Holding

Section 17‑B does not preclude a court from passing appropriate interlocutory orders granting benefits beyond the statutory "full wages last drawn", and the High Court's order directing payment of regular salary is valid.

Summary

The respondent, a former personal driver of Dena Bank's regional manager, claimed to be a workman and obtained a Labour Court award for reinstatement with back wages. Dena Bank challenged the award in the Allahabad High Court, which stayed the award on the condition that the bank reinstate the respondent and pay him regular salary. The bank failed to reinstate and sought modification; the High Court ordered payment of the regular pay scale from the date of filing the writ petition and directed arrears to be paid within seven days. The bank appealed, arguing that Section 17‑B of the Industrial Disputes Act limits payment to "full wages last drawn" and that the High Court’s order was erroneous. The Supreme Court held that Section 17‑B does not bar a court from granting interlocutory orders that provide greater benefits than the statutory minimum, and that the High Court’s direction to pay regular salary was valid, though any excess over the amount payable under Section 17‑B may be recovered if the bank succeeds in the writ petition. Consequently, the appeal was allowed, upholding the High Court’s order.

Issues considered

Whether Section 17‑B of the Industrial Disputes Act, 1947 precludes a High Court from directing payment of regular salary (full salary on reinstatement) to a workman pending pendency of proceedings challenging a Labour Court award.
Whether the High Court's interlocutory order directing the employer to pay the regular pay‑scale to the respondent from the date of filing the writ petition is sustainable.

Legislation cited

Industrial Disputes Act, 1947s. 10, s. 11-A, s. 17-B

Subjects

Industrial DisputeSection 17-BReinstatementInterim OrderWages Last DrawnHigh CourtSupreme CourtLabour LawEmployer-Employee RelationsBack Wages

Judgment

>-·
REGIONAL AUTHORITY, DENA BANK AND ANR. A
-v:
GHANSHYAM

MAYS,2001

[SYED SHAH MOHAMMED QUADRI AND S.N. PHUKAN, JJ.] B

labour laws :

Industrial Dt:~putes Act, 1947:

Section 17-B-Object and scope of-Award by labour Court reinstating
c
the workman-High Court staying the award in writ petition with direction
to employer to pay regular pay scale to workman with effect from date of
filing of writ petition-Contention by employer that worfuJ1qi1 entitled only
to lrages last drawn under Section 17-B-Tenability of-Held, in terms of the
order of High Court, the salary' which ought to be paid to workman could D
not be anything other than the salwy which he would be entitled to on
reinstatement-Question of payment of "full wages last drawn" not arising
as High Court not granting relief in terms of Section 17-B-Section 17-B not
precluding Courts from passing appropriate interlocutory orders having
regard to the facts and circumstances of the case-However, in the interest E
of justice, employer held entitled to recover payment of amounts over and
above the amount payable under Section 17-B in the event of his succeeding
in the writ petition before High Court.

Respondent was engaged as a personal driver by Regional Manager of
appellant Bank. At the end of tenure of the said Regional Manager, services F
of respondent were terminated, whereafter he raised an industrial dispute
claiming to be a workman of appellant Bank. Labour Court passed an award
ordering his reinstatement with back wages holding him a workman of the
appellant Bank. Aforesaid award was assailed by appellant Bank in a writ
petition before High Court. High Court stayed the award of Labour Court on
condition of appellant Bank reinstating respondent in service and paying G
him salary regularly in accordance with law. Appellant Bank, however, did
not reinstate respondent and filed an application for modification of the
aforesaid order of High Court. Pursuant thereto, High Court modified its
earlier order to the extent that appellant Bank shall pay salary to respondent
regularly in accordance with law from the date of filing of writ petition; that H
591
592 SUPREME COURT REPORTS [2001] 3 S.C.R:

A arrears of salary from date of filing of writ petition shall be paid within a
period of seven days of the order and thereafter as and when salary was being
paid to the other staff of the bank. On a complaint regarding non-compliance
of this order, the case was again taken up by High Court which directed
appellant Bank to pay regular pay scale to respondent with effect from date
of filing of writ petition within one month of producing a certified copy of
B the order of Court. Against this order, present appeal has been filed.

On behalf of the appellant, it was contended that under Section 17-B
of the !ndustri-al Disputes Act, 1947, respondent was entitled to wages last
~rawn pending further proceedings in the High Court and therefore High "---
C Court was in error in directing payment of regular wages to the respondent.

On behalf of the respondent, it was contended thai Section 17-B did not
restrict the powers of the High Court in passing appropriate orders on the
merits of the case; that the High Court stayed the award subject to appellant
Bank reinstating respondent and paying him salary regularly in accordance
D with law which entitled him to receive full salary which was not contrary to
Section 17-B of the Industrial Disputes Act.

Allowing the appeal, the Court
+
HELD: 1. By interim order the High Court did not grant relief in
E terms of Section 17-B of Industrial Disputes Act, nay, there is no reference
to that Section in the orders of the High Court. Therefore, in this case the
question of payment of "full wages last drawn" to the respondent does not
arise. The High Court directed appellant to pay regular pay scale to respondent
with effect from the date of filing of the writ petition within one month of
producing a certified copy of the order of the Court. No exception can be
F taken to that order. Obviously, in terms of the order of the High Court, the
salary which ought to be paid to respondent could not be anything other than
the salary which he would be entitled to on reinstatement, a fortiori, he would
also be entitled to the arrears at the same rate. However, while passing an
interlocutory order the interests of the employer should not be lost sight of.
G Even though the amount paid by the employer under Section 17-B to the
workman cannot be directed to be refunded in the event he loses the case
in the writ petition, any amount over an_d above the sum payable u_nder the
said provision, has to be refunded by workman. Hence, in the present case
if the appellant succeeds in the writ petition, it will be entitled to recover the
difference of amount (Le. amount paid under the impugned order less the
H amount payable under Section 17-B of the Act) from the respondent in
REGIONAL /\UTl-IORITY. DENA BANK v. Gl-IANSHY AM [QUADRI • .I.] 593

accordance with law. 1598-D-H; A-B, F, HJ A
2. Section 17-B of the 1ndustrial Disputes Act does not preclude t'he
High Courts or Supreme Court under Articles 226 and 136 of the
Constitution respectively from passing appropriate interlocutery orders,
having regard to the facts and circumstances of the case, in the interests
of justice. The court may, depending on the facts of a case, dir~ct paym~nt ·s
of full wages last drawn under Section 17-B of the Industrial Disputes Act
only by the employer to the workman. The question whether a workman is
entitled to the full wages last drawn or full salary which he would be entitl~d
to in the event of reinstatement while the award is under challenge in the
High Courts or Supreme Court depends upon the terms of the order passed C
by the Court, which has to be determined on interpretation of the order
granting relief. (596-G-H; 597-A-BI
Dena Bank v. Kiritikumar T Patel, IJ 99912 SCC 106, referred to.
CIVIL APPELLATE JURISDICTION : Civil Appeal No. 3731 of
2001. D
From the Judgment and Order dated 4.5.2000 of the Allahabad High
Court in W.P. No. 7548 of 1996.

P.P. Rao Sr. Advocate, Ramji Srinivasan, Ms. Geeta Nair, Navender
Singh and Rajiv Mehta for the Appellants.
E
M.C. Dhingra for the Respondent.

The Judgment of the Court was delivered by

-SYED SHAH MOHAMMED QUADRI, J. Leave is granted.

This appeal arises from the order of the High Court of Judicature at F
Allahabad, Lucknow Bench, in Writ Petition No. 7548(S/S) of 1996 dated May
4, 2000. The respondent who was engaged as a personal driver by the
Regional Manager of the Dena Bank at Lucknow - the appellant, claimed to
be a workman of the Dena Bank. At the end of the tenure of the incumben't
/Regional Manager of Dena Bank at Lucknow, the services of the respondent G
were terminated with effect from August 1990. He raised an industrial dispute
under the Industrial Disputes Act, 1947 (for short, 'the Act') with regard to
his retrenchment and eventually, on May 8, 1996, the Labour Court passed
an award holding that the respondent was a driver of the Dena Bank;
termination of his service was bad in law and ordered his reinstatement with
back wages. The correctness of that award was assailed by the appellant in H
594 SUPREME COURT REPORTS [200 I] 3 S.C. R.

A the aforesaid writ petition in the High Court. By the impugned order dated
May 4, 2000, the High Court directed the appellant to pay regular pay-scale
to the respondent with effect from December 6, 1996, within one month from
the date of production of a certified copy of that order; failing which the
appellant should appear before the court on July 4, 2000. That order is under
challenge in this appeal.
B
Mr. P.P. Rao, the learned senior counsel appearing for the appellant,
has contended that under Section 17-8 of the Act the respondent is entitled
0
to the wages last drawn as interpreted by this Court in Dena Bank v.
Kiritikumar T. Patel, [ 1999] 2 SCC 106 and, therefore, the High Court was in
C error in directing payment of regular wages to the respondent. He .invited our
attention to the order of this Court dated August 7, 2000 recording the
statement of the counsel for the appellant that the pay last drawn by the
respondent before termination of the services was Rs. 900 which was being
paid as per Section 17-B of the Act pending further proceedings in the High
Court and~ therefore, the order under challenge deserves to be set aside.
D
Mr. M.C. Dhingra, the learned counsel appearing for the respondent,
has submitted that Section 17-8 of the Act ensures that the minimum amount
mentioned therein is paid to the workman during pendency of the proceedings +
in the High Courts or the Supreme Court but it does not restrict the powers
of the High Court in passing appropriate orders on the merits of the case. In
E this case, submitted the learned counsel, the High Court stayed the award
subject to the appellant reinstating the respondent and paying him salary
regularly in accordance with law and that order was modified on February 17,
1997 which entitles him to receive full salary which is not contrary to Section
17-8, as such he is entitled to full salary under the orders of the High Court.
F In support of his contention he has relied on paragraph 23 of the judgment
in Dena Bank's case (supra).

The short question that arises for consideration is : whether the order
of the High Cou1t directing payment of regular salary payable on reinstatement
as on the date of the order to the respondent, which is over and above full
G wages last drawn occurring in Section 17-8 of the Act, is sustainable.

In a case where a workman is retrenched the reJationsh-ip of master and
servant comes to an end so thereafter the workman is not entitled to receive
any emoluments from his employer. This principle is not disturbed by the
provisions of the Act. However, the Act provides, inter alia, a machinery for
H a workman to raise an industrial dispute in regard to validity of his retrenchment
REGION/\!. /\UTHORITY. DENA BANK 1'. GHANSllYAM [QUADRl.J.] 595

which will be adjudicated by Industrial Tribunal/Labour Court on reference A
under Section I0 of the Act. If a Tribunal/Labour Court holds the termination
to be illegal, Section 11-A of the Act empowers it to set aside such order of
discharge or dismissal, and direct reinstatement of the workman on terms and
conditions as it thinks fit and to give such relief to the workman including
the award of any lesser punishment in lieu of discharge or dismissal as the
circumstances of the case may require. When the award passed by the Labour B
Court is challenged in the High Court or the Supreme Court, the Court may,
having regard to the facts and circumstances of the case, stay the award or
pass such other interim order as it may deem fit.

Section 17-8 which is inserted in the Act by the Industrial Disputes C
(Amendment) Act, 1982, reads as follows :

"17-B. Payment of full wages to workman pending proceedings in
higher courts -

Where in any case, a Labour Court, Tribunal or National Tribunal by D
its award directs reinstatement of any workman and the employer
prefers any proceedings against such award in a High Court or the
Supreme Court, the employer shall be liable to pay such workman,
during the period of pendency of such proceedings in the High Court
or the Supreme Court, full wages last drawn by him, inclusive of any
maintenance allowance admissible to him under any rule ifthe workman E
had not been employed in any establishment during such period and
an affidavit by such workman had been filed to that effect in such
Court:

Provided that where it is proved to the satisfaction of the High
Court or the Supreme Court that such workman had been employed F
and had been receiving adequate remuneration during any such period
or part thereof, the Court shall order that no wages shall be payable
under this section for such period or part, as the case may be."

Section 17-8 provides that where the employer prefers any proceeding G
against an award directing reinstatement of any workman, the employer shall
be liable to pay such workman, during the period of pendency of such
proceedings in the High Court or the Supreme Court, full wages last drawn
by him inclusive of any maintenance allowance admissible to him under any
rule if the workman had not been employed in any establishment during such
period and an affidavit by such workman ha9 been filed to that effect in such H
596 SUPREME COURT REPORTS [2001] 3 S.C.R.

A Court. The proviso says that if the High Court or the Supreme Court is
satisfied that the workman had been employed and had been receiving adequate
remuneration during such period or part thereof, the Court shall order that no >--
wages shall be payable under that section for such period or part, as the case
may be.

B The Statement of objects and reasons for inserting the said provision
indicates that when Labour Courts pass aw.ards of reinstatement, they are
often contested by employers in the Supreme Court and High Courts. To
mitigate the hardship that would be caused due to delay in implementation
..:..._
of the award, it was proposed to provide for payment of wages last drawn
~

c by the workman concerned from the date of the award till the dispute between
the parties is finally decided in the High Courts or the Supreme Court. It
follows that in the event of an employer not reinstating the workman and not
seeking any interim relief in respect of the award directing reinstatement of
the workman or in a case where the court is not inclined to stay such award
in toto the workman has two options either to initiate proceeding to enforce
I)
the .award or be content with receiving the full wages last drawn by him
without prejudice to the resu~t of the proceedings preferred by the employer
against the award till he is reinstated or proceedings are terminated in his
favour, whichever is earlier. In Dena Bank's case (supra), this Court elucidated +
the expression "full wages last drawn" as follows :
E
"The Parliament thought it proper to limit it to the extent of the wages
which were drawn by the workman when he was in service and when
his services were terminated and therefore used the words "full wages
last drawn."

F It may be noticed that Section I 78 of the Act does not preclude the
High Courts or this Court under Articles 226 and I 36 of the Constitution
respectively from passing appropriate interlocutory orders, having regard to
the facts and circumstances of the case, in the interests of justice. [Dena
Bank's case (supra)]. The High Court or this Court may, while entertaining
employer's challenge to the award, in its discretion, in appropriate cases, stay
G
the operation of the award in its entirety or in regard to back wages only or
in regard to reinstatement without interfering with payment of back wages or -·
on payment of wages in future irrespective cff the result of the proceedings
before it etc. ·and/or impose such conditions as to the payment of the salary _)<_
as on the date of the order or a part of the back wages and its withdrawal
H by the workman as it may deem fit in the interests of justice. The court may,
REGION/\L /\UTHORITY, DEN/\ BANK v. GI IANSllY /\M IQU/\DRl..I.] 597

depending on the facts of a case, direct payment of full wages last drawn A
under Section 178 of the Act only by the employer to the workman. The
question whether a workman is entitled to the full wages last drawn or full
salary which he would be entitled to in the event of reinstatement while the
award is under challenge in the High Courts or this Court depends upon the
terms of the order passed by the Court, which has to be determined on
interpretation of the order granting relief. Turning to the facts of this case it B
is seen that on December I 0, 1996, the High Court passed the following order:

"Sri Y.S. Lohit appearing on behalf of the opposite party no. I
prays for and is allowed three weeks time for filing counter affidavit.

Issue notice to the opposite parties nos. 2 and 3. c
In the meantime, Award of the Tribunal shall remain stayed
provided petitioner is reinstated in service and is paid his salary
regularly in accordance with law.
(emphasis supplied).
D
A plain reading of this order shows that the High Court stayed the award of
the Labour Court on condition of the appellant reinstating the respondent in
service and paying him salary regularly in accordance with law. It needs no
1
debate to conclude that on reinstatement the respondent will be entitled to
his salary on a par with other employees working in the same post and it is E
in that meaning that the said clause "and is paid his salary regularly in
accordance with law", has to be understood. The appellant, however, did not
reinstate the respondent but filed an application for modification of that order.
The High Court modified the order on February 17, 1997; while maintaining
the order of stay of the award as ordered on December 10, 1996 the following
modified conditions were incorporated : (i) the appellant shall pay salary to F
the respondent regularly in accordance with law from the date of the writ
petition filed on December 6, 1996 as stated by the counsel for the bank; and
(ii) the arrears of salary from December 6, 1996 shall be paid within a period
of seven days and thereafter as and when the salary is being paid to the other
staff of the bank. It appears that the counsel of the bank also made a G
statement to that effect. On a complaint that the order dated February 17, 1997
was not complied with, the case was taken up on March 31, 2000 and the
appellant was directed to explain as to why the said order has not been
complied with. On May 4, 2000, it was brought to the notice of the Court that
the respondent was being paid Rs. 900 per month which represented the full
wages last drawn. On that date the cou11 directed the appellant to pay the H
598 SUPREME COURT REPORTS [2001] 3 S.C.R.

A regular pay scale to the respondent with effect from December 6, I 996 within
orie month of producing a certified copy of the order of the Court. In our view
no exception can be taken to that order. Obviously, the salary which ought
to be paid to the respondent could not be anything other than the salary
which he would be entitled to on reinstatement, afortiori, he would also be
B entitleg to the arrears at the same rate.

We have mentioned above that the import of Section 17-8 admits of no
doubt that Parliament intended that the workman should get the last drawn
wages from the date of the award till the challenge to the award is finally
decided which is in accord with the Statement of the objects and reasons of
C the Industrial Disputes (Amendment) Act, 1982 by which Section 17-8 was
inserted in the Act. We have also pointed out above that Section I 7-8 does
not preclude the High Courts or this Court from granting better benefits -
more just and equitable on the facts of a case - than contemplated by that
provision to a workman. By interim order the High Court did not grant relief
in terms of Section 17-8, nay, there is no reference to that section in the orders
D of the High Court, therefore, in this case the question of payment of "full
wages last drawn" to the respondent does not arise. In the light of the above
discussion the power of the High Court to pass the impugned order cannot
but be upheld so the respondent is entitled to ·his salary in tt:rms of the said
1
order. ·
E
It must, however, be pointed out that while passing an interlocutory
order the interests of the employer ~hould not be lost sight of. Even though
the amount paid by the employer under Section 17-B to the workman cannot L
I

be directed to be refunded in the evenf he loses the case in the writ petition,
[See : Dena Bank's case (supra)] any amount over and above the sum payable
F under the said provision, has to be r~funded by him. It will, therefore, be in
the interests of justice to ensure, if the facts of the case so justify, that
payment of a'ny amounts over and above the amount .payable under Section
17-8 to him, is ordered to be paid on such terms and conditions as would
enable the employer to recover the same.
G It is broughfto our notice that pursuant to the orders of the High Court
under challenge the appellant had paid the amouot to the respondent. It is
clarified that if the appellant succeeds in the Writ petition, it will be entitled
to recover the difference of amount (i.e. amount paid "under the in{pugned
order less the amount payable under Section 17-8 of the Act) from the
H ·respondent in accordance with law. "
REGIONALAUHIORITY. DENA BANK v. GHANSHYAM [QUADRl,J.] 599

The order under challenge is modified in the above terms and the appeal A
is allowed accordingly; in the circumstances of the case, we make no order
as to costs.

M.P. Appeal allowed.

"'""'··