SMITH KLINE AND FRENCH (INDIA) LTD. ETC.versusCOMMISSIONER OF INCOME TAX

          SMITH KLINE AND FRENCH (INDIA) LTD. ETC.                                   A
                            v.
               COMMISSIONER OF INCOME TAX

                               APRIL 16, 1996

             (B.P. JEEVAN REDDY AND K.T. THOMAS, JJ.]                                B

      Colllpanies Profits (Swtax) Act, 1964:

      Sections 4, 15, 4{}-Swtax is essentially levied on the business profits of
the company colllputed in accordance with the provisions of the Income-tax
Act-Merely because ce1tai11 ft.other deductions (adjustments) are provided by
                                                                                     c
the Surtax Act frolll the said profits, it cannot be said that swtax is not levied
upon the profits detennined or computed in accordance with the provisions
of the Income-tax Act.

     Union of India v. Bombay Tyre Intemational, AIR (1984) S.C. 420 and D
Goodricke Tea Company v. State of West Bengal, [1995] I Suppl. S.C.C. 707,
relied on.

     Jaipuria Samia Amalgamated Colliories Ltd. v. Commissioner of In-
come-Tax, West Bengal, 82 l.T.R. 580, distinguished.
                                                                                     E
       Mo/ins (India) Limited v. Commissioner of Income Tax, West Bengal-
JII, 144 I.T.R. 317; Brooke Bond (India) Limited v. Commissioner of Income
 Tax, 193 l.T.R. 390, Bombay (Lubrizon (India) Limited v. Commissioner of
Income Tax, 187 J.T.R. 25; Commissioner of Income Tax Kamataka v.
Intemational Instmments Ptivate Limited, 144 I.T.R. 936; Madras Swzdaram F
Industries Litnited v. Commissioner of Income Tax, 159 J.T.R. 646; Andhra
Pradesh Vazir Sultan Tobacco Conipany Lin1ited v. Co111n1issioner of l11con1e
Tax, 169 I.T.R. 35; Rajasthan Associated Stone Indust1ies Company Limited
v. Commissioner of Income Tax, 170 I.T.R. 653; Gujarat S.O.M. Manikla/
Indust1ies Limited v. Commissioner of Income Tax, 172 I.T.R. 176; G
Himalyan Dmg Company Private Limited v. Commissioner of Income Tax,
218 I. T.R. 346 and Highway Cycle Industries Limited v. Commissioner of
Income Tax, 178 I.T.R. 601, approved.

     Makum Tea Company (India) Limited & Anr. v. Commissioner of
lncmne Tax, 178 I.T.R. 453 and Doom Douma Tea Company Limited v. H
                                       385
    386                   SUPREME COURT REPORTS [1996] SuPP. 1 S.C.R.

A   Commissioner of Income T<D;, 180 I.T.R. 126, disapproved.

          Conunis.l'ioner of Income-t<D; v. Gu111pada Dutta, 14 I.T.R. 100,
    referred to.

          CIVIL APPELLATE JURISDICTION: Civil Appeal Nos. 1187-88
B   of 1985 Etc. ETc.

          From the .I udgment and Order dated 21.12.84 of the Karnataka High
    Court in SCLAP. No. 34-35 of 1984 granted by the High Court against its
    Judgment and Order dated 28.10.83 and 21.10.83 in ITRC Nos. 221 and
    222 of 1978.
c
          G.B. Pai, .I. Ramamurthy Mukul Mudgal, O.C. Mathur, Ms. A.K.
    Verma for JBD & Co., A. Subba Rao, Anil Srivastava and S."1. Terdol for
    the appearing parties.

          The following Order of the Court was delivered :
D
          A common question arises in this batch of appeals. For the sake of
    convenience, we may refer to the question in Civil Appeal No. 455 of 1987
    directed against a Full Bench judgment of the Kerala High Court (159
    l.T.R. 431). The following question was stated by the Income-Tax Appel-
    late Tribunal under Section 256(1) of the Income-Tax Act for the con-
E
    sideration of the Kerala High Court :

             (1) "Whether Rs. 76,777 being the surtax liability is to be allowed
             as a deduction in computing the total income of the assessee for
             the assessment year 1976-77?"
F
    The claim for the said deduction was disallowed by the Income Tax Officer
    on the basis of and with reference to sub- clause (ii) of clause (a) of Section
    40 which read thus at the relevant time :

             40. Notwithstanding anything to the contrary in Sections 30 to 39,
G            the following amounts shall not be deducted in computing the
             income chargeable under the head 'profits and gains of business
             or profession' -

             (a) in the case of any assessee-

H            (i)
              SMITH KLINE AND FRENCH (I) LTD. v. C.I.T.                 387

        (ii) any sum paid on account of any rate of tax levied on the A
             profits or gains of any business or profession or assessed at
             a proportion of, or otherwise on the basis of any such profits
             or gains.11

      On appeal, the Appellate Assistant Commissioner allowed the              B
assessee's claim but on further appeal by the Revenue, the Tribunal upheld
the Revenue's contention and disallowed the claim for deduction on the
basis of Section 40(a)(ii). The High Court has affirmed the view taken by
the Tribunal. The only question before us is whether the tax levied under
the Companies Profits (Smtax) Act, 1964 is "a tax levied on the profits or
gains of any business or profession or assessed at a proportion of or          c
otherwise on the basis of any such profits or gains", as contemplated by
the said sub-clause.

       Section 40 opens with a non-obstante clause "notwithstanding any-
thing to the contrary in Sections 30 to 39", which means that even if any D
amount is entitled to deduction under any of the provisions contained in
Sections 30 to 39, it will be disallowed if it falls inter,alia within sub-clause
(ii) of clause (a) of Section 40. The question, therefore, is whether the tax
levied under the Companies Profits (Surtax) Act, 1964 falls within the
mischief of said sub-clause. We think it does.
                                                                               E
       The preamble to the Surtax Act says that it is "an Act to impose a
surtax on the profits of certain companies". Indeed, the statement of objects
and reasons appended to the Bill makes the said intention clear. It says
"the object of this Bill is to impose a special tax on companies (other than
those which have no share capital) on their excess profits, namely, the F
amount by which the total income of a company as reduced by certain types
of income and certain sums and the income-tax and super-tax payable by
it exceeds a sum of ten per cent of the capital reserves and certain
borrowed moneys or a sum of Rs. 2 lakhs, whichever is higher ... ". Section
4 is the charging Section It says "subject to the provisions contained in this G
Act, there shall be charged on every company for every assessment year
commencing on and from the first day of April, 1964, a tax (in this Act
referred to as the surtax) in respect of so much of its (chargeable profits)
of the previous year or previous years, as the case may be, as exceed the
statutory deduction, ?t the rate or rates specified in the Third Schedule."
The expression "chargeable profits" is defined in clause 5 of Section 2. It H
    388                   SUPREME COURT REP OR TS [1996] SUPP. 1 S.C.R.

A reads: "Chargeable profits" means the total income of an assessee com-
  puted under the Income-tax Act, 1961 for any previous year or years, as
  the case may be, and. adjusted in accordance with the provisions of the
  first Schedule." It is thus clear beyond any doubt that the surtax is levied
  on the profits of a company, i.e., on the profits above the prescribed limit.
  The mere fact that the tax is levied upon 'chargeable profits' (which means
B
  the total income of the assessee computed under the Income-tax Act, 1961
  adjusted in accordance with the provisions of the First Schedule) does not
  mean that the tax is not levied on the profits of business. In other words,
  the mere fact that the first Schedule provides for certain further deduc-
  tions out of the total income computed in accordance with the provisions
c of the Income-tax Act, 1961, it cannot be said that amount on which the
  surtax is levied ceases to be the profits of the business. For this reason, it
  must be held that the surtax levied under the Surtax Act squarely falls
  within the mischief of sub-clause (ii) of clause (a) of Section 40 and cannot
  be allowed as a deduction while computing the business income of the
D assessee under the provisions of the Income-tax Act.

          The learned counsel for the assessee sought to rely upon Section 15
    of the Surtax Act in support of their contention that surtax does not fall
    within the four corners of Section 40(a)(ii). Section 15 of the Surtax Act
    reads as follows : "Notwithstanding anything contained in clause (i) of
E   Section 109 of the Income-tax Act, in computing the distributable income
    of a company for the purposes of Chapter XI-D of that Act, the surtax
    payable by the company for any assessment year shall be deductible from
    the total income of the company assessable for that assessment year." A
    reading of the above provisions makes it evident that its operation is
    confined to the computation of the distributable income of a company for
F
    the purposes of Chapter XI-D of the Income-tax Act. It cannot be ex-
    tended to any other chapter or provision in the Act.

           The learned counsel for the appellants placed strong reliance upon
     the decision of this Court in Jaipuria Samia Amalgamated Collieries Ltd. v.
G    Commissioner of Income-Tax, West Bengal, 82 I.T.R. 580 to contend that a
     tax has to be computed in accordance with the provisions of Income-tax
     Act to fall within the mischief of Section 40(a)(ii). Inasmuch as the surtax
     is computed on a basis different from the basis prescribed in the Income-
     tax Act, it is contended, it cannot fall within the four corners of Section
H    40(a)(ii). It is not possible to agree with this contention either. The said
             SMITH KLINE AND FRENCH (I) LTD. v. C.l.T.                389

decision was rendered with reference to sub-section (4) of Section 10 of A
the fndian Income-tax Act, 1922 which corresponds to sub-clause (ii) of
clause (a) of Section 40 of the present Act. The question therein was
whether the amount payable as (i) road and public works cess levied under
the Bengal Cess Act, 1.880 and (ii) the education cess levied under the
Bengal (Rural) Primary Education Act, 1930 fall within the mischief of B
Section 10(4). This court held that they do not. A perusal of the decision
shows that the road and public works cess was levied on immovable property
to· provide for construction and maintenance of roads and other works of
public utility. Under Section 5 of the Act (Bengal Cess Act, 1880) all
immoveable property, with certain exceptions, was subjected to payment of
road cess and public works cess. Section 6 provided that the said cesses C
shall be assessed on the annual value of lands and, until provision to the
contrary was made by Parliament, on the annual net profits from mines,
 quarries, tramways, railways and other immovable property at such rates
as were to be determined in the manner prescribed. Similarly the education
cess was also levied under Section 29 of the Bengal (Rural) Primary D
Education Act, 1930, on immovable property on which the road and public
works cesses were assessed. The rate at which the education cess was to
be levied depended upon the character of the property; in respect of mines
and quarries, it was leviable at the rate of three and a half piece on each
rupee of annual net profits. It is thus abundantly clear that the levy of E
aforesaid cesses was upon the immovable properties and not on profits. It
is no doubt true that the tax was measured with reference to the net profits
of business but it is well-settled by a series of decisions of this Court that
the measure by which a tax is computed does not determine the character
of the tax vide Union of India v. Bombay Tyre International, A.LR. (1984)
S.C. 420 and Goodricke Tea Company v. State of West Benga~ [1995) 1 F
Suppl. S.C.C. 707. It is, therefore, idle to contend that the said decision
helps the assessees' case in any manner. The cesses considered in the said
decision were not taxes 11 levied on the profits or gains of any business or
profession or assessed at a propor.tion of or otherwise on the basis of any
such profits or gains" within the meaning of Section 40(a)(ii) as explained G
hereinabove. The learned counsel, however, relied upon the following
observations in the said decision: "the words ''profits and gains of any
business, profession or vacation" which are employed in section 10(4) can,
in the context, have rekrence only to profits or gains as determined under
section 10 and cannot cover the net profits or gains arrived at or deter- H
    390                   SUPREME COURT REPORTS [1996] SUPP. 1 S.C.R.

A mined in a manner other than that provided by section 10. The whole
  purpose of enacting sub-section (4) of section 10 appears to be to exclude
  from the permissible deductions under clause (ix) and (xv) of sub-section
  (2) such cess, rate or tax which is levied on the profits or gains of any
  business, profession or vocation or is assessed at a proportion or on the
B basis of such profits or gains. In other words, sub-section (4) was meant to
  exclude a tax or a cess or rate the assessment of which would follow the
  determination or assessment of profits or gains of any business, profession
  or vocation in accordance with the provisions of section 10 of the Act.. .......
  These profits arrived at according to the provisions of the two Cess Acts
  can by no stretch of reasoning be equated to the profits which are deter-
c mined under section 10 of the Act. It is not possible to see, therefore, how
  section 10(4) could be applicable at all in the present case." The learned
  counsel pointed out that this Court has in the said decision approved the
  decision of the Privy Council in Commissioner of Income-tax v. Gurupada
  Dutta, 14 LT.R. 100 and has further observed that the Parliament must be
D deemed to have accepted the view taken by the Privy Council by not
  changing the language of the relevant provision in the 1961 Act (Section
  40(a)(ii).

             We are unable to see as to how these observations help and assessee
E    herein. Firstly, it may be mentioned, Section 10(4) of the 1922 Act or
     Section 40( a)(ii) of the present Act do not contain any words indicating
     that the profits and gains spoken of by them should be determined in
     accordance with the provisions of the Income Tax Act. All they say is that
     it must be a rate or tax levied in the profits and gains of business or
     profession. The observations relied upon must be read in the said context
F    and not literally or as the provisions in a statute. But so far as the issne
     herein is concerned, even this literal reading of the said observations does
     not help the assessee. As we have pointed out hereinabove the surtax is
     essentially levied on the business profits of the company computed in
     accordance with the provisions of the Income-tax Act. Merely because
G    certain further deductions (adjustments) are provided by the Surtax Act
     from the said profits, it cannot be said that the surtax is not levied upon
     the profits determined or computed in accordance with the provisions of
      the Income-tax Act. Section 4 of the Surtax Act read with the definition of
     "chargeable profits" and the First Schedule made the position abundantly
H     clear.
             SMITH KLINE AND FRENCH (I) L1lJ. v. C.l.T.             391

       We may mention that all the High Courts in the country except the A
Gauhati High Court have taken the view which we have taken herein. Only
the Gauhati High Court has taken a contrary vie\v in the decisions in
Makum Tea Compa11y (India) Limited & Anr. v. Commissioner of Income
Tax, 178 I.T.R. 453 and Doom Dooma Tea Company Limited v. Commis-
sioner of Income Tax, 180 I.T.R. 126. The decision of the Gauhati High
                                                                           B
Court in Makwn Tea Company (India) Limited, is under appeal before us
in Civil Appeal Nos. 3976-77 of 1995. Similarly Civil Appeal No 3246 of
1995 is preferred against the decision of the Gauhati High Court following
the decision in Doom Domma Tea Company Limited. (On enquiry, the
office has informed that no Special Leave Petition/Civil Appeal has been
filed against the decision in Doom Dooma Tea Company Limited.) For the     c
aforesaid reasons, we can not agree with the view taken by the Gauhati
High Court in the aforesaid decisions.

       We agree with the view taken by the High Courts of (Calcutta)
Mo/ins (India) Limited v. Commissioner of Income Tax, West Bengal-III, D
144 I.T.R. 317 and Brooke Bond (India) Limited v. Commissioner of
Income Tax, 193 I.T.R. 390, (Bombay) Lubrizol (India) Limited v. Commis-
sioner of Income Tax, 187 I.T.R. 25 followed in several other decisions of
that Cour~ (Karnataka) Commissioner of Income Tax, Kamataka v. Inter-
11ational Instnunents Private Limited, 144 I.T.R. 936, (Madras) Sundaram
I11dust1ies Limited v. Commissioner of Income Tax, 159 I.T.R. 646, (Andhra E
Pradesh) Vazir Sultan Tobacco Company Limited v. Commissioner of
Income Tax, 169 I.T.R. 35, (Rajasthan) Association Stone Industries Com-
pany Limited v. Commissioner of Income Tax, 170 l.T.R. 653, (Gujarat) S.
M. Maniklal Industries Limited v. Commissioner of Income Tax, 172 I.T.R.
176 followed in several cases thereafter (Allahabad) Himalyan_Drug Com- F
pany Private Limited v. Commissioner of Income Tax, 218 I.T.R. 346 and
(Punjab Haryana High Court) Highway Cycle Industries Limited v. Com-
missioner of Income Tax, 178 l.T.R. 601.

      Accordingly the appeals preferred by the assessees are dismissed
with costs assessed at Rupees two thousand in each appeal, while the two   G
appeals preferred by the Revenue are allowed with costs of Rupees two
thousand in each appeal.

     Before parting with this case, it may be mentioned that when this
batch of appeals was posted before us, it included an appeal preferred     H
    392                 SUPREME COURT REPORTS [1996] SUPP. l S.C.R.

A   against a judgment of the Andhra Pradesh High Court rendered by a
    Bench comprising one of us (B.P. Jeevan Reddy, J.). The said decision
    merely followed an early decision of that Court. Accordingly with the
    Consent of the counsel for the parties, the said appeal was deleted from
    the batch and the remaining appeals in the batch taken up for hearing.

B   G.N.                         Appeal Preferred hy assessees dismissed and
                                   appeal preferred by the Revenue allowed.