SWAMINATHAN & ORS.versusALANKAMONY (DEAD) THROUGH LRS.

878                      [2022]REPORTS
               SUPREME COURT    1 S.C.R. 878                  [2022] 1 S.C.R.


A                           SWAMINATHAN & ORS.
                                         v.
                  ALANKAMONY (DEAD) THROUGH LRS.
                        (Civil Appeal No.798-799 of 2013)
B                                 March 09, 2022
        [HEMANT GUPTA AND V. RAMASUBRAMANIAN, JJ.]
             Succession Act, 1925:s. 263 – Revocation of letters of
      administration – When – Held: As per s. 263, the grant of letters of
C     administration may be revoked for “just cause” – Explanation (a)
      states that just cause would be deemed to exist where the proceedings
      were defective in substance – Illustration (ii) u/s. 263 deals with a
      case where “the grant was made without citing parties who ought
      to have been cited” – On facts, the brother of the testator filed
      application for revocation of letters of administration on the ground
D     that all the legal heirs were not impleaded in the proceedings for
      the grant of letters of administration – High Court was right in
      holding that a just cause existed for revocation of Letters of
      Administration – Thus, the order of the High Court does not call for
      interference.
E           CIVIL APPELLATE JURISDICTION: Civil Appeal Nos. 798-
      799 of 2013.
            From the Judgment and Order dated 05.11.2008 of the High Court
      of Judicature at Madras at Madurai Bench in CMA No.1004 of 2002
      and dated 21.07.2009 in Review Application (MD) No.08 of 2009.
F          A. Mariaputham, Sr. Adv., Anurag Dayal Mathur, Avneesh
      Arputham, M/s Arputham Aruna And Co., Advs. for the Appellants.
            Beno Bencigar, M. A. Chinnasamy, Advs. for the Respondents.
            The following Order of the Court was passed :
G                                    ORDER
            1. The challenge in the present appeals is to an order dated
      05.11.2008 whereby an appeal under Section 299 of the Indian Succession
      Act, 1925 (for short, ‘the Act’) filed by the brother of the testator for
      revocation of Letters of Administration dated 09.03.2002 was allowed.
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    SWAMINATHAN v. ALANKAMONY (DEAD) THROUGH LRS.                             879


       2. The appellants sought Letters of Administration of a registered     A
Will deed dated 23.08.1991 said to have been executed by one
Thankappan Nadar in favour of the appellant – brother of the testator
and his two sons. After the grant of Letters of Administration, another
brother of testator filed an application for revocation of the Letters of
Administration on the ground that all the legal heirs were not impleaded
                                                                              B
in the proceedings for the grant of Letters of Administration. The Civil
Court dismissed the application for revocation but the order was set
aside in appeal. Aggrieved, the legatee is in appeal before this Court.
       3. Drawing our attention to the difference in the language
employed between Section 276 and Section 278, the learned counsel for
the appellants contended that what was filed by the appellants was a          C
petition under Section 276(1) and that therefore, the requirement to make
a mention about the details of the family and other relatives of the
deceased, contained in Section 278(1) cannot be imported into Section
276. According to the learned counsel, the petition filed by the appellants
was one for the grant of Letters of Administration with the Will annexed.     D
It was not a petition filed under Section 278(1).
      4. In order to appreciate the above contention, it is necessary to
present Section 276(1) and Section 278(1) in a table as follows:-

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880             SUPREME COURT REPORTS                           [2022] 1 S.C.R.


A            5. But unfortunately for the appellants, the catch is not to be found
      in the distinction between Section 276 and Section 278. It is to be found
      in Section 263 which reads as follows:-
            263. Revocation or annulment for just cause. —The grant of
            probate or letters of administration may be revoked or annulled
B           for just cause.
            Explanation. —Just cause shall be deemed to exist where—
                   (a) the proceedings to obtain the grant were defective in
                   substance; or

C                  (b) the grant was obtained fraudulently by making a false
                   suggestion, or by concealing from the Court something
                   material to the case; or
                   (c) the grant was obtained by means of an untrue allegation
                   of a fact essential in point of law to justify the grant, though
D                  such allegation was made in ignorance or inadvertently; or
                   (d) the grant has become useless and inoperative through
                   circumstances; or
                   (e) the person to whom the grant was made has wilfully
                   and without reasonable cause omitted to exhibit an inventory
E                  or account in accordance with the provisions of Chapter
                   VII of this Part, or has exhibited under that Chapter an
                   inventory or account which is untrue in a material respect.
                                            Illustrations
                   (i) The Court by which the grant was made had no
F                  jurisdiction.
                   (ii) The grant was made without citing parties who ought to
                   have been cited.
                   (iii) The Will of which probate was obtained was forged or
G                  revoked.
                   (iv) A obtained letters of administration to the estate of B,
                   as his widow, but it has since transpired that she was never
                   married to him.
                   (v) A has taken administration to the estate of B as if he
H                  had died intestate, but a will has since been discovered.
     SWAMINATHAN v. ALANKAMONY (DEAD) THROUGH LRS.                              881


              (vi) Since probate was granted, a latter Will has been            A
              discovered.
              (vii) Since probate was granted, a codicil has been
              discovered which revokes or adds to the appointment of
              executors under the Will.
              (viii) The person to whom probate was, or letters of              B
              administration were, granted has subsequently become of
              unsound mind.
       6. As per Section 263, the grant of Letters of Administration may
be revoked for “just cause”. Explanation (a) under Section 263 states
that just cause shall be deemed to exist where the proceedings were             C
defective in substance. Illustration (ii) under Section 263 deals with a
case where “the grant was made without citing parties who ought to
have been cited”.
      7. It may be of interest to note that some of the colonial statutes
contain Illustrations which form part of the statutes themselves. The           D
Indian Succession Act, 1925 is one such enactment.
      8. Therefore, the High Court was right in holding that a just cause
existed for revoking the grant. Hence, we do not find any error in the
order of the High Court warranting our interference. Therefore the
appeals are dismissed.                                                          E
        9. Pending applications(s), if any, also stand disposed of.


Nidhi Jain                                                 Appeals dismissed.

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