WESTERN INDIA PLYWOOD LTD.versusSHRI. P. ASHOKAN

A                       WESTERN INDIA PLYWOOD LTD.
                                      v.
                             SHRI. P. ASHOKAN

                               SEPTEMBER 19, 1997

B                  [S.B. MAJMUDAR AND B.N. KIRPAL, JJ.]


           Labour law-Employees' State Insurance Act, 1948-Ss. 53, 61, and 2
    (8)-Compensation for employment injury, where compensation already
C   granted under ES! Act-Suit for damages by an insured person-Bar under
    Sec. 53-Held, applicable not only to relief under any statute but also to a
    claim in torts-Hence, application under Or. 33 R. l ofCPC seeking permission
    to file such a suit rightly rejected by the trial Court-Civil Procedure Code,
    1908-0r. 33 R.1-Constitution of India, 1950-Art. 136.

D         Ss.53-0bject-To save the employer from facing more than one claim
    in relation to the same accident.

          The respondent was an employee in the factory of the appellant-Company.
    While working on the roller mill, the respondent met with an accident and
    one of his hands was amputated. However, the appellant-Company allowed him
E   to continue in the service without any reduction in remuneration. The
    Employees' State Insurance Act, 1948 was applicable to the respondent and
    as such the disability benefit was paid to him. The respondent, while in service
    filed an application in the Civil Court under Or. 33 R. 1 of CPC seeking
    permission to file a suit against the appellant for compensation for the injuries
F   sustained by him. The Trial Court, in view of Sec. 53 ofESI Act, dismissed
    the application.

          The respondent thereafter filed an appeal before the High Court. The
    Full Bench of the High Court held that the provision of Sections 53 and 61 of
G   ESI Act did not bar an action by an injured employee under tort for
    compensation against the employer and allowed the appeal. Hence this appeal
    by special leave.

         The respondent opposed the appeal on the ground that Sec. 53 of the
    Act should not be construed in such a way as to prevent an employee from
H   bringing about an action in tort and in the alternative he contended that the
                                          180
            WESTERN INDIA PLYWOOD LTD. v. P. ASHOKAN                         181

Supreme Court, in exercise of its jurisdiction under Art. 136 of the                A
Constitution, should not interfere in the present case.

      Allowing the appeal, this Court

      HELD : 1. It is clear that Sec. 53 of the ESI Act disentitles an employee
who has suffered an employment injury from receiving or recovering                  B
compensation or damages under the workmen's compensation Act or any
other law for the time being in force or otherwise. The use of expression "or
otherwise" would clearly indicate that this section in not limited to ousting
the relief claimed only under any statue but the wordings of the section are
such that an insured person would not be entitled to make a claim in Torts          C
which has the force of law under the ESI Act. Even though the ESI Act is a
beneficial legislation the legislature had thought it fit to prohibit an insured
person from receiving or recovering compensation or damages under any
other law, including torts, in case where the injury had been sustained by
him is an employment injury. (187-A-C)
                                                                                    D
      A. Trehan v. Associated Electrical Agencies and Anr., [1996] 4 SCC 255:
(1996) SCC (L&S) 928; K.S. Vasantha .v. K SRTC, (1982) 60·FJR 118 (Kant)
and Annapurna v. G.M Karna/aka SRTC, (1984) Lab IC 1355: (1984) ACJ
238 (Kant), approved.
                                                                                    E
     Hindustan Aeronautic Ltd., v. P. Venu Perumal, AIR (1972) Mys 255 :
(1972) ACJ 266, distinguished.

      2. The ESI Act has been enacted to provide certain benefits to the
employees in case of sickness, maternity and employment injury and to make
provisions in respect thereof. The claims by the employees against the employer     F
where the relationship of the employer and employee exists are meant to be
governed by the ESI Act alone. The object of Sec. 53 of the ESI Act, is to save
the employer from facing more than one claim in relation to the same accident.
So, the claim of the respondent for damages being barred under Sec. 53 of
the Act and the Trial Court was right in dismissing the application under Or.       G
33 R.1 of the Code of Civil Procedure. [187-D-E]

    Mangalamma v. Express Newspaper Ltd, AIR (1982) Mad 223 : (1982)
1 MLJ 149, referred to.

      3. The position of law is clear and concluded and there is no justification   H
    182                      SUPREME COURT REPORTS [1997] SUPP. 4 S.C.R.

A   for the Supreme Court not exercising its jurisdiction under Art. 136 of the
    Constitution to correct the incorrect decision of the High Court on a point of
    law. [187-F]

          A. Trehan v Associated Electrical Agencies and Anr., (1996] 4 SCC 255:
B   (1996] sec (L&S) 928, referred to.

          CIVIL APPELLATE JURISDICTION: Civil Appeal No. 1404of1988.

          From the Judgment and Order dated 22.12.86 of the Kerala High Court
    in C.M.A. No. 184of1983.

c         A.S. Nambiar, Ms. Shanta Vasudevan and P.K. Manohar for the Appellant.

          Manoj Swarup, Ms. Lalita Kohli for Mis. Manoj Swarup & Co., Advs.
    for the Respondent.

          The Judgment of the Court was delivered by
D
          KIRP AL, J. The Sole question which arises for consideration in this
    appeal is whether the respondent, who is an employee of the appellant, can
    claim damages from the appellant on account of the injury suffered by him
    during the course of employment when he has already received the benefit
    under the provisions of the Employees State Insurance Act 1948 (hereinafter
E
    referred to as the 'ESI Act').

         Briefly stated the facts are that the appellant is a company owning and
   operating a plywood factory. The respondent, who was working with the
   company, met with an accident when he was feeding the DAP compound into
F the roller mill by pushing it with his own hand. As a result of this accident
   one of his hands was amputated. Notwithstanding this accident, the appellant
 . allowed the respondent to continue in its service without any reduction in
   remuneration.

          The ESI Act was applicable to the employees of the appellant company,
G   including the respondent. After the aforesaid accident a claim was made
    thereunder and c.s a result thereof the disability benefit of Rs. 260 per month
    on account of permanent/partial disablement was ordered to be paid to the
    respondent. This decision of the Employees State Insurance Corporation to
    pay the said amount was not challenged. It is the case of the appellant that
H   besides this benefit under the ES! Act, the medical expenses for the treatment
     WESTERN INDIA PLYWOOD LTD. v. P. ASHOKAN [KIRPAL, J.]                   183
of the respondent were also borne by it and in fact the said respondent             A
received the best medical treatment available in that area.

     While still in service the respondent filed OP No. 108 of 1981 in the
Court of Subordinate Judge, Tellichery, under Order 33 Rule I of the Code of
Civil Procedure, seeking permission of the Court to allow him to file a suit        B
against the appellant herein for Rs. 1,50,000 as compensation for the injuries
sustained by him on account of the aforesaid accident which had taken place
in April, 1980, This application was opposed by the appellant herein, inter
alia, on the ground that it was liable to be dismissed under Order 33 Rule 5
(d) and (f) of the Code of Civil Procedure, in view of the provisions of Section
53 of the ES! Act, which barred the receiving or recovery of any compensation       C
or damages by an employee under any law other than the Employees State
Insurance Act. This contention of the appellant was upheld and the Subordinate
Court dismissed the said application of the respondent.

      The respondent thereafter filed an appeal before the High Court of            D
Kerala. A Division Bench of the High Court doubted the correctness of an
earlier Bench decision on the same question and, consequently, the case was
referred to a Full Bench. The Full Bench consisting of three learned judges
held that the provisions of Section 53 and 61 of the ESi Act did not bar an
action by an injured employee under tort for compensation against the
0niployer. It accordingly aHov.-ed the appeal and directed the application of the   E
respondent under Order 33 Rule I to be decided by the trial court on merits
and in accordance with law. Hence this appeal by special leave.

       It was submitted by Mr. A.S. Nambiar, learned senior counsel for the
appellant, that the Employees State Insurance Act is a self contained code          F
and the insured employees, like the respondent, are entitled to the benefit in
case of injury suffered under the provisions of the ES! Act and such employees
in the case of an employment injury are debarred from making any claim under
any other act or law. In this connection our attention was drawn to the
relevant provisions of the ES! Act. Mr. Manoj Swamp, learned counsel for
the respondent, on the other hand, submitted that Section 53 should be              G
construed in such a way that an aggrieved employee is able to receive
adequate compensation on account of the injury which is sustained by him.
It was contended that the amount which was paid under the ES! Act could
not be regarded as an adequate measure of damages suffered by the
respondent and, therefore, Section 53 should not be construed in such a way         H
    184                       SUPREME COURT REPORTS [1997] SUPP. 4 S.C.R.

A   as to prevent an employee from bringing about an action in tort. In the
    alternative it was submitted that this Court, in exercise of its jurisdiction under
    Article 136 of the Constitution, should not interfere in the present case.

           There are only three provisions of the ESI Act which are relevant for
    the present case. Section 2(8) defines the term 'employment injury' and reads
B   as follows :

                " 'employment injury' means a perennial injury to an employee
            caused by accident or an occupational disease arising out of and in
            the course of his employment, being an insurable employment whether
            the accident occurs or the occupational disease is contracted within
c           or outside the territorial limits of India."

    The two other sections with which we are concerned in this case are Sections
    53 and 61 which are as follows :

D           "53. Bar against receiving or recovery of compensation on damages
            under any other law:- An insured person or his dependents shall not
            be entitled to receive or recover, whether from the employer of the
            insured person or from any other person, any compensation or damages
            under the Workmen's Compensation Act, 1923 (8of1923) or any other
            law for the time being in force or otherwise, in respect of an
E
            employment injury sustained by the insured person as an employee
            under this Act.

            61. Bar of benefits under other enactments:- When a person is entitled
            to any of the benefits provided by this Act, he shall not be entitled
F           to receive any similar benefit admissible under the provisions of any
            other enactment."

          The aforesaid provisions have been construed by different Court
    including this Court. Mr. Nambiar first relied upon the decision of the Karnataka
    High Court in K.S. Vasantha and Ors. v. Karnataka State Road Transport
G   Corporation, (1982) 60 FJR 118, wherein it was held, while construing Section
    53 of the ESI Act, that where workmen travelling to work on a transport
    provided by the employer had suffered injury by an accident caused to the
    vehicle, it amounted to employment injury and that Section 53 was a bar to ·,
    any claim by the insured under any other law or the Workmen's Compensation
H   Act, 1923. Their remedy, it was held, was only to claim compensation or
    . WESTERN INDIA PLYWOOD LTD. v. P. ASHOKAN [KIRPAL, J.]                 185
damages from the Employees State Insurance Corporation. To the same effect         A
is the judgment of the Madras High Court in the case of Mangalamma and
Ors., v. Express Newspapers Ltd. and Anr., AIR (1982) Madras 223. While
construing Section 53 the Madras High Court held that the object of Section
53 of the Act was to save the employer from facing more than one claim in
relation to the same accident. In Annapurna and Ors. v. General Manager,           B
Karnataka State Road Transport Corporation, Bangalore and Ors., (1984)
Lab. I.C. Journal 1355, a Division Bench of the Kamataka High Court followed
its earlier judgments and reiterated that Section 53 created a bar to the
recovery of compensation under any other law in cases where the insured
person had received an employment injury.
                                                                                   c
      Mr. Swarup, however, relied on the decision in the case of Hindustan
Aeronautics Ltd v. P. Venu Perumal andAnr., AIR (1972) Mysore 255. It was
held by the Mysore High Court that the right to.sue under the Motor Vehicles
Act originates from the substantive law, namely, the law of tort. This law was
not an enactment and, consequently, the provisions of Section 61 of the ES!        D
Act could not prohibit an employee from making a claim under Section 110
of the Motor Vehicles Act claiming damages on account of injuries suffered
in an accident. Though the observations in the said judgment do support the
submission of Mr. Swarup but the High Court did not consider in that case
the applicability and effect of Section 53, with which we are concerned here.      E

       The position with regard to the claim of an employee against his employer
on his suffering an employment injury now stands settled with the decision
of this Court in A. Trehan v. Associated Electrical Agencies and Anr., [1996]
4 sec 255. In that case Trehan, who was an employee of the respondent,             F
received injuries on his face while he was carrying out repairs of a television
in the course of his employment as a result of which he lost vision in the left
eye. After receiving the benefit from the Employees' State Insurance Corporation
under the ESI Act he served a notice on the respondent demanding Rs. 7.
lacs as compensation. Thereafter he filed an application under the Workmen's       G
Compensation Act claiming compensation of Rs. 1,06,785. The employer
objected to the maintainability of the same and relied upon Section 53 of the
ES! Act. The Commissioner overruled the employer's objection and followed
the judgment of the Full Bench of the Kerala High Court in the present case
and observed that ES! being a welfare legislation, the Parliament could not
have intended to create a bar against the workmen claiming more advantageous       H
    186                       SUPREME COURT REPORTS (1997] SUPP. 4 S.C.R.

A benefit under the Workmen's Compensation Act. The single judge of the High
    Court dismissed the writ petition filed by the employer but the Division
    Bench, in appeal, held that in view of the bar created by Section 53, the
    application for compensation filed by Trehan was not maintainable. This
    Court analysed the provisions of Section 53 of the ESI Act and observed at
B   page 260 as follows:

                 "In this background and context we have to consider the effect
            of the bar created by Section 53 of the ESI Act. Bar is against
            receiving or recovering any compensation or damages under the
            Workmen's Compensation Act or any other law for the time being in
C           force or otherwise in respect of an employment injury. The bar is
            absolute as can be seen from the use of the words shall not be
            entitled to receive or recover, "whether from the employer of the
            insured person or from any other person", "any compensation or
            damages" and "under the Workmen's Compensation Act, 1923 (8 of
            1923), or any other law for the time being in force or otherwise". The
D
            words "employed by the legislature" are clear and unequivocal. When
            such a bar is created in clear and express terms it would neither be
            permissible nor proper to infer a different intention by referring to the
            previous history of the legislation. That would amount to bypassing
            the bar and defeating the object of the provision. In view of the clear
E           language of the section we find no justification in interpreting or
            construing it as not taking away the right of the workmen who is an
            insured person and an employee under the ES! Act to claim
            compensation under the Workmen's Compensation Act. We are of the
            opinion that the High Court was right in holding that in view of the
F           bar created by Section 53 the application for compensation filed by
            the appellant under the Workmen's Compensation Act was not
            maintainable."

  The judgment under appeal in the present case of the Full Bench of the Kerala
G High Court was considered and it was observed that "we cannot agree with
  some of the assumptions and observations made by the Kerala High Court.
  Moreover, the Kerala High Court has taken that view without referring to and
  considering the effect of the clear and express words used in that section."

          In view of the aforesaid obs¥rvations in Trehan's case, with which we
H respectfully agree, it is clear that the respondent could not make a claim for
         WESTERN INDIA PLYWOOD LTD. v. P. ASHOKAN [KIRPAL, J.] 187

    damages. Section 53 disentitles an employee who has suffered an employment         A
    injury from receiving or recovering compensation or damages under the
    Workmen's Compensation Act or any other law for the time being in force or
    otherwise. The use of the expression "or otherwise" would clearly indicate
    that this section is not limited to ousting the relief claimed only under any
    statute but the wordings of the section are such that an insured person would      B
•   not be entitled to make a claim in Torts which has the force of law under the
    ESI Act. Even though the ESI Act is a beneficial legislation the Legislature
    had thought it fit to prohibit an insured person from receiving or recovering
    compensation or damages under any other law, including Torts, in cases
    where the injury had been sustained by him is an employment injury.
                                                                                       c
          The ESI Act has been enacted to provide certain benefits to the
    employees in case of sickness, maternity and employment injury and make ·
    provisions in respect thereof. Under this Act contribution is made not only
    by the employee but also by the employer. The claims by the employees
    against the employer where the relationship of'the employer and employee D
    exists were meant to be governed by the ESI.Act alone. It is precisely for this
    reason that the Madras High Court in Mangalamma's case (supra) had
    observed that the object of Section 53 of the ES! Act was to save the
    employer from facing more than one claim in relation to the same accident.
    This, in our opinion, is the correct reading of the said provision. This being E
    so the claim of the respondent for damages being barred under Section 53 of
    the ESI Act, the trial court was right in dismissing the application under Order
    33 Rule I of the Code of Civil Procedure.

          The position in law being clear and concluded by the decision of this
    Court in Trehan's case (supra) we see no justification for the Court not           F
    exercising its jurisdiction under Article 136, as was contended by the
    respondent's counsel. The incorrect decision on a point of law of the High
    Court has to be corrected.

          During the course of hearing it had been argued that Section 53 should
    not be construed in such a way that an insured person cannot raise a claim         G
    against a third party in the event of his suffering an employment injury. It was
    submitted that though qua the employer only one remedy may be available,
    namely, under the ES! Act but as far as third persons are concerned Section
    53 cannot be taken up as a defence to an action in tort in a claim being made
    for damages because the ES! Act creates certain rights as a result of the          H
    188                      SUPREME COURT REPORTS (1997] SUPP. 4 S.C.R.

A employment qua the employer and has no application as far as third parties
    are concerned. In this connection it was submitted that the use of the words
    'employment injury' in Section 53 relates to a claim which is relatable to the
    employment of the insured person with his employer.

            In our opinion, though there is considerable force in the said submission
                                                                                         .   .
B   but_ it is not necessary for the decision of the present case to decide this issue
                                                                                             ~-

    finally because in the instant case the claim which was sought to be made
    was not against the third party but against the employer itself. Perhaps this
    question may require consideration in an appropriate case.

C         For the aforesaid reasons this appeal is allowed. The judgment of the
    High Court is set aside and that of the trial court dismissing the respondent's
    application under Order 33 Rule 1 of the Code of Civil procedure is restored.
    There will be no order as to costs.

    B.K.S.                                                          Appeal allowed.




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