 of the CrPC, arguing that no prima facie case existed, particularly for abetment o…

MITC Rolling Mills Pvt. Ltd. filed a commercial suit for recovery of Rs.2.5 crore. The trial court rejected the plaint under Order VII Rule 11 of the CPC on the ground that the plaintiff had not complied with the mandatory pre‑institution mediation under Section 12A of the Commercial Courts Act, 2015. The appellant cha…

The appellants were convicted for the rape and murder of a minor girl based on circumstantial evidence, a disputed 'last seen' theory, alleged motive of lust, and DNA forensic reports. The Supreme Court examined the credibility of the motive, the reliability of the last seen testimony, and the integrity of the forensic…

The appellant, Rohini Sudarshan Gangurde, was charged under Section 306 of the IPC for allegedly abetting her husband’s suicide by harassing him over money and property. The husband was found hanged in their jointly owned house, and the mother filed an FIR alleging physical and mental abuse by the wife. The trial court…

The Akola Municipal Corporation revised property tax rates for the years 2017‑18 to 2021‑22 after a 16‑year hiatus, invoking its statutory powers under the Maharashtra Municipal Corporations Act. Dr. Zishan Hussain filed a public interest litigation alleging that the revision was irrational, arbitrary and procedurally …

The appellant Govind Mandavi was convicted for murder under IPC s.302 r/w s.34 and for an offence under the SC/ST Act based on the testimony of the deceased's wife (PW‑2) and her father‑in‑law (PW‑1), who identified the accused after a delayed statement and a Test Identification Parade (TIP). The Supreme Court examined…

The complainant, Parmeshwar Ramlal Joshi, lodged FIRs alleging threats and interference in his granite mining business by a former minister and police officials, and sought transfer of the investigation to the CBI. He first filed a criminal writ petition in the Rajasthan High Court, which was dismissed as withdrawn. He…

The appellant was convicted and sentenced to death for murder, kidnapping, rape and offences under the POCSO Act based on four alleged pillars of evidence: a last‑seen‑together theory, CCTV footage, a confession‑derived disclosure statement and DNA profiling. The Supreme Court examined whether each of these pillars was…

The appellant, Waris, was convicted under Sections 302, 201, 376(2)(i) and 376AB of the IPC and Sections 5 and 6 of the POCSO Act for raping and killing his step‑daughter. During the trial, his original counsel withdrew and he could not afford a new lawyer, so the trial court appointed a legal‑aid defence counsel on th…

The case concerned the guardianship of two minor children of Colonel Ramneesh Pal Singh and Sugandhi Aggarwal. The Family Court had awarded permanent custody to the father with visitation rights to the mother, but the Delhi High Court set aside that order and ordered shared custody. The Supreme Court examined the welfa…

The appellants, private landowners in Maharashtra, challenged revenue annotations and mutation entries that labelled their lands as private forests and vested in the State, arguing that the statutory requirements for acquisition were not fulfilled. The State contended that notices issued under Section 35(3) of the Indi…

The petitioners, original allottees of a group housing project in Greater Noida, challenged the Allahabad High Court's dismissal of their writ petition seeking restoration of a cancelled lease, identification of genuine allottees, and completion of construction. The Supreme Court observed that the dispute involved comp…

The appellant, Prem Aggarwal, entered into an agreement to purchase a property in 1989, paid Rs.25,000 as earnest money and later sued for specific performance, which the Supreme Court dismissed on the ground of bar under Order II Rule 2 of the CPC, but awarded her Rs.2 crore as compensation. The respondents deposited …

The Supreme Court examined two criminal appeals challenging High Court orders that quashed criminal complaints and set aside committal orders against police officers accused of custodial deaths. The appellants alleged that the deceased were killed in police custody and that the High Court relied solely on CID and CBI r…

The case concerned Sudhir Vilas Kalel (Appellant No.1), who was elected to a reserved OBC seat in Jambulani Gram Panchayat but failed to obtain a Validity Certificate for his caste certificate within the statutory twelve‑month period, leading to his automatic disqualification. He later obtained the certificate after re…

The trial court acquitted Amit Aishwarya Jogi in a 2007 murder case involving the killing of a Congress leader, after a CBI‑investigated chargesheet superseded the original police investigation. The State of Chhattisgarh, the CBI and the victim’s son (de‑facto complainant) sought leave to appeal the acquittal, but the …

The case involved a joint family property dispute among descendants of Pillappa, concerning the validity of two registered release deeds (1956 and 1967) and an unregistered palupatti (partition) deed of 1972. The plaintiffs argued that the releases were ineffective and that the palupatti could not be relied upon, while…

The appellant, Dharmendra Sharma, purchased an apartment from the Agra Development Authority (ADA) and sought possession after paying the agreed price, but ADA's offer of possession on 4 December 2014 was made without a completion certificate or firefighting clearance certificate. The appellant filed a consumer complai…

The appellant was convicted and sentenced to death for the rape and murder of a 3‑year‑9‑month‑old child based on three strands of circumstantial evidence: a disputed 'last seen together' testimony, an alleged extra‑judicial confession, and a forensic soil match. The Supreme Court examined whether the investigation was…

The appellant, Tahir V. Isani, purchased a property in 2007 from M/s Rizvi Estate & Hotels Pvt. Ltd., a bona‑fide buyer who derived title from the original owner and not from the judgment‑debtor (the Maliks). The Maliks, as judgment‑debtors, had obtained a decree in a 1996 suit for ejectment, which was later executed a…

The appellant, Gyanendra Singh, was convicted for raping his nine‑year‑old daughter, resulting in convictions under Sections 376(2)(f) and 376(2)(i) of the IPC and Sections 3 and 4 of the POCSO Act, with a life sentence and a fine. He appealed, arguing that because the offences overlapped, the special law (POCSO) under…

The appellant Sanjay was convicted of murder and rape of a four‑year‑old girl, X, and sentenced to death by the trial court, a decision affirmed by the High Court. The prosecution's case relied on the victim’s last‑seen testimony, an extra‑judicial confession by the accused that led to the recovery of the body and clot…

Century Textiles entered into a lease for Block‑A in 1928 under the Bombay Improvement Trust Transfer Act, 1925, with a 28‑year term that expired in 1955. The lease required the construction of poorer‑class dwellings and contained no clause obligating the Municipal Corporation of Greater Mumbai to convey the land after…

The appellant, Rajendra Anant Varik, was convicted under Section 138 of the Negotiable Instruments Act for a dishonoured cheque and was ordered to pay compensation. He appealed, and the First Appellate Court acquitted him, holding that the complainant was an unlicensed money‑lender under the Goa Money‑Lenders Act, whic…

The appellant, father of the deceased Dharminder Singh, challenged the High Court's order quashing a summons issued by the trial court under Section 319 of the CrPC against respondent No.2 (Varinder Singh) for alleged abetment to suicide. The incident involved a confrontation on 10 May 2016 where the deceased was taunt…

The State of Madhya Pradesh filed a criminal appeal challenging the High Court's order that quashed FIR No. 551 of 2015, which alleged offences under Sections 420, 466, 467, 468, 471 and 120B IPC relating to fraudulent sale of government land. The dispute originated from a civil suit over possession of the suit propert…

The Supreme Court examined the constitutional validity of the Karnataka Motor Vehicles Taxation and Certain Other Law (Amendment) Act, 2003, which repealed the Karnataka Contract Carriages (Acquisition) Act, 1976, and whether the State Transport Authority (STA) could delegate the power to grant contract carriage, speci…

Abdul Jabbar was convicted by a trial court for offences under Sections 323 and 325 read with Section 34 of the Indian Penal Code, receiving three months' imprisonment for the former and one year with a fine of Rs.500 for the latter. The High Court, noting a 13‑year delay in the proceedings, reduced the latter sentence…

The appellant was convicted under sections 3(a) and 4 of the Protection of Children from Sexual Offences (POCSO) Act and sentenced by the Sessions Court to ten years of rigorous imprisonment, a fine of Rs.5,000, a three‑month default sentence of simple imprisonment and a compensation of Rs.1,00,000 to the victim. The H…

The petitioner sought a writ under Article 32 of the Constitution directing all States and Union Territories to implement Section 6 of the Anand Marriage Act, 1909, which mandates rules for registering Sikh Anand Karaj marriages. The Court noted that while some jurisdictions had notified such rules, many had not, resul…

The appellants, who are relatives of the complainant, filed a petition under Section 482 of the CrPC seeking to quash FIR No. 21 of 2019 alleging offences under IPC sections 420, 342, 294(b) and 506(1). The complainant claimed he had invested Rs. 1.5 crore in a Nissan car dealership run by the appellants, was denied pa…

The appellant was convicted of kidnapping, rape, and murder of a minor based entirely on circumstantial evidence, a confession narrated by a police officer, and DNA/FSL reports. The Supreme Court examined the reliability of the 'last seen' testimony, the admissibility of the confession under Sections 24, 25 and 26 of t…

Sovaran Singh Prajapati was convicted of murdering his wife and daughter under Sections 302 and 201 IPC and sentenced to death by the Trial Court, a judgment affirmed by the Allahabad High Court. The appellant challenged the conviction on the ground that the trial was not a fair trial, citing numerous procedural irregu…

Mission Accessibility, a disability‑rights organization, filed a writ petition seeking modification of the scribe‑registration timeline for the Civil Services Examination and the introduction of laptops with screen‑reader software and accessible digital question papers for visually‑impaired candidates. The petition arg…

The appellant, a real‑estate developer, was penalised by the National Consumer Disputes Redressal Commission (NCDRC) with 27 penalties under Section 27 of the Consumer Protection Act for failing to deliver possession of residential units. While insolvency proceedings were initiated against the appellant under Section 9…

The appellant was convicted under Sections 120B, 468 and 471 of the IPC for allegedly preparing a postal cover that transmitted a forged marksheet. The prosecution’s case hinged on the testimony of a handwriting expert who claimed the cover bore the appellant’s handwriting, but the original postal cover was never produ…

The appellants, senior firemen of the Pune Municipal Corporation, challenged the corporation's order that reduced their retirement age from 60 to 58 years based on a reclassification of their post as Class III under the 2014 Recruitment Rules. The High Court had upheld the lower retirement age, interpreting the newer c…

The Supreme Court examined two civil appeals challenging the decisions of the National Consumer Disputes Redressal Commission, State Commission and District Forum, which had held the insurer liable to pay the sum assured after the assured's suicide. The central issue was the date from which an insurance policy becomes …

The plaintiffs filed a suit seeking a declaration that a 2011 sale deed was void, claiming ownership of a parcel of land based on an alleged oral partition among four brothers and a will executed by one brother. The trial court and the subordinate appellate court dismissed the suit, finding that the oral partition was …

The appellant, Brij Narayan Shukla, purchased a 3500 sq. ft. plot by a registered sale deed dated 21 January 1966 and sought an injunction with alternative relief for possession after the respondents obstructed construction in 1975. The respondents claimed title by adverse possession, alleging continuous possession sin…

The appellant, a Scheduled Caste candidate with benchmark disabilities, secured a high rank in the NEET‑UG 2024 examination and applied for admission to the MBBS UG course at AIIMS, New Delhi under the SC‑PwBD quota. The Vardhman Mahavir Medical College’s disability certification board deemed him ineligible under NMC n…

The New Mangalore Port Trust (NMPT) had revised licence fees for land allotted to several licensees and issued demand notices for arrears. The licensees challenged the retrospective application of the revised tariff before the Karnataka High Court, which dismissed their writ petitions, leading NMPT to file writ petitio…

The appellant, brother of the deceased, filed FIRs alleging that the deceased wife was subjected to relentless dowry demands and cruelty by her in‑laws, culminating in her death by strangulation within two years of marriage. The trial court denied bail to the accused in‑laws, but the High Court later granted bail to al…

The appellant, Rajnish Singh, was charged under Sections 376, 384, 323, 504 and 506 IPC for alleged sexual exploitation and blackmail of the complainant, who claimed he promised marriage and later married another woman. The complainant alleged a 16‑year consensual relationship that began with a forced act in 2006, duri…

The appellant, Vinod K. Bhagora, served as a Postal Assistant for the Central Government from 1983 to 1993 and then joined the Gujarat State Government as a Senior Assistant after obtaining a No‑Objection Certificate and tendering a technical resignation. He sought to have his ten years of Central Government service co…

The case concerned the conviction of Tarun Sharma under Section 302 IPC for the murder of Munish Kumar, based primarily on a dying declaration recorded by a police Sub‑Inspector. The Supreme Court examined whether the dying declaration was reliable, given that the victim had been unconscious for most of the period, the…

The appellant society applied to register as a new Primary Agricultural Credit Co-operative Society (PACCS) but the Scrutiny Committee rejected the application on grounds of lack of financial viability and failure to meet statutory criteria. The State of Maharashtra, exercising its discretion under the Maharashtra Co-o…

The appellant lodged an FIR in 1999 alleging assault, abduction and other offences under Sections 147, 148, 149, 323 and 364 IPC against three accused. During trial, the accused entered into a settlement agreement with one victim (Respondent No.5) but the original complainant (the appellant) was neither a party to nor …