UNION OF INDIA AND ORS. ETC. ETC.versusM. BHASKARAN, ETC. ETC.

A                 UNION OF INDIA AND ORS. ETC. ETC.
                                 v.
                      M. BHASKARA..1\1, ETC. ETC.

                               OCTOBER 30, 1995

B            [B.P. JEEVAN REDDY AND S.B. MAJMUDAR, JJ.]

          S e1Vice Law :

          Rule 3(J)(i) and (iii}-Railway Se1Vices (Conduct) Rules, 1966.
c
           Removal from se1Vice-Workmen obtaining employment in Railway
    se1Vice on the basis of bogus and forged casual labourer se1Vice cards--Fraud
    detected by Railway authorities-Orders of removal from service
    passed-Central Administrative Tribunal ordering reinstatement of the
    employees-On appeal held-Even independently of the Rule such
D   fraudulently obtained appointment orders could be legitimately treated as
    voidable by the employer and could be recalled by the employer-Merely
    because such employees had continued in se1Vice for number of years on the
     basis of such fraudulently obtained employment orders cannot create any
    equity in their favour or any estoppel against the employei-<Jrders of
E    Tribunal set aside.

          The respondent-workmen obtained employment in Railway service
    on the basis of bogus and forged casual labourer service cards. The
    Railway authorities detected the fraud and removed them from service.
    They approached the Central Administrative Tribunal which ordered their
F   reinstatement with all consequential benefits. Hence these appeals.

          Allowing the appeals, this Court

          HELD : 1. The unauthenticity of the service cards on the basis of
    which the respondents got employment is clearly established on record of
G   the departmental enquiry held against the concerned employees. Conse-
    qnently, respondents were guilty of misrepresentation and fraud per-
    petrated on the appellant-employer while getting employed in Railway
    Service and had snatched such employment which would not have been
    made available to them if they were not armed with such bogus and forged
H   labourer cards. (530-B-C]
                                         526
              U.O.l. v. M. BH/\SKARAN IS.B. M/\JMUDAR. J.]                  527

      2. Once such fraud is detected, the appointment orders themselves            A
\Vhich "'ere found to be tainted and vitiated by fraud and acts of cheating
on the part of en1ployees, were liable to be recalled and \\·ere at least
voidable at the option of the en1ployer concerned. This is precisely \\'hat
has happened in the present case. The respondents \\'ere proceeded against
in departmental enquiries and were called upon to have their say and               B
thereafter have been removed from service. Such orders of removal would
amount to recalling of fraudulently obtained erroneous appointment or-
ders which were avoided by the employer-appellant after following the due
procedure of law and complying with the principles of natural justice.
Therefore, even independently of Rule 3(1) (i) and (iii) of the Rules, such
fraudulently obtained appointment orders could be legitimately treated as
                                                                                   c
voidable at the option of the employer and could be recalled by the
employer and in such cases merely because the respondent-employees have
continued in service for number of years on the basis of such fraudulently
obtained employment orders cannot create any equity in their favour or
any estoppel against the employers. [530-E-H)                                      D

       District Collector & Chainnan, Vizianagarani Social Welfare Residen-
tial School Society, Vizianagaram & Anr. v. M. T1ipura Sundwi Devi, [1990)
3 sec 655, relied on.
                                                                                   E
      3. It cannot be said that the appellants are estopped from recalling
such fraudulently obtained employment orders of the respondents subject
of course to following due procedure of law and in due compliance with
the principles or natural justice, on which aspect there is no dispute
beh\'een the parties. lf' any lenient vi~\V is taken on the facts of the present
                                                                                   F
case in favour of the respondents then it \\'ould amount to putting premium
on dishonesty and sharp practice which on the facts of the present cases
cannot be permitted. [532-A-B)

      4. If by committing fraud any employment is obtained such a
fraudulent practice cannot be permitted to be countenanced by a Court of           G
law. Tribunal had comn1itted a patent error of la\\' in directing reinstate-
n1ent of the respondent-workn1en \\'ith all consequential benefits. The
removal orders could not have been faulted by the Tribunal as they were
the result of a sharp and fraudulent practice pn the part of the respon-
dents. [531-E)                                                                     H
    528                   SUPREME COURT REPORTS [1995) SUPP. 4 S.C.R.

A           CIVIL APPELLATE JURISDICTION : Civil appeal No. 9636 of
    1995.

          From the Judgment and Order dated 1.7.94 of the Central Ad-
    ministrative Tribunal al Ernakulam in Kerala in O.A. No. 479 of 1993.

B                                      With

            Civil Appeal No. 9637 of 1995.                                       ,

          From the Judgment and Order dated 29.6.94 of the Central Ad-
    ministrative Tribunal at Ernakulam in Kerala in 0.A. No. 1412 of 1993.
c
                                        And

            Civil Appeal No. 9638 of 1995.

            From the Judgment and Order dated 1.7.94 of the Central Ad-
D ministrative Tribunal at Ernukulam in Kerala in 0.A. No. 888 of 1993.

            A.D.N. Rao for Arvind K. Sharma for the Appellants.

            K.M.K. Nair for the Respondent.

E           The Judgment of the Court was delivered by

            S.B. MAJMUDAR, J. Leave granted in these petitions.

         By consent of learned advocate appearing for respective parties the
    appeals were taken up for final hearing.
F
          The short question involved in these three appeals is as to whether
    the respondent-workmen who had obtained employment in Railway service
    run by appellant-Union of India, on the basis of bogus and forged casual
    labourer service cards could be continued in Railway serviCe once such
    fraud was detected by the Railway authorities. The Central Administrative
G   Tribunal, Ernakulam Bench has taken the view that as the aforesaid
    misconduct of the respondent-Railway employees does not fall within the
    forecorners of Ruic 3(1)(i) and (iii) of Railway Services (Conduct) Rules,
    1966 (hereinafter referred to as 'the Rules) , the orders of removal from
    service passed against the respondents could not be sustained and they
H   were entitled to be rei~stated in Railway service with all consequential
                U.0.l. v. M. BHASKARAN [S.B. MAJMUDAR.J.]                  529

benefits. The aforesaid view of the Tribunal is brought on the anvil of           A
scrutiny in the present proceedings moved by the appellant-Union of India
and the concerned Railway authorities under whom the respondenl-
workmen worked al the relevant time.

       The Tribunal in the impugned judgments has placed reliance on its
earlier decision in O.A. No. 892 of 1993 decided on 22nd June 1994 for            B
taking the view that such misconduct would not attract Rule 3(l)(i) and
(iii) of the Rules. Tl is not in dispute between the parties that the concerned
respondent-workmen had got employment in Railway by producing bogus
and forged casual labourer service cards purported to have been issued by
their earlier employers. However, according to the Tribunal such a miscon-        c
duct would not attract Rule 3(1)(i) and (iii) of the Rules as the concerned
employee even though engaged as a casual employee could not be said to
be governed by the Rules at the time when he obtained such employment
and that he was not guilty of any misconduct committed during the Railway
service.
                                                                                  D
       The aforesaid view of the Tribunal can be better appreciated in the
light of the relevant provisions of the Rule itself. Rule 3(1) reads as under:

           "3. General. - (1) Every railway servant shall at all times.
                                                                                  E
                (i) maintain absolute integrity;

                (ii) maintain devotion to duty; and

                (iii) do nothing which is subversion of law and order and is
                unbeco1ning of a raihvay or govcrn1nent servant.''                F
Now it is no doubt true that on the. express language of the Rule the
concerned Railway servant has to maintain absolute integrity and has not
lo do anything which is subversion of law and order and which is unbecom-
ing of a railway or a government servant. That would certainly apply to a G
railway servant who is alleged to have mis-conducted himself while in
Railway Service. However, learned senior counsel for appellants vehement-
ly submitted that the misconduct alleged in the present ease, of snatching
railway employment on the basis of bogus certificates or casual labourer
cards, would indeed show that the concerned employee had exhibited a
conduct which was unbecoming of a railway servant.                         H
    530                   SUPREME COURT REPORTS j 1Y95J SUPP. 4 S.C.R.

A          It is not necessary for us to express any opinion on the applicability
    of Rule 3(1)(i) and (iii) on the facts of the present cases for the simple
    reason that in our vie\V the concerned railway cn1ployees, respondents
    herein have admiuc<lly snatched employ1nent in raihvay service) may be of
    a casual nature, by relying upon forged or bogus casual labourer cards. The
B   unauthenticity of the service cards on the basis of which they got employ-
    ment is clearly established on record of the departmental enquiry held
    against the concerned employees. Consequently, it has to be held that
    respondents were guilty of misrepresentation and fraud perpetrated on the
    appellant-employer while getting employed in Railway service and had
    snatched such employment which would not have been made available to
c   them if they were not armed with such bogus and forged labourer cards.
    Learned counsel for the respondents submitted that for getting service in
    Railway as casual labourers, it was strictly not necessary for the respondent
    to rely upon such casual service cards. If that was so there was no occasion
    for them to produce such bogus certificates service cards for getting
D   employed in Railway Service. Therefore, it is too late that in the day for
    the respondents to submit that production of such bogus or forged service
    cards had not played its role in getting employed in Railway service. It was
    clearly a case of fraud on the appellant-employer. If once such fraud is
    detected, the appointment orders themselves which were found to be
E   tainted and vitiated by fraud and acts of cheating on the part of employees,
    were liable to be recalled and were at least voidable at the option of the
    employer concerned. This is precisely what has happened in the present
    case. Once the fraud of the respondents in getting such employment was
    detected the respondents were proceeded against in departmental en-
F   quiries and were called upon to have their say and thereafter have been
    removed fron1 service. Such orders of ren1oval would anH1unt to recalling
    of fraudulently obtained erroneous appointment orders which were
    avoided by the employer-appellant after following the due procedure of
    law and complying with the principles of natural justice. Therefore, even
G   independently of Rule 3(l)(i) and (iii) of the Rules, such fraudulently
    obtained appointment orders could be legitima(cly treated as voidable at
    the option of the employer and could be recalled by the employer and in
    such cases merely because the rcspon.dent-employccs have continued in
    service for number of years on Lhe basis of such fraudulently obtained
H   employment orders cannot create any equity in their favour or any estoppel
    against the en1ployer. In this connection \Ve may usefully refer to a decision
              U.O I. v. M. BHASKARAN [S.13. MAIMUDAR .!.]                   531

of this Court in Dist1ict Collector & Chainnan, Vizianagara111 Social H1elfare     A
Residential School Society, Vizianagaran1 & Anr. v. NI. Tlipura Sundari Devii
[19911] 3 SCC 655. In that case Sawant, J. speaking for this Court held that
\Vhen an advertisement mentions a particular qualification and an appoint-
ment is n1ade in disregard of the same, it is not a matter only bct\vecn the
appointing authority and the appointee concerned. The aggrieved are all            B
those who had similar or even better qualifications than the appointee or
appointees but who had not applied for the post because they did not
possess the qualifications mentioned in the advertisement. It amounts lo a
fraud on public lo appoint persons with inferior qualifications in such
circumstances unless it is clearly stated that the qualifications are relaxable.
No Court should be a party to the perpetuation of the fraudulent practice.         c
It is of course true as noted by the Tribunal that the facts of the case in
the aforesaid decision were different from the facts of the present case.
And it is also true that in that case pending the service which was continued
pursuant to the order of the Tribunal and concerned candidate acquired
the requisite qualification and hence his appointment was not disturbed by         D
this Court. But that is neither here nor there. As laid down in the aforesaid
decision if by committing frand any employment is obtained such a
fraudulent practice cannot be permitted to be countenanced by a Court of
law. Consequently, it must be held that the Tribunal had committed a
patent error of law in directing reinstatement of the respondent-workmen
                                                                                   E
with all consequential benefits. The removal orders could not have been
faulted by the Tribunal as they were the result of a sharp and fraudulent
practice on the part of the respondents. Learned counsel for respondenls,
however, submitted that these illiterate respondents were employed as
casual laborers years back in 1983 and subsequently they have been given
temporary status and, therefore, after passage of such a long time they            F
should not be thrown out of employment. It is difficult to agree with this
contention. By mere passage of time a fraudulent practice would not get
any sanctity. The appellant authorities having come to know about the
fraud of the respondents in obtaining employment as casual labourers,
started departmental proceedings years back in 1987 and these proceedings          G
have dragged on for number of years. Earlier removal orders of the
respondents were set aside by the Central Administrative Tribunal,
Madras Bench and proceedings were ren1andcd and after remand
fresh removal orders were passed by the appellant which has been
set aside by the Central Administrative Tribunal, Ernakulam Bench H
    532                   SUPREME COURT REPORTS (1995] SUPP. 4 S.C.R.

A and which are the subject matter of the present proceedings. Therefore, it
    cannot be said that the appellants are estopped from recalling such
    fraudulently obtained employment orders of the respondents subject of
    course to following due procedure of law and in due compliance with the
    principles of natural justice, on which aspect there is no dispute between
    the parties. If any lenient view is taken on the facts of the present case in
B
    favour of the respondents then it would amount to putting premium on
    dishonesty and sharp practice which on the facts of the present cases
    cannot be permitted.

           For all these reasons, therefore, these appeals are allowed. The
C impugned orders of the Tribunal are set aside and the original applications
    filed by the respondents before the Central Administrative Tribunal,
    Emakulam Bench are dismissed. However, in the facts and circumstances
    of the cases there will be no order as to costs all throughout.

    G.N.                                                       Appeals allowed.