UNION OF INDIAversusK.N. SIVADAS AND ORS.

                           UNIOi-! OF INDIA                                    A
                                    v.
                       K.N. SIVADAS AND ORS.

                            AUGUST 1, 1997

    [SUJATA V. MANOHAR AND M. JAGANNADHA RAO, JJ.)                             B

       Service Matter-{;asual Labourers (Grant of Temporary Status and
Regulation) Scheme, 1989-Members of Reserved Trained Pool set up under
the Department of Posts/Telegraph, are different from casual labourers-They
enjoy benefits under a special scheme and are absorbed to hold regular C
posts---Cannot claim benefits under the Casual Labourers Scheme specially
for a period for which even casual labourers did not get any benefit.

        The respondents were. members of the Reserved Tlained Pool which
was set up to meet manpower shortfalls in the Department of
Posts/Telegraphs. Though the pool itself was discontinued after some time,     D
all tlie members were absorbed by the concerned departments. The appel-
Iiints however applied before the Central Administrative Tribunal claiming
reliefs similar to that granted to casual labourers under the Casual
Labourers Scheme which was formulated as per the Directions in Jagrit
Mazdoor Union (Regd.) and Ors. v. Mahangar Telephone Nigam Ltd. and            E
Anr., [1990) Supp. SCC 113. The CAT directed that all the benefits ap-
plicable to casual labourers be given to the appellants and that they should
also be paid productivity linked bonus for the period when they were RTPs
if they had completed 240 days of service each year for 3 years after their
recruitment as RTP member. The appeal is by the aggrieved Departments.
                                                                               F
      Allowing the appeal, this Court

       HELD : The Tribunal has erred in equating RTPs with casual
labourers. The position of these two categories of employees is very dif-
ferent. The Tribunal has also erred in assuming that casual labourers are
getting these benefits during the period for which the RTPs are claiming G
these benefits. RTPs have already obtained the benefit of absorption in
regular service because of their own scheme. They, therefore, cannot on the
one hand avail of their own special scheme and at the same time, claim
additional benefits on the basis of what has been given to the casual
labourers. This is unwarranted, especially as the period for which they H
                                    211
    212                   SUPREME COURT REPORTS (1997J~JJPP. 3 S.C.R.
                                                                 ~-~·
A claim these benefits is the period during which such benefits were not
    available to casual labourers. The reliefs which are granted by the tribunal
    are wholly unwarranted, looking to the service conditions of RTPs as com-
    pared to the service conditions of casual labourers. [217-C-E; 218-A·B]

          2. Various benefits which go with the conferment of temporary status
B   were given to these casual labounrs in view of the fact that their eventual
    absorption as regular employees was not to be within any fixed time and
    they were not automatically entitled to become regular employees. The
    position of RTPs is quite different. In the first place, the very scheme which
    constituted RTPs provided for their absorption as regular employees. With
C   this in mind, they were also given the same training as regular employees.
    They were required in the mean time, to carry out short time duties or to
    handle peak hour traffic on an hourly wage basis. However, there was clear
    assurance in the scheme that they would be accommodated in future vacan·
    cies as regular employees in the manner set out in the scheme. Therefore,
    they are in a much better position than casual labourers and are now
D   enjoying all the benefits of regular employment. Their claim relates to the
    period prior to their absorption. The benefits which they claim are the
    benefits which have been conferred on casual labourers only after
    29.11.1989. The respondents, however, are claiming these benefits for ear·
    lier periods. In other words, RTPs are claiming benefits for a period for
E   which a similar benefit has not been conferred on casual labourers under
     the Casual Labourers (Grant of Temporary Status and Regularisation)
    Scheme. [216-E-H; 217·A·C]

          CIVIL APPELLATE JURISDICTION: Civil Appeal Nos. 80-123
    of 1996.
F
          From the Judgment and Order dated 21.4.92 of the Central Ad-
    ministrative Tribunal, Ernakulam Bench, Kerala in O.A. Nos. 814, 827, 130,
    1146/90, 1012, 1241, 1402, 280, 283, 285, 286-99/91, 310-11/91, 321-25/91,
    386-87/91, 504, 507, 509, 511, 522, 577, 686, 697/91, 70, 100, 384/92, 893 and
    255 of 1991.
G
                                       WITH

          Civil Appeal Nos. 5268/97, 126/96, 124-125/96, 127-130/96 and 131/96.

           P.P. Malhotra, C.V.S. Rao, Ms. Anubha Jain, Hemant Sharma, Ms.
H Anil Katiyar, (N. Sudhakaran) (NP), K.M.K. Nair, L.N. Rao, S.U.K. Sagar,
                U.0.1. v. K.N.SIVADAS (SUJATA V.MANOHAR,J.]                 213

     K.V. Mohan, Mrs. Rani Chhabra and Ms. Malini Poduval for the appearing A
     parties.

           The Judgment of the Court was delivered by



-
           MRS. SUJATA V. MANOHAR, J. Leave Granted in S.L.P.(C) No.
     17422 of 1995.                                                                B
           Applications for impleadment in C.A. Nos. 124-125/96 are allowed..

           The respondents in these appeals were, at the material time, in the
     Reserved Trained Pool of Posts and Telegraphs Department, Government
     of India. After the bifurcation of the two departments in the year 1988 the   C
     respondents continued in the Reserved Trained Pool of their respective
     departments.

             The Reserved Trained Pool was set up in October 1980. Under a
      circular bearing 60/36/80-SPB I dated 30th of October, 1980 issued by the
      officer of the Director General, Indian Posts & Telegraphs Department, a D
      scheme was framed for constitution of a standing pool of trained reserve
      candidates for Post and RMS offices. The circular set out that in many
      operative offices the smooth flow of work was hampered by shortage of
      staff due to absenteeism and other causes. Meeting this shortage with
      overtime arrangements was not always a satisfactory solution. Hence it was E
      decided that. a standing pool of trained reserve candidates (hereinafter
      referred to as RTPs') should be formed in each recruiting unit to meet
      these short-time needs and recurrent needs. The scheme was made ap-
      plicable to the cadres of Postal Assistants and Sorting Assistants. As per
      existing practice, at the time of each recruitment, after the select list was
      drawn up, an additional list of candidates known as Part 'B' or part II list F
      \vas being prepared by each recruiting unit. The candidates in part 'B' list
      were called up against drop-outs. from the main list. They were imparted
      training only after they were brought to the main list. It was now proposed
    · tinder the new scheme that after the main list is drawn up, a specific
      additional reserve list of candidates equal in number.to 50% of the number
      of candidates in the main select list will be drawn up. The candidates in G
      the reserve list will also be imparted training like the candidates in the main
      list. The candidates in the reserve list will constitute a standing pool of
      trained reserve. They will be absorbed in regular vacancies in their turn
      after the candidates in the main list are absorbed. Till then they. will be
      used as short duty staff against vacancies due to absenteeism or any ..other
      reason. Beside, they will be used for handling peak hour work. Since the H
    214                   SUPREME COURT REPORTS (1997) SUPP. 3 S.C.R.

A   purpose of having them as short duty staff is to minimise staff shortages,
    they may be called for engagement depending upon their ready and easy
    availability on demand and not necessarily in the order of their position in
    the reserved list. Their eventual absorption, however, will be in the order


                                                                                    -
    of their merit. They may be employed according to needs but subject to a
    maximum of eight hours a day. They will be paid on hourly rates of wages.
B   Clause 5 of the circular provides for the manner of absorption. It says that
    reserved candidates are recruited as a stand-by over and above the vacan-
    cies announced at the time of recruitment. The surplus recruited can-
    didates will be given priority of absorption against vacancies for subsequent
    recruitment in th.e manner which is. set out in that clause.

C         This scheme was in operation from the date of the circular till
    4.3.1986 when the scheme was abolished. The initial creation of reserved
    pool was on the basis of 50% of the notified vacancies. In 1982, the
    percentage of reserved pool was reduced to 15% of the notified vacancies.
    The entire scheme was abolished with effect from 4.3.1986. The respon-
D   dents in the appeals were recruited as RTPs. they have been since absorbed
    as regular employees on various dates from 1988 to January 1990 (with a
    few exceptions as hereinafter set out).

          The respondents filed applications before different Benches of the
    Central Administrative Tribunal claiming reliefs similar to those which
E   were granted to casual labourers in their departments in view of a scheme
    framed for casual labourers in the year 1989 as per the directions given by
    this Court in Jagrit Mazdoor Union (Regd) and Ors. v. Mahanagar
    Telephone Nigam Ltd. and Anr., (1990) Supp. SCC 113. The respondents
    prayed that the benefits. which were given to the casual labourers under
F   the scheme which came into effect in the year 1989 should be given to them
    with effect from the date they were recruited as RTPs. till the date of their
    absorption as regular employees. The first of such applications came up
    before the Central Administrative Tribunal, Ernakulam Bench which is the
    subject-matter of CA Nos. 80-123 of 1996. The Tribunal directed that the
    applicants before them who had been rendering service for eight hours a
G   day continuously, on completion of one year of such service should be
    deemed to have attained temporary status and half. the period of eight
    hours a day should be counted for qualifying service for pension. It also
    directed that all other benefits made available to casual mazdoors after
    attaining temporary status should be extended to the appliqmts as set out
H   therein and that the applicants should be paid productivity linked bonus
           U.0.1. v. K.N. SIVADAS [SUJATA V. MANOHAR, J.]               215

during the period when they were RTPs if they had completed 240 days of A
service each year for three years after their recruitment as RTP candidates.
Similar reliefs have been given by the Hyderabad Bench of the Tribunal
also. Hence the department has filed the present appeals from these
judgments of different benches of the Tribunal.

                  ' given by the Central Administrative Tribunal are
       The directions                                                          B
based upon a decision of this Court in Jagrit Mazdoor Union (Regd.) and
Ors. v. Mahanagar Telephone Nigam Ltd. & Anr., [1990] Supp SCC 113
 (supra) This judgment was in respect of writ petitions which were filed
either by casual labourers, or by reserved trained pool employees. This
Court after referring to certain interim orders passed in various petitions    C
 before it, referred in paragraph 5 to the scheme known as Casual
Labourers (Grant of Temporary Status and Regularisation) Scheme which
had been formulated and put into operation from 1st of October, 1989. It
said, "we find that the scheme is comprehensive. and apart from provision
for conferment of temporary status, it also specifies the benefits available   D
on conferment of such status............ In these circumstances, no further
specific direction is necessary in the two applications relating to the two
 Nigams of Bombay and Delhi except calling upon the respondent to
 implement every term of the scheme at an early date." In paragraph 6, this
Court dealt with the two remaining writ petitions by the RTP employees
 in the Department of Posts. It has recorded that after April 1986, about      E
7,000 RTPs have been absorbed. It said, "Since the RTP Category is no
more expanding, only about 2900 of them remain to be absorbed. We have
been told by learned counsel for the department that equal number of
justified and supernumerary posts are being created by the ministry. The
ministry's proposal is in the hands of the Ministry of Finance for approval    F
and is excepted to be finalised soon. This has to be done within a time
frame and we direct the posts of both the categories to be created by the
end of January 1990, and the process of absorption to be completed by
March 31, 1990. With such absorption made, the RTPs will become regular
employees. All their claims would, thereafter, be regulated on the basis of
entitlement in accordance with extant rules." The judgment was delivered       G
in November 1989. The expected sanction was obtained and all RTPs have
been absorbed as regular employees in January 1990.

      Are reserved trained pool employees prior to their absorption as
regular employees, entitled to the benefit which have been given to casual H
    216                   SUPREME COURT REPORTS [1997] SUPP. 3 S.C.R.

A labourers under the Casual Labourers (Grant of Temporary Status and
   Regularisation) Scheme framed under the circular No. 45-95/87-SPB I,
   dated 12..4.1991 issued by the Ministry of Communication, Government of
   India, Department of Posts and brought into effect from 29.11.1989? The
   Casual Labourers (Grant of Temporary Status and Regularisation) Scheme
B sets out that in compliance with the directions of the Hon'ble Supreme
 . Court, a scheme was drawn up by this department in consultation with the         [
 · Ministries of Law. Finance and Personnel and President has been pleased
   to approve the scheme. The scheme provides that temporary status would
   be conferred on casual labourers in employment as on 29.11.1989 and who
   continue to be currently employed and have rendered continuous service
C for at least one year. During the year they must have been engaged for a
   period of 240 days: The scheme gives various benefits to casual labourers
   which are conferred with effect from 29.11.1989. A casual labourer, there-
   fore, is not given under the scheme any benefits prior to 29.11.1989. Under
   the scheme temporary status is conferred on casual labourers if they fulfil
D the various conditions and requirements laid down in the scheme. Clause
   7 provides that conferment of temporary status does not automatically
   imply that the casual labourers would be appointed as regular Group 'D'
   employees within any fixed time frame. Appointment to Group 'D' vacan-
   cies will continue to be done as per the extent recruitment rules, which
   stipulate preference to eligible ED employees. Therefore, various benefits
E which go with the conferment of temporary status were given to these
   casual labourers in view of the fact that their eventual absorption as regular
   employees was not to be within any fixed time and they were not automat-
   ically entitled to become regular employees.

F       The position of RTPs is quite different. In the first place, the very
  scheme which constituted RTPs provided for their absorption as regular
  employees. With this in mind, they were also given the same training as
  regular employees. They were required in the. meantime, to carry out ·
  short-term duties or to handle peak hour traffic on an hourly wage basis.
  However, there was clear assurance in the scheme that they would be
G accommodated in future vacancies as regular employees in the manner set
  out in the scheme. We are informed that there was a backlog in absorption
  because of a ban on recruitment during certain years. All the RTP
  employees have been absorbed as regular employees by 1990. Some of the .
  respondents who are before us have been absorbed much earlier, in the
H year 1988. Therefore, they are in a much better position than casual
                  U.0.1. v. K.N. SIVADAS [SUJATA V. MANOHAR,J.]               217

      labourers and are now enjoying all the benefits of regular employment.        A
      Their claim relates to the period prior to their absorption. The entire
      period in effect, is either prior to 1988, or in the case of some of the
      respondents, prior to January 1990. The benefits which they claim are the
      benefits which have been conferred on casual labourers only after
      29.11.1989. The respondents, however, are claiming these benefits for         B
      earlier periods (In respect of those respondents who were absorbed in
      January 1990, their continuation as RTPs after 29.11.1989 is only of two
      months' duration). In other words, RTPs are claiming benefits for a period
      for which a similar benefit has not been conferred on casual labourers
      under the Casual Labourers (Grant of Temporary Status and Regularisa-
      tion) Scheme.                                                                 C

              The Tribunal, in our view, has erred in equating RTPs with casual
        labourers. The position of these two categories of employees is very dif-
        ferent as we have already set out. The Tribunal has also erred in assuming
        that casual labourers are getting thes<: benefits during the period for which D
        the RTPs are claiming these benefits. RTPs have already obtained the
        benefit of absorption in regular service because of their own scheme. They,
        therefore, cannot, on the one hand, avail of their own special scheme and
      . at the same time, claim additional benefits on the basis of what has been
        given to the casual labourers. This is unwarranted, especially as the period
        for which they claim these benefits is the period during which such benefits E
        were not available to casual labourers.

            Among the various benefits the Tribunal gave to the respondents
      (RTPs) productivity linked bonus if they had put in, like casual labourers,
      240 days of service each year for three years or more on the basis of its F
      judgment in O.A. 612/89 and O.A. 171/89. The appellants have submitted
      that although the order in these two 0 .As. was not challenged in appeal,
      it should not be automatically made applicable to all RTPs. The appellants
      have relied upon the observations of this Court in State of Maharashtra v.
      Digambar, [1995] 4 sec 683 to the effect, inter alia, that non-filing of an G
      appeal before this Court by the State in similar mattes, by itself cannot
ll
I     operate as a fetter for this Court in entertaining special leave petitions
      subsequently filed even if they are considered as relating to similar matters
      when this Court finds that the relief which was granted was wrong; specially
      when there is every possibility that such relief may continue to be granted
      to other complainants who may go before that forum, which may ultimately H



...
    218                   SUPREME COJ,JRTREPORTS [1997] SUPP. 3 S.C.R.

A result in ·a big financial loss to the State. There is substance in this
    submission because we find that the relief which were granted by the
    Tribunal are wholly unwarranted, looking to the service conditions of RTPs
    as compared to the service conditions of casuallabourers.

          In C.A. Nos. 124-125 of 1996 the respondents originally worked as
B Telegraph Assistants in various Central Telegraph Offices in their reserved
  trained pool and were absorbed in regular service. in 1992. In their depart-
  ment, the scheme of temporar}/ status and Regularisation for casual
  labourers has come into effect .from 1.10.1989. Their case is no different
  from the case of other RTPs although undoubtedly, they have been
C regularised a .little .later. As stated above,. the position of RTPs is very
  different from the position of casual labourers and the Tribunal .could not
  have equated the two.

          In C.A. Nos. 127-130 of 1996 the. RTPs who have been regularly
   absorbed in the year 1988 have been given the benefit of counting their
D service as RTPs for the purpose of their eligibility to appear for the
   departmental examination. The relevant rule provides that the candidates
   "must have put in at least 5 years continuous satisfactory service in one or
   more eligible cadres" before they can appear for the examination. ·The
  .eligibility is related to five years' service in the cadre. Any service which
E was rendered prior to regular appointment.in the cadre, cannot count for
   the purpose of this rule because it cannot be considered as service in any
   eligible cadre. The Tribunal was, therefore wrong in granting to RTPs the
   benefit of service rendered by them prior to their regular appointment, for
   the purpose of their eligibility to appear for the departmental promotion
   examination.
F
           In the premises, all these appeals are allowed, the impugned judg-
    ments of the Tribunal are set aside and the original applications filed
    before the Tribunal are dismissed. There will, however, be no order as to
    costs.

G I.M.A.                                                      Appeals allowed.