STATE OF WEST BENGAL AND ORS.versusSAMARENDRA NATH PAUL AND ORS.

A                   STATE OF WEST BENGAL AND ORS.
                                          v.
                   SAMARENDRA NATH PAUL AND ORS.

                                   JULY 9, 1997

B                (K. RAMASWAMY AND D.P. WADHWA, JJ.)

           Land Acquisition :

           West Be11gal Land (Requisition and Acquisition) Act 194~Sectio11
C 3-Requisitio11 of la11d for housi11g project-No allegatio11 that the power
    exercised by the State was mala fide or outside the scope of the Act-Held,
    order of requisitio11 11ot bad i11 law.

        West Be11gal (Requisitio11 a11d Acquisitio11) Rules-Rule 3(c) &
  (d)--Service of Order of requisition u11der Section 3(1)--Service by way of
D affzxatiol!-Held, valid.-Se11ding the order under certificate of posting-Held,
  under Rule 3(d) order is to be served by registered post with acknowledgme11t
    due.

           Co11stitutio11 of India-Arts. 226 and 32-Scope of-Held, not to set
    aside the orders of the autho1ities on some supposed grounds when facts
E   clearly speak for themselves a11d the authorities act within the scope of their
    power-Judicial review.

        The plots of land belonging to the Respondents were sought to be
  acquired for which notice was served by way of affixation on a conspicuous
  part of the land as well as in the Collector's office. The same was chal-
F lenged before the High Court which directed the State to issue fresh notice.
  When fresh notice was issued by the State, it was again challenged before
  the High Court on the ground that no notice had been served on the
  respondents as required under the Act and the Rules before taking over
  the possession, which was dismissed by the Single Judge. On appeal, the
G Division Bench set aside the order of requisition and directed restoration
  of possession of the land to the respondents. Hence this appeal.

           Allowing the appeal, this Court

           HELD. : 1. Order under sub-section (1) of section 3 of the West
H Bengal Land (Requisition & Acquisition) Act 1948 can be served by any
                                          160
                 STATE v. S.N.PAUL(D.P. WADHWA,J.)                      161

method prescribed in Rule 3 of the West Bengal (Requisition & Acquisi·         A
tion) Rules. The State in its affidavit which is based on records, had
categorically stated that copy of the order was served on the respondents.
By affixing a copy thereof on a conspicuous part of the land in question
and in the Collector's office as well, it could not be disputed that clause
( d) of Rule 3 was not complied in toto. This, of course, according to the     B
State, was in addition to the orders having been sent under certificate of
posting. However, sending the order under certificate of posting is mean·
ingless when the rule requires that the order is to be served by registered
post with acknowledgement due. [167-F·H]

      2. It is a matter of common knowledge that there is acute paucity of     C
accommodation both in urban and rural areas in the country. It is not the
case of the respondents that the power of requisition exercised by the State
was mala fide or outside the purview of the Act. It was not thought that
the court in exercise of its constitutional powers of judicial review should
hasten to set aside the order of the authorities on some supposed grounds
when the facts clearly speak for themselves and the authorities act within     D
the scope of their powers as conferred upon them by law. [170-D-F]

     West Bengal Housing Board v. Bhawar Lal Mundhra & Ors., [1997]
Supplementary 2 SCR, West Bengal Housing Board v. Brijendra Prasad
Gupta & Ors., [1997] Supplementary 2 SCR, relied on.                           E
       CIVIL APPELLATE JURISDICTION : Civil Appeal No. 4339 of
1997

     From the Judgment and Order dated 3.7.96 of the Calcutta High
Court in F.M.A. No. 861of1989                                                  F
      V.R. Reddy, Additional So/icitor General, T.C. Ray, Rajesh Srivas-
tava, P. Basu and H.K. Puri, for the Appellants.

     N.K. Poddar, Ms. Radha Rangaswamy and Ms. Zoya Hadke for the
Respondents.                                                                   G
       The Judgment of the Court was delivered by

       D.P. WADHWA, J. Special Leave granted.

       This appeal is directed against the judgment dated July 3, 1996 of      H
    162                   SUPREME COURT REPORTS [1997] SUPP. 2 S.C.R.

A the Division Bench of Calcutta High Court allowing the writ petition of the
    respondents and thus setting aside the judgment of the learned single Judge
    dated July 13, 1988 by which the writ petition was dismissed. The respon-
    dents, it would appear from the judgment of the learned single Judge, had
    challenged the requisition of land measuring 0.57 acres falling in plot nos.
B   1787 and 1788 Mouza Monoharpur, P.S. Chanditala, District Hooghly, in
    the State of West Bengal by order dated May 9, 1984 of the Collector and
    Additional District Magistrate, Hooghly passed under Section 3(1) of the
    West Bengal Land (Requisition and Acquisition) Act, 1948 (for short 'the
    Act').

C          Section 3 of the Act empowers the State Government or an
    authorised Collector of a District (an Additional District Magistrate or
    Land Acquisition Collector, Calcutta) to requisition any land for the
    objects mentioned therein and Section 4 authorises the State Government
    to acquire that land for those very objects. Under Section 5 public notice
D   is to be issued by the Collector inviting claims for compensation after the
    publication of notice acquiring the land. As to how an order under sub-
    section (1) of Section 3 is to be served is provided under Rule 3 of the
    West Bengal Land (Requisition) and Acquisition Rules, 1948 (for short
    'the_ Rules'), Sections 3, 4 and 5 of the Act are as under :

E           "3. Power to requisition :- (1) If the State Government is of the
            opinion that it is necessary so to do for maintaining supplies and
            services essential to the life of the community (or for increasing
            employment opportunities for the people by establishing commer-
            cial estates and industrial estates in different areas) or for provid-
F           ing proper facilities for transport, communication, irrigation or
            drainage, or for the creation of better living conditions in rural or
            urban areas, not being an industrial or other areas excluded by the
            State Government by a notification in this behalf, by the construc-
            tion or re-construction of dwelling places in such areas (or for
            purposes connected therewith or incidental thereto), the State
G           Government may, by order in writing, requisition any land and may
            make such further orders as appear to it to be necessary or
            expedient in connection with the requisitioning:

                  Provided that no land used for purpose of religious worship
H                 or used by an educational or charitable institution shall be
                STAIB v. S.N. PAUL[ D.P. WADHWA,J.]                     163

.   .        requisitioned under this section.                                 A
             ( lA) A Collector of a District, (an Additional District
             Magistrate or the First Land Acquisition Collector, Calcut-
             ta,) when authorised by the State Government in this behalf,
             may exercise within his jurisdiction the powers conferred by
             sub- section (1).                                                 B
             (2) An order under sub-section (1) shall be served in the
             prescribed manner on the owner of the land and where the
             order relates to land in occupation (of an occupier, not being
             the owner of the land, also on such occupier),                    C
        (3) If any person fails to comply with an order made under
        sub-section (1) the Collector or any person authorised by him in
        writing in this behalf shall execute the order in such manner as he
        considers expedient and may:-
                                                                               D
        (a) If he is a Magistrate, enforce the delivery of possession of the
        land in respect of which the order has been made to himself, or

        (b) if he is not a Magistrate, apply to a Magistrate or, in Calcutta
        as defined in clause (ii) of Section 5 of the Calcutta Municipal Act,
        1951, to the Commissioner of Police, and such Magistrate or E
        Commissioner, as the case may be, shall enforce the delivery of
        possession of such land to him.

        4. Acquisition of Land -(1) Where any land has been requisitioned
        under section 3, the State Government may use or deal with such        F
        land for any of the purposes referred to in sub- section (1) of
        Section 3 as may appear to it to be expedient.

        (la) The State Government may acquire any land requisitioned
        under Section 3 by publishing a notice in the Official Gazette that G
        such land is required for a public purpose referred to in sub-sec-
        tion (1) of Section 3.

        (2) Where a notice as aforesaid is published in the Official Gazette,
        the requisitioned land shall, on and from the beginning of the day
        on which the notice is so published, vest absolutely in the (State) H
    164                SUPREME COURT REPORTS (1997) SUPP. 2 S.C.R.

A         Government free from all incumbrances and the period of requi-
          sition of such land shall end.

          5. Notice to persons interested -
          (1) After the publication of a notice under (sub-section (la) of
          section 4), the Collector shall cause public notice to be given at
B         convenient places on or near the land (acquired), stating that the
          (State) Government has acquired the land, and that claims to
          compensation for all interests iQ such land may be made to him.

          (2) (Such public notice) shall state the particulars of the land so
C         acquired, and shall require all persons interested in the land to
          appear personally or by agent before the Collector at a time and
          place therein mentioned (such time not being earlier than fifteen
          days after the date of publication of the notice), and to state the
          nature of their respective interests in the land and the amount and
D         particulars of their claims to compensation for such interests. The
          Collector may in any case require such statement to be made in
          writing and signed by the party or his agent.

          (3) The Collector shall also serve notice in the manner prescribed
E         on the occupier (if any) of such land and on all such persons known
          or believed to be interested therein, or to be entitled to act for
          persons so i¥terested, as reside or have agents authorised to
          receive service on their behalf, within the revenue district in which
          the land is situate.

F         (4) In case any person so interested resides elsewhere, and has no
          such agent, the notice shall be sent to him by registered post in a
          letter addressed to him at his last known residence, address or
          place of business.

G         · Rule 3 of the Rules reads as under :

           "3. Manner of Service of Orders- An order under sub-section (1)
           of section 3 shall be served on the owner of the land and where
           the order relates to land in occupation of an occupier not being
H          the owner of the land, also on such occupier.
                      STAIB v. S.N.PAUL[D.P. WADHWA,J.]                       165

·-·           (a) by delivering or tendering a copy thereof, endorsed either by A
              the person authorised by the Act to make the order or by the
              Collector, to the person on whom the order is to be served or his
              agent, or

              (b) by fixing a copy thereof on the outer door of some conspicuous     B
              part of the house in which the person on whom the order is to be
              served ordinarily resides or carries on business or personally works
              for gain, or

...           (c) by sending the same to the person on whom the order is to be
              served by registered post with acknowledgment due, or                  C

              (d) by fixing a copy thereof in some conspicuous part of the land
              to which the order relates and also in some conspicuous place of
              the office of the Collector".
                                                                                     D
             The land in plot nos. 1787 and 1788 mentioned above was stated to
      have been purchased by the respondents on July 7, 1981 and it is claimed
      that purchases was for the purposes of erecting and/or constructing a
      factory. Earlier this land was requisitioned by the Collector, Hooghly by
      his order dated December 28, 1981 passed under Section 3 of the Act. This
      requisition was challenged in writ petition in the Calcutta High Court on      E
      the ground that no notice had been served upon the petitioners (the
      respondents herein) as required under Rule 3 aforesaid. The writ petition
      was disposed of by order dated July 13, 1988 by a learned Single Judge of
      the High Court with a direction that no effect was to be given to the notice
      requisitioning the land. Liberty was, however, given to the State to proceed   F
      in the matter afresh after serving fresh notice on the proper person. Then
      by order dated May 9, 1984 the Collector and Additional District
      Magistrate, Hooghly again directed requisition of the land in question by
      order passed under sub-section (1) of section 3 of the Act. Relevant
      portion of this order is as under :
                                                                                     G
                 "Whereas in my opinion it is necessary for the propose of
              maintaining supplies and S!frvices essential to the life of the com-
              munity viz. for implementation of the Housing project at Monohar-
              pur to requisition the land(s) described in the schedule
              below/overleaf.                                                      H
    166                  SUPREME COURT REPORTS (1997] SUPP. 2 S.C.R.

A              And whereas State Government has by notification No. 20500
            L.A. dated 3-12-63 published in the Calcutta Gazette Part I of the
            26th December 1963, at page 2578 authorised me to exercise the
            power conferred by Sub-section (lA) of section 3 of the West
            Bengal Land (Requisition and Acquisition) Act 1948 (West Bengal
            Act II of 1948).
B
                Now therefore, in exercise of the power conferred by sub-sec-
                                                                                  '
            tion (lA) of section 3 of the West Bengal Land (Requisition and
            Acquisition) Act 1948 West Bengal Act II of 1948 read with the
            authority so vested in me as aforesaid I do hereby requisition the
c           land's mentioned in the schedule below overleaf and make the
            following further order namely :

            (1) that possession of the land will taken on 14-5-84 at 11 AM
            and ....."

D         This order was again challenged by filing writ petition on the ground
    that no notice had been served on the owners as required under the Act
    and the Rules before taking over of possession. This writ petition was
    dismissed by judgment dated July 13, 1988 by the learned Single Judge. An
    appeal against that judgment by the owners (respondents herein) was
E   allowed by the Division Bench by judgment dated July 3, 1996 setting aside
    the order of requisition and directing restoration of the possession of the
    land to the owners. Against this judgment of the Division Bench the
    appellants have come up in appeal before this Court.

        The learned Single Judge noticed that the owners had not challenged
F the order of requisition on the ground that the object of requisition was
  not covered by the provisions of the Act. However, the learned Single
  Judge also noticed that from the respective affidavits of the parties it
  appeared that during the pendency of the writ petition before him an
  application was filed by the owners stating that project of the West Bengal
G Housing Board (constituted under the West Bengal Housing Board Act,
  1972) for which land had been requisitioned had since been completed and
  the land in question being surplus land an order derequisitioning the same
  be passed. The learned Single Judge, therefore, noticed that after perusal
  of the respective affidavits of the parties it appeared that two contentions
H had been raised by the writ petitioners and these being (1) no notice under
                STAIB v. S.N. PAUL [ D.P. WAD HWA, J.)                    167
section 3(1) of the Act was ever served and (2) the purpose of which the A
requisition was made was not covered by the Act. After examining the
record of the State respondents the learned Single Judge was of the view
that there was proper service and that providing residential
accommodation was certainly a service essential to the community. The
learned Single Judge also examined the housing project. Monoharpur B
known as Dankuni Housing Project to be executed by the Housing Board
as to how the same was to be executed and how it would benefit the
economically backward community. The learned single Judge was thus of
the view that requisition of the land was for the purpose of the housing
which was a purpose covered by sub-section (1) of Section 3 of the Act.
                                                                                 c
       The Division Bench of the High Court, however, did not favour the
·views and reasoning of the learned Single Judge. According to the Division
 Bench three questions arose for consideration in the appeal before it and
 these were :
                                                                                 D
        "(1) whether the entire requisition proceeding is vitiated in law
        owing to non-service of notice upon the petitioners;

        (2) whether the purported Order dated 9-5-84 is valid in law; and

        (3) whether the Judgment of the learned Trial Judge can be upheld        E
        by reason of the subsequent events as .stated by the respondent
        housing board in its affidavit in opposition to the stay application".

       The Division Bench held that "Admittedly, no notice was affixed in
some conspicuous place of the office of the Collector". We don't think that F
observation is quite correct. Order under sub-section (1) of section 3 of
the Act can be served by any of the four methods prescribed in Rule 3.
When the State-respondents in the affidavit which is based on the record
categorically stated that copy of the order dated May 9, 1984 was served
on the respondents (owners) by affixing a copy thereof on conspicuous part
of the land in question and in the Collector's Office on May 11, 1984 as G
well, it could not be disputed that clause (d) of rule 3 was not complied in
toto. This, of course, according to the State respondents, was in addition
to the order having him sent to the owners under certificate of posting.
However, sending the order under certificate of posting is meaningless
when rule requires that the order is to be served by registered post with H
     168                  SUPREME COURT REPORTS (1997) SUPP. 2 S.C.R.

A acknowledgment due. As noted above the record of the State respondents
     was examined by the learned Single Judge and the affidavit filed by the
     State respondents was on the basis of the record maintained by them. The
     Division Bench therefore could not say that "admittedly no notice was
     affixed in some conspicuous place in the office of the Collector".
 B        On the face of the order passed under sub-section (1) of section 3 .
.,  of the Act which has been extracted above it is difficult to understand and
    appreciate as to how it could be said that the order was not in accordance
   ·with the law. Nobody disputed that there was a housing project at
    Monoharpur for which purpose the land was requisitioned. One of the
 C purposes for which the land to be requisitioned is certainly by providing
    services essential to the life of the community which would also mean to
    include construction of housing for the community at large. The order
    under section 3(1) of the Act need not itself spell out the details of the
    purpose for which the land is sought to be requisitioned. The Housing
 D Board which is to execute the scheme has stated as to how funds have to
    be generated for construction of houses for the weaker sections of the
    society. The Housing Board has also taken loan from the Housing Urban
    Development Corporation, New Delhi and also raised funds by selling
    certain houses meant for High Income Group (HIG) people, the income
 E from which would be utilised for subsidising the houses meant for weaker
    sections of the society. This in effect is the stand of State respondents.

           The land in question has since been acquired under Section 4 of the
     Act by notification published in Calcutta Gazette, Extraordinary on July 6,
     1991. This notification reads as under :
 F
             "HOOGHLY : No. 4353- LA (II)/4H-3/99 - 2nd July, 1991;
             Whereas 0.4390 Hectare (1.07 acres), more or less, of land situated
             in the village of Monoharpur, described below, have been requisi-
             tioned under Sub-section (1) of Section 3 of the West Bengal Land
 G           (Requisition and Acquisition) Act 1948 by the person authorised
             under Section 3 (la) of the Act for the Public purpose of creation
             of better living condition in Urban or Rural areas by construction
             or re-construction of dwelling places in such areas or for purposes
             concerned therewith and incidental thereto, namely, for housing
 H           project at Dankuni;
                    STATE v. S.N.PAUL[D.P. WADHWA,J.]                      169

               Now, therefore, notice is hereby given that in pursuance of A
            Section 4 of the said Act, the Governor acquires such land being
            required for public purpose as aforesaid.

                This notice is given under the provisions of Sub-Section (la)
            of Section 4 of the West Bengal Land (Requisition and Acquisi-
            tion) Act 1948 (West Bengal Act II of 1948) to all whom it may B
            concern.

               A plan of the land may be inspected in the office of the
            Collector, Hooghly.

               Description of the land                                            c
            Mouza Monoharpur Jurisdiction List No. 98.

            ·Police Station Chanditala, District Hooghly.

            Revisional Survey plots in full 1787, 1788 and 1812.                  D
                            By Order of the Governor
                                  S.K. Gupta

                            Dy. Secy. to the Govt. of
                                 West Bengal".                                    E

          Any land so acquired can be transferred by the State Government to
•   the Housing Board under Section 29 of the West Bengal Housing Board
    Act, 1972. While so transferring the land the State Government can impose
    such terms and conditions as may be prescribed. The Housing Board has
    been constituted for the framing and execution of such housing schemes as
                                                                                  F
    it considers necessary and such housing schemes may include housing
    scheme in relation to lands and buildings vested in or in the possession of
    the State Government.

          Section 17 of the Housing Board Act is as under :
                                                                                  G
                "17. Powers and duties of Board to undertake housing schemes.
            (1) Subject to the provisions of this Act, the Board may, from time
            to time, incur expenditure and undertake works for the framing
            and execution of such housing schemes as it consider necessary
            and such housing scheme may include housing schemes in relation H
    170                  SUPREME COURT REPORTS [1997) SUPP. 2 S.C.R.

A           to lands and buildings vested in or in the possession of the State
            Government.

                (2) The State Government may, on such terms and conditions
            as it may think fit to impose, entrust to the Board the framing and
            execution of any housing scheme whether provided for by this Act
B           or not and the Board shall thereupon undertake the framing and
            execution of such scheme.

                (3) The Board may, on such terms and conditions as may be
            agreed upon with the previous approval of the State Government,
c           take over for execution any housing scheme, on behalf of a local
            authority or cooperative society, or on behalf of an employer, for
            building houses mainly for the residence of the employees of such
            local authority, cooperative society or employer as the case may
            be or for the residence of the member of such cooperative society.
                                                                                   [
D         In view oL the clear statement of law as aforesaid it is difficult to
    concur with the judgment of Division Bench under appeal that the acquisi- ·
    tion order was bad in law. It is a matter of common knowledge that there
    is acute paucity of accommodation both in urban and rural areas in the
    country. It is not the case of the respondents that the power of requisition
E   which were exercised by the State respondents was mala fide or outside
    the purview of the Act. We do not think that the Court in the exercise of
    its constitutional powers of judicial review should hasten to set aside the
    order of the authorities on some supposed grounds when the facts clearly       •
    speak for themselves and the authorities act within the scope of their
    powers as conferred upon them by law.
F
        We may also note that the land in question forms part of total 21.41
  acres of land in the same area and comprising in Dankuni Housing Project.
  By a separate judgment delivered today in the appeal filed by the West
  Bengal Housing Board (arising out of S.L.P(C) No. 524 of 1997 title West
  Bengal Housing Board v. Bhanwar Lal Mundhra & Ors.,) which also per-
G tained to this very Dankuni Housing Project, we have considered the
  scheme which is one whole and the land, subject-matter of this appeal is
  also required for completion of that housing project. In yet another judg-
  ment delivered today in batch of appeals (arising out of S.L.P. (C) No.
  12914 of 1996 title West Bengal Housing Board v. Brijendra Prasad Gupta
H & Ors.) we have considered the relevant provisions of the Act both the
                     STATE v. S.N.PAUL[D.P. WADHWA,J.]                  171

      West Bengal Land (Requisition and Acquisition) Act, 1948 and the West A
      Bengal Housing Board Act, 1972 as amended and the scope of judicial
      review. In coming to the conclusion arrived at in the present judgment we
      have relied on the judgments mentioned above.

            We would, therefore, set aside the impugned judgment of the
      Division Bench, uphold the order of the learned Single Judge and dismiss B
      the writ petition filed by the respondents. The appeal is accordingly al-
      lowed. Parties to bear their cost throughout.

      R.K.S .                                               Appeal allowed.




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