SHRI SUKHBIR SINGH BADALversusBALWANT SINGH KHERA AND ORS.

              [2023] 10 S.C.R. 917 : 2023 INSC 466                       917


                 SHRI SUKHBIR SINGH BADAL                                A
                                  v.
              BALWANT SINGH KHERA AND ORS.
                  (Criminal Appeal No. 1116 of 2023)
                          APRIL 28, 2023                                 B
          [M. R. SHAH AND C. T. RAVIKUMAR, JJ.]
       Representation of People Act, 1951 – s. 29-A(5) – Sikh
Gurudwaras Act, 1925 – Penal Code, 1860 – ss. 420, 463, 465,
466, 467, 468, 471 r/w s. 120B, 191, 192 – Code of Criminal
                                                                         C
Procedure, 1973 – ss. 202, 204, 315, 482 – A private complaint
was filed by the respondent no.1-original complainant u/ss. 463,
465, 466, 467, 468, 471, 191, 192 of IPC against the appellants –
It was alleged in the complaint that while complying with the
requirements of s.29-A(5) of the Representation of People Act, 1951
an affidavit was filed before the Election Commission of India (ECI),    D
which conflicted with the affidavit/undertaking given to the
Gurudwara Election Commission (GEC) – The said affidavit was
sworn by the then president of SAD stating that the Party was
adhering to the principle of secularism – Under the Sikh Gurdwaras
Act, only Sikhs can become voters or contest elections to SGPC –
                                                                         E
That this restricts membership along religious lines and cannot be
said to be secular – It was alleged that the Constitution submitted to
GEC in conformity with the Sikh Gurdwaras Act is contrary to the
one submitted to ECI – It was alleged that the SAD had filed a false
Constitution with ECI to gain recognition as a political party – Trial
Court passed summoning orders against the appellants to face the         F
trial for the offences u/ss. 420, 465, 466, 467, 468, 471 r/w s.120B
IPC – Aggrieved by the summoning order, the appellants filed an
application before the High Court u/s. 482 Cr.P.C seeking quashing
of the complaint as well as the summoning order – The High Court
dismissed the said application and has refused to quash the criminal
                                                                         G
proceedings as well as the summoning order – On appeal, held:
The ingredients for the offence of cheating are not at all satisfied
as there is no question of deceiving any person, fraudulently or
dishonestly to deliver any property to any person and therefore,
even on bare reading of the averments and allegations in the
complaint, no case even remotely for the offence u/s. 420 IPC is         H
                                  917
918            SUPREME COURT REPORTS                      [2023] 10 S.C.R.


A     made out – For the offence of forgery, there must be making of a
      false document with intent to cause damage or injury to the public
      or to any person and therefore, making the false documents is sine
      qua non – In the instant case, no false document has been produced
      and what was produced was the Memorandum and no other
      documents were produced – Even according to the original
B
      complainant, the Memorandum and the claim made at the time of
      registration of the Party that it has adopted a Memorandum
      accepting the secularism, the same was contrary to the Constitution
      of the Party produced before the Gurudwara Election Commission
      – Making a false claim and creating and producing the false document
C     both are different and distinct – Looking to the averments and
      allegations in the complaint and even the material/evidence collected/
      recorded during the course of the inquiry and even assuming the
      complaint’s averments to be true, the ingredients of the offence
      punishable u/ss. 420, 465, 466, 467, 468, 471 are not at all made
      out – Under the circumstances, the entire criminal proceedings
D
      including the summoning order passed by the trial Court are quashed.
            Allowing the appeals, the Court
            HELD: 1. Looking to the averments and allegations in
      the complaint, it is not appreciable at all, how the appellants are
E     alleged to have committed the offence of cheating. The
      ingredients for the offence of cheating are not at all satisfied.
      There is no question of deceiving any person, fraudulently or
      dishonestly to deliver any property to any person. Therefore, even
      on bare reading of the averments and allegations in the complaint,
      no case even remotely for the offence under Section 420 IPC is
F     made out. [Para 5.6][932-D-E]
             2. As per Section 463, “whoever makes any false
      documents, with intent to cause damage or injury, to the public
      or to any person, or to support any claim or title, or to cause any
      person to part with property, or to enter into any express or
G     implied contract, or with intent to commit fraud or that fraud may
      be committed”, he is said to have committed the offence of forgery.
      Making a false document is defined under Section 464 IPC.
      Therefore, for the offence of forgery, there must be making of a
      false document with intent to cause damage or injury to the public
H
 SHRI SUKHBIR SINGH BADAL v. BALWANT SINGH KHERA                     919
                     AND ORS.

or to any person. Therefore, making the false documents is sine      A
qua non. In the present case, no false document has been
produced. What was produced was the Memorandum and no other
documents were produced. Even according to the original
complainant, the Memorandum and the claim made at the time of
registration of the Party that it has adopted a Memorandum
                                                                     B
accepting the secularism, the same was contrary to the
Constitution of the Party produced before the Gurudwara Election
Commission. Making a false claim and creating and producing
the false document both are different and distinct. [Paras 5.8,
5.9][932-H; 933-A-B; 934-B-C]
      3. Looking to the averments and allegations in the complaint   C
and even the material/evidence collected/recorded during the
course of the inquiry and even assuming the complaint’s averments
to be true, the ingredients of the offence punishable under
Sections 420, 465, 466, 467, 468, 471 are not at all made out.
Under the circumstances to continue the criminal proceedings         D
against the appellants – accused arising out of the complaint and
to face the trial by the accused as per the summoning order is
nothing but an abuse of process of law and court and this is a fit
case to quash the entire criminal proceedings arising out of the
complaint filed by the respondent including the summoning order
passed by the learned Trial Court. [Paras 5.11, 6][934-E-F; 935-     E
A-B]
     Sardar Sarup Singh and Ors. v. State of Punjab and
     Ors. AIR 1959 SC 860; S. R. Bommai and Ors. v. Union
     of India and Ors. (1994) 3 SCC 1 : [1994] 2 SCR 644;
     Commissioner, Hindu Religious Endowments, Madras                F
     v. Sri Lakshmindra Thirtha Swamiar of Sri Shirur Mutt
     [1954] SCR 1005; Birla Corporation Limited v. Adventz
     Investments and Holdings Limited and Ors. (2019) 16
     SCC 610 : [2019] 7 SCR 655; Mohammed Ibrahim and
     Ors. v. State of Bihar and Anr. (2009) 8 SCC 751 :              G
     [2009] 13 SCR 1254; Sunil Bharti Mittal v. Central
     Bureau of Investigation (2015) 4 SCC 609 : [2015] 1
     SCR 377; Mehmood Ul Rehman v. Khazir Mohammad
     Tunda and Ors. (2015) 12 SCC 420 : [2015] 4 SCR
     841 – referred to.
                                                                     H
920            SUPREME COURT REPORTS                         [2023] 10 S.C.R.


A                             Case Law Reference
      [1994] 2 SCR 644                referred to              Para 3.5
      [1954] SCR 1005                 referred to              Para 3.5
      [2019] 7 SCR 655                referred to              Para 3.10
B     [2009] 13 SCR 1254              referred to              Para 3.11
      [2015] 1 SCR 377                referred to              Para 3.11
      [2015] 4 SCR 841                referred to              Para 3.11
            CRIMINAL APPELLATE JURISDICTION: Criminal Appeal No.
C     1116 of 2023.
            From the Judgment and Order dated 27.08.2021 of the High Court
      of Punjab & Haryana at Chandigarh in CRM-M No. 54161 of 2019.
            With
D           Criminal Appeal Nos.1118 and 1117 of 2023.
             K.V. Viswanathan, R.S. Cheema, Sr. Advs., Ms. Nandini Gore,
      Sandeep Kapur, Virinder Pal Singh, Ms. Aditi Bhatt, Ms. Tahira
      Karanjawala, Ms. Niharika Karanjawala, Ms. Apoorva Pandey, Arjun
      Sharma, G.g. Kashyap, Rose Verma, Ms. Sanya Dua, Yash Dubey,
E     Ms. Tarannum Cheema, Akash Singh for M/s. Karanjawala & Co. Advs.
      for the Appellant.
           C.U, Singh, Sr. Adv., Prashant Bhushan, Ms. Indira Unninayar,
      Ms. Mudrakshi, Advs. for the Respondents.
            The Judgment of the Court was delivered by
F
            M. R. SHAH, J.
             1. Feeling aggrieved and dissatisfied with the impugned judgment
      and order passed by the High Court of Punjab and Haryana at Chandigarh
      in CRM-M No. 54161 of 2019 by which the High Court has dismissed
      the said application filed under Section 482 Cr.P.C. and has not quashed
G     and set aside the summoning order passed by the learned Trial Court
      summoning the appellants herein – original writ petitioners under Sections
      420, 465, 466, 467, 468, 471 read with 120B IPC and other subsequent
      proceedings arising therefrom, the original accused – appellants herein
      have preferred the present appeals.
H
SHRI SUKHBIR SINGH BADAL v. BALWANT SINGH KHERA                            921
             AND ORS. [M. R. SHAH, J.]

   2. The facts leading to the present appeal in nutshell are as under:-   A
   2.1 Initially, a private complaint was filed by the respondent No. 1
   herein – original complainant before the learned ACJM, Hoshiarpur
   being Complaint No. 23 of 2009 for the offences under Sections
   463, 465, 466, 467, 468, 471, 191, 192 of IPC, 1860 against Shri
   Sukhbir Singh Badal, Shri Sukhdev Singh Dhindsa, Shri Surinder          B
   Singh Shinda and Dr. Daljit Singh Cheema.
   At this stage, it is required to be noted that at the relevant time,
   Shri Parkash Singh Badal, one of the accused now, was not arrayed
   as an accused.
   2.2 It was alleged in the complaint that while complying with the       C
   requirements of Section 29-A(5) of the Representation of People
   Act, 1951 (hereinafter referred to as “Act, 1951”), an affidavit
   was filed in the shape of an undertaking with the Election
   Commission of India (ECI), which conflicted with the affidavit/
   undertaking given to the Gurudwara Election Commission (GEC).           D
   2.3 It was alleged that the said affidavit was sworn by Shri Parkash
   Singh Badal, the then President, Shiromani Akali Dal (SAD) stating
   that the Party was adhering to the principle of secularism. Under
   the Sikh Gurdwaras Act, 1925, only Sikhs can become voters or
   contest elections to Shiromani Gurudwara Prabandhak Committee           E
   (SGPC). That this restricts membership along religious lines and
   cannot said to be secular. It was alleged that the Constitution
   submitted to GEC in conformity with the Sikh Gurdwaras Act,
   1925 is contrary to the one submitted to ECI as it shows that the
   Party is engaged in religious activities while giving an undertaking
   to ECI that it shall bear allegiance to the principles of secularism.   F
   That the SAD had no right to function as a political party as its
   office bearers are non-secular. Therefore, the SAD has filed a
   false Constitution with ECI to gain recognition as a political party.
   2.4 That the learned Trial Court held the inquiry under Section 202
   Cr.P.C. and recorded the statement of the concerned witnesses.          G
   The original complainant filed an application before the learned
   Trial Court with a prayer that Shri Sukhbir Singh Badal and Dr.
   Daljit Singh Cheema be summoned as witnesses and asked to
   produce the documents asked for. It was further submitted that
   the complainant does not want to pursue the complaint against
                                                                           H
922      SUPREME COURT REPORTS                          [2023] 10 S.C.R.


A     them and their names be stuck down from the title of the complaint.
      2.5 The said application was filed on 06.04.2011. By order dated
      26.08.2011, the learned Trial Court ordered the aforesaid two
      persons to be summoned as witnesses along with the record. That
      the primary revision application before the first revisional court –
B     learned Sessions Court came to be dismissed observing that the
      revision is not maintainable against an interlocutory order and that
      no order has been passed by the learned Trial Court on the
      application dated 06.04.2011 of the complainant as regards not
      pursuing the complaint against them. That the complainant again
      filed an application dated 04.07.2014 before the learned Trial Court
C     in Complaint No. 23 of 2009 submitting that he does not want to
      pursue the application dated 06.04.2011.
      2.6 The second application dated 06.08.2014 filed by the appellants
      herein - original writ petitioners under Section 315(1)(a) and (b)
      of Cr.P.C. before the learned ACJM came to be dismissed. The
D     appellants herein filed revision application before the High Court
      seeking quashing of the orders passed by the learned Trial Court
      by which they were summoned as witnesses, which came to be
      disposed of by the High Court, setting aside the summoning of the
      witnesses while allowing the record to be submitted through duly
E     authorized person. That thereafter the inquiry proceeded further
      and the evidence of the relevant witnesses came to be recorded.
      2.7 That after a period of 09 years after the original complaint, the
      complainant moved an amendment application on 28.04.2017 for
      amendment of the complaint, seeking to introduce substantial
F     changes to the complaint as well as five more persons to be added
      as accused and certain offences were also to be added in the
      complaint. Shri Parkash Singh Badal came to be added as an
      accused in the amendment sought. The said application for
      amendment came to be dismissed by the learned Trial Court vide
      order dated 07.06.2017.
G
      2.8 The original complainant challenged the said order dated
      07.06.2017 before the High Court, which was subsequently
      withdrawn with liberty to approach the Trial Court. That on
      08.08.2017, the original complainant – respondent No. 1 herein
      filed second application for amendment. The complainant’s second
H
 SHRI SUKHBIR SINGH BADAL v. BALWANT SINGH KHERA                                923
              AND ORS. [M. R. SHAH, J.]

      application for amendment of the complaint again came to be               A
      dismissed by the learned Trial Court vide order dated 09.11.2017.
      That thereafter by order dated 04.11.2019, impugned before the
      High Court, the learned Trial Court passed summoning orders
      against the appellants to face the trial for the offences under
      Sections 420, 465, 466, 467, 468, 471 read with 120B IPC. At this
                                                                                B
      stage, it is required to be noted that by the said summoning order,
      even Shri Parkash Singh Badal, who was not arrayed as an accused
      in the complaint, has now been arrayed as an accused, has been
      summoned to face the trial for the aforesaid offences.
      2.9 Feeling aggrieved and dissatisfied with the summoning order,
      the appellants herein preferred the present application before the        C
      High Court under Section 482 Cr.P.C. seeking quashing of the
      complaint as well as the summoning order dated 04.11.2019. By
      the impugned judgment and order, the High Court has dismissed
      the said application and has refused to quash the criminal
      proceedings as well as the summoning order. Hence the present             D
      appeals.
       3. Shri K.V. Viswanathan, learned Senior Advocate appearing on
behalf of the appellants has vehemently submitted that the complaint
impugned before the High Court is as such nothing but an abuse of
process of law and the court and therefore, the Hon’ble High Court              E
ought to have quashed the criminal proceedings arising out of the complaint
filed by the respondent No. 1.
      3.1 It is submitted that the complaint dated 20.02.2009, filed by
      the respondent No. 1, has been filed belatedly after 20 years of
      the registration of the Party and in fact after the respondent No.        F
      1 failed in his attempt to get the registration of the Party cancelled.
      It is submitted that Section 29-A of the Act, 1951 was inserted by
      way of amendment, with effect nom 15.03.1989. This amendment,
      inter alia, prescribed that a political party Memorandum seeking
      registration, shall either file a Memorandum or the Rules and
      Regulations of the Body (namely the Constitution), by whatever            G
      name called, containing the specific provision that the Association
      or Body shall bear true faith and allegiance to the principles of
      Socialism, Secularism and Democracy. It is submitted that Section
      29-A did not require an amendment to the Constitution.
                                                                                H
924      SUPREME COURT REPORTS                          [2023] 10 S.C.R.


A     3.2 It is submitted that the Shiromani Akali Dal (Badal) [SAD(B)]
      applied for registration under the said provision by way of an
      application dated 14.08.1989. The registration of SAD(B) was
      challenged through a reference letter sent by the respondent No.
      1, Balwant Singh Khera to the Election Commission of India. After
      receiving the comments of SAD(B), the Secretariat of the ECI
B
      informed the counsel for respondent No. 1 that the challenge was
      not sustainable. The order passed by the ECI was intimated vide
      communication dated 10.01.2008.
      3.3 It is submitted that thereafter having failed to get the
      registration of the Party cancelled, the respondent No. 1 has lodged
C     the present complaint dated 20.02.2009, which is belatedly filed
      after 20 years of the registration and is nothing but an abuse of
      process of law and court.
      3.4 It is submitted that the very premise of the complaint was that
      the undertaking given to the ECI while complying with Section
D     29-A of the Act, 1951 conflicted with the Constitution submitted to
      the Gurudwara Election Commission insofar as the Party was
      engaged in religious activities, while giving false declaration on
      secularism. It is submitted that according to respondent No. 1, as
      per the Constitution of the Shiromani Gurudwara Prabandhak
E     Committee, only a person believing in Sikhism and a particular
      religion can contest the election. It is submitted that as per the
      respondent No. 1, the clauses in the Constitution of the Party cannot
      be said to be believing in secularism and therefore, according to
      respondent No. 1, while submitting the declaration under Section
      29-A of the Act, 1951, a false and contrary claim was made, it is
F     submitted that as such the aforesaid has no substance.
      3.5 It is submitted that the management of a religious place is a
      secular act. The Sikh Gurdwaras Act, 1925 is concerned with
      better management of the gurudwaras and participating in elections
      for Shiromani Gurudwara Prabandhak Committee (SGPC) is not
G     a non-secular act. It is submitted that even while believing in a
      particular religion, a person / Party can be secular. Reliance is
      placed on the decisions of this Court in the case of Sardar Sarup
      Singh and Ors. Vs. State of Punjab and Ors., AIR 1959 SC
      860; S.R. Bommai and Ors. Vs. Union of India and Ors.,
H     (1994) 3 SCC 1; and Commissioner, Hindu Religious
SHRI SUKHBIR SINGH BADAL v. BALWANT SINGH KHERA                               925
             AND ORS. [M. R. SHAH, J.]

   Endowments, Madras Vs. Sri Lakshmindra Thirtha Swamiar                     A
   of Sri Shirur Mutt, 1954 SCR 1005.
   3.6 It is submitted that being religious is not antithetical to
   secularism. One can be religious as well as secular in outlook. It
   is submitted that Party’s membership is open to all. It is submitted
   that therefore, the basis on which the complaint is filed with itself      B
   is baseless.
   3.7 It is further submitted by Shri Viswanathan, learned Senior
   Advocate appearing on behalf of the appellants that even
   otherwise on merits also, no case is made out for the offence for
   which the learned Trial Court has summoned the appellants to               C
   face the trial, namely, under Sections 420, 465, 466, 467, 468, 471
   read with 120B IPC.
   3.8 It is submitted that so far as the offence of cheating alleged is
   concerned, no offence of cheating as defined in Section 415 IPC,
   is made out. It is submitted that the ingredients for the offence of       D
   cheating has not been made out. It is submitted that even in the
   complaint, offence under Section 420 IPC was not even mentioned.
   Later, a proposed amendment with a view to introduce Section
   420 IPC and to add the more persons as accused was made,
   which came to be rejected by a speaking order. The matter was
   taken to the Hon’ble High Court but the criminal revision was              E
   withdrawn. The second application for the same relief moved
   before the Learned Magistrate was also dismissed by just a well-
   reasoned order.
   3.9 It is submitted that even the offence of forgery has not been
   made out. It is submitted that there is no reference to any specific       F
   document either in complaint or in the preliminary evidence. It is
   submitted that there is no allegation and/or a case is made out that
   any false document was created and produced. It is further
   submitted that as such the appellants had absolutely no role in
   filing of the application for registration. It is submitted that Parkash   G
   Singh Badal was not the President of the Party at the time of
   making the application. Neither Sukhbir Singh Badal nor Daljit
   Singh Cheema was holding any office for the Party at that time. It
   is submitted that even otherwise, there was no false affidavit nor
   any forged document had been attached alongwith the application
                                                                              H
926            SUPREME COURT REPORTS                          [2023] 10 S.C.R.


A           for registration, which was made in accordance with law. It is
            submitted that a careful perusal of Section 29-A of the Act, 1951
            would show that a political party seeking registration could either
            file its Constitution or a Memorandum incorporating the declaration
            that it shall bear true faith and allegiance to the principle of
            Secularism. It is submitted that the copy of Constitution was not
B
            attached and only a copy of the Memorandum adopted by the
            Party, in terms of Section 29-A of the Act, 1951 was attached
            with the application. It is submitted that therefore, the ingredients
            of cheating, forgery are not at all made.
            3.10 It is further submitted by Shri Viswanathan, learned Senior
C           Advocate appearing on behalf of the appellants that so far as
            Parkash Singh Badal is concerned, the mandatory requirement of
            inquiry under Section 202 Cr.P.C. has not been followed before
            issuance of summons. It is submitted that neither, Parkash Singh
            Badal was arrayed as an accused in the complaint nor at the time
D           of inquiry he was cited as an accused. It is submitted that therefore,
            in absence of any mandatory inquiry under Section 202 Cr.P.C.,
            the summoning order is vitiated. Reliance is placed on the decision
            of this Court in the case of Birla Corporation Limited Vs.
            Adventz Investments and Holdings Limited and Ors.,
            (2019) 16 SCC 610.
E
            3.11 It is further submitted that while considering the revision
            application, the High Court has not properly appreciated and/or
            considered that the summoning order was vitiated because of the
            failure to consider the question as to whether the application
            discloses the commission of the offences alleged or the ingredients
F           of the offences. Reliance has been placed on the decisions of this
            Court in the case of Mohammed Ibrahim and Ors. Vs. State
            of Bilar and Anr., (2009) 8 SCC 751 (Paras 13-14, 21); Sunil
            Bharti Mittal Vs. Central Bureau of Investigation, (2015)
            4 SCC 609 (Para 48); and Mehmood Ul Rehman Vs. Khazir
G           Mohammad Tunda and Ors., (2015) 12 SCC 420 (Para 20).
            3.12 Making above submissions, it is prayed to allow the present
            appeals.
             4. While opposing the present appeals, Shri Prashant Bhushan,
      learned counsel and Shri C.U. Singh, learned senior counsel have made
H     the following submissions:-
SHRI SUKHBIR SINGH BADAL v. BALWANT SINGH KHERA                             927
             AND ORS. [M. R. SHAH, J.]

   4.1 That in the facts and circumstances of the case and considering      A
   the material on record and/or evidence recorded during the course
   of the inquiry under Section 202 Cr.P.C. and therefore, when the
   learned Trial Court was satisfied that a prima facie case is made
   out against the accused for the offences under Sections 420, 465,
   466, 467, 468, 471 read with 120B IPC, neither the learned Trial
                                                                            B
   Court has committed any error in summoning the accused to face
   the trial for the aforesaid offences nor the Hon’ble High Court
   has committed any error in disposing the revision application.
   4.2 It is submitted that as such the impugned order passed by the
   High Court is just within the parameters of the limitation of the
   High Court while exercising the powers under Section 482 Cr.P.C.         C
   and thereafter when the Hon’ble High Court has dismissed the
   revision application and has refused to quash the summoning order
   and the criminal proceedings while exercising the limited jurisdiction
   under Section 482 Cr.P.C., the same may not be interfered with
   by this Court.                                                           D
   4.3 It is further submitted by Shri Prashant Bhushan, learned
   counsel appearing on behalf of the original complainant that the
   case is a serious one of fraud, forgery and cheating committed by
   the accused – appellants herein in order to obtain the registration
   of the Shiromani Akali Dal (Badal), as a political party. It is          E
   submitted that the witnesses have stated that a fabricated document
   presenting it as the Party’s “Memorandum” or “Rules and
   Regulations” was submitted to the Election Commission of India
   in order to project compliance with Section 29-A of the Act, 1951
   and thereby, obtained registration and its benefits.
                                                                            F
   4.4 It is submitted that as per the witnesses examined during the
   course of inquiry, Shri Parkash Singh Badal had issued instructions
   to the concerned persons to file such document.
   4.5 It is submitted that the petitioners- appellants herein Shri
   Parkash Singh Badal had submitted a different Constitution before        G
   the Gurdwara Election Commission (GEC), which was in
   conformity with the Sikh Gurdwaras Act, 1925 to seek election to
   the Shiromani Gurdwara Prabandhak Committee (SGPC). It is
   submitted that the eligibility criteria to contest the election of the
   SGPC and the undertakings before the ECI and GEC are contrary
                                                                            H
928      SUPREME COURT REPORTS                          [2023] 10 S.C.R.


A     to each other. It is submitted that therefore, a secular image as a
      political party was being projected before the ECI, while before
      the GEC, it was projected that only restricted membership of only
      adult Singhs and Singhnis / baptized Sikhs, was permitted. It is
      submitted that, thus, a falsified Constitution was knowingly filed
      by the appellants before the ECI. It is submitted that the continuing
B
      nature of fraud and the roles of appellants have also been brought
      out by the witnesses and through evidence collected during the
      inquiry collected through the pre-summoning stage before the
      learned Magistrate’s Court, resulting in its summoning order.
      4.6 It is further submitted by Shri Prashant Bhushan, learned
C     counsel appearing on behalf of the original complainant that at the
      stage of summoning, the allegations in the complaint alone are
      required to be considered and it is required to be considered
      whether the allegations in the complaint disclose cognizable
      offences committed by the appellants or not. It is submitted that a
D     complaint only sets the law into motion, whereas, it is on the basis
      of evidence recorded in accordance with Section 200 Cr.P.C.,
      that a Magistrate’s court is dutybound and empowered to pass a
      speaking order under Section 203 Cr.P.C. or Section 204 Cr.P.C.
      It is submitted that on the basis of the material/evidence collected/
      recorded during the course of the inquiry, the Magistrate’s Court
E     decides to summon or not to summon those involved in the offences.
      It is submitted that, therefore, once on the basis of the material
      collected during the course of the inquiry, if the Magistrate is
      satisfied that a prima facie case is made out against the accused,
      summoning order be issued against the accused to face the trial.
F     4.7 It is submitted that in the present case by submitting the false
      claim of secularism just contrary to the relevant clauses in the
      Constitution of the Party, a clear case is made out for the offence
      under Section 415/420 IPC. It is submitted that it is a clear case
      of cheating and dishonest inducement. It is further submitted by
G     the learned counsel appearing on behalf of the original complainant
      that even the case for forgery is made out. It is submitted that as
      per the definition of forgery, “whoever makes any false documents
      with intent to commit fraud or that fraud may be committed by
      such persons is said to have committed the offence of forgery”.
      It is submitted that therefore, in the present case, a clear case of
H     forgery has been made out.
 SHRI SUKHBIR SINGH BADAL v. BALWANT SINGH KHERA                              929
              AND ORS. [M. R. SHAH, J.]

      4.8 Now, so far as the submission on behalf of the appellants,          A
      more particularly, by the appellant – Parkash Singh Badal that as
      he was originally not named in the complaint and even at the time
      of inquiry under Section 202 Cr.P.C., he was not named in the
      inquiry and therefore, the summoning order is vitiated on the ground
      that the mandatory requirement of inquiry under Section 202 Cr.P.C.
                                                                              B
      has not been complied with, is concerned, it is submitted that on
      the basis of the material / evidence collected during the course of
      inquiry, if the Magistrate finds that a person not named in the
      complaint has also committed the offence, the Magistrate is always
      justified in summoning that person as an accused. It is submitted
      that even otherwise on non-compliance of the requirement under          C
      Section 202 Cr.P.C. of holding the inquiry, the summoning order
      on merits cannot be said to have been vitiated. Shri Bhushan,
      learned counsel appearing on behalf of the original complainant
      made elaborate submissions on what can be said to be secularism
      and/or whether the appellants believed in secularism or not and/or
                                                                              D
      the Party believes in secularism or not. However, for the reasons
      hereinabove, we do not propose to go into such larger question
      and therefore, we are not dealing with the same elaborately.
      4.9 Making above submissions, it is prayed to dismiss the present
      appeals.
                                                                              E
       5. Heard the learned counsel for the respective parties at length.
We have also perused and considered the averments and allegations in
the complaint dated 20.02.2009 as well as the application and the
Memorandum annexed with the application filed for registration of the
Party, while submitting the application under Section 29-A of the Act,
1951. We have also gone through the summoning order passed by the             F
learned Trial Court.
      5.1 At the outset, it is required to be noted that the appellants
      herein are summoned by the learned Trial Court to face the trial
      for the offences under Sections 420, 465, 466, 467, 468, 471 read
      with Section 120B IPC.                                                  G
      5.2 The main allegation in the complaint was that in the year 1989
      and as per the Constitution prevailing at the relevant time, i.e., in
      the year 1989, Shiromani Akali Dal (Badal) was engaged in non-
      secularism but they contested and got seats in the elections to the
                                                                              H
930      SUPREME COURT REPORTS                         [2023] 10 S.C.R.


A     SGPC, therefore, the Memorandum annexed with the application
      for registration under Section 29-A of the Act, 1951 was false.
      5.3 From the material on record, more particularly, the application
      for registration of the Shiromani Akali Dal (Badal) under Section
      29-A of the Act, 1951, it appears that as per the requirement under
B     Section 29-A, that a political party should deal in secularism and
      socialism, a Memorandum to that effect was produced. Neither
      the “Constitution” of the Party nor any other “Rules or Regulations”
      were produced. It was stated in the application that the Party had
      adopted a Memorandum to the effect that “Shiromani Akali Dal
      (Badal) shall bear true faith and allegiance to the Constitution of
C     India as by law established and to the principles of socialism,
      secularism and democracy and would uphold the sovereignty, unity
      and integrity of lndia”. What was produced was the copy of the
      Memorandum. In light of the above, the offence for which the
      accused are summoned to face the trial are required to be
D     considered.
      5.4 Appellants are summoned to face the trial for the offences
      under Sections 420, 465, 466, 467, 468, 471 read with 120B IPC.
      The relevant provisions are as under:-
                “420. Cheating and dishonestly inducing delivery
E        of property.—Whoever cheats and thereby dishonestly
         induces the person deceived to deliver any property to any
         person, or to make, alter or destroy the whole or any part of a
         valuable security, or anything which is signed or sealed, and
         which is capable of being converted into a valuable security,
F        shall be punished with imprisonment of either description for a
         term which may extend to seven years, and shall also be liable
         to fine.
                 465. Punishment for forgery.—Whoever commits
         forgery shall be punished with imprisonment of either description
G        for a term which may extend to two years, or with fine, or with
         both.
               466. Forgery of record of Court or of public
         register, etc.—Whoever forges a document or an electronic
         record, purporting to be a record or proceeding of or in a Court
H
SHRI SUKHBIR SINGH BADAL v. BALWANT SINGH KHERA                             931
             AND ORS. [M. R. SHAH, J.]

     of Justice, or a register of birth, baptism, marriage or burial, or    A
     a register kept by a public servant as such, or a certificate or
     document purporting to be made by a public servant in his
     official capacity, or an authority to institute or defend a suit, or
     to take any proceedings therein, or to confess judgment, or a
     power of attorney, shall be punished with imprisonment of either
                                                                            B
     description for a term which may extend to seven years, and
     shall also be liable to fine.
            Explanation.—For the purposes of this section “register”
     includes any list, data or record of any entries maintained in the
     electronic form as defined in clause (r) of sub- section (1) of
     Section 2 of the Information Technology Act, 2000.                     C

             467. Forgery of valuable security, will, etc.—
     Whoever forges a document which purports to be a valuable
     security or a will, or an authority to adopt a son, or which
     purports to give authority to any person to make or transfer
     any valuable security, or to receive the principal, interest or        D
     dividends thereon, or to receive or deliver any money, movable
     property, or valuable security, or any document purporting to
     be an acquittance or receipt acknowledging the payment of
     money, or an acquittance or receipt for the delivery of any
     movable property or valuable security, shall be punished with          E
     imprisonment for life, or with imprisonment of either description
     for a term which may extend to ten years, and shall also be
     liable to fine.
           468. Forgery for purpose of cheating.— Whoever
     commits forgery, intending that the document or electronic             F
     record forged shall be used for the purpose of cheating, shall
     be punished with imprisonment of either description for a term
     which may extend to seven years, and shall also be liable to
     fine.
            471. Using as genuine a forged document or                      G
     electronic record.—Whoever fraudulently or dishonestly uses
     as genuine any document or electronic record which he knows
     or has reason to believe to be a forged document or electronic
     record, shall be punished in the same manner as if he had forged
     such document or electronic record.”
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932      SUPREME COURT REPORTS                           [2023] 10 S.C.R.


A     5.5 Now, so far as the offence under Section 420 of the IPC is
      concerned, “whoever cheats and thereby dishonestly induces the
      person deceived to deliver any property to any
      person,……………” shall be said to have committed the offence
      of cheating and shall be punished. Cheating is defined under Section
      415 IPC, which reads as under:-
B
                415. Cheating.—Whoever, by deceiving any person,
         fraudulently or dishonestly induces the person so deceived to
         deliver any property to any person, or to consent that any person
         shall retain any property, or intentionally induces the person so
         deceived to do or omit to do anything which he would not do or
C        omit if he were not so deceived, and which act or omission
         causes or is likely to cause damage or harm to that person in
         body, mind, reputation or property, is said to “cheat”.
               Explanation.—A dishonest concealment of facts is a
         deception within the meaning of this section.”
D
      5.6 Looking to the averments and allegations in the complaint, it is
      not appreciable at all, how the appellants are alleged to have
      committed the offence of cheating. The ingredients for the offence
      of cheating are not at all satisfied. There is no question of deceiving
      any person, fraudulently or dishonestly to deliver any property to
E     any person……… Therefore, even on bare reading of the
      averments and allegations in the complaint, no case even remotely
      for the offence under Section 420 IPC is made out.
      5.7 Now, so far as the offence under Section 465 is concerned.
      As per Section 465, “whoever commits forgery shall be punished
F     for the offence under Section 465”. Forgery is defined under
      Section 463, which reads as under:-
                “463. Forgery.—Whoever makes any false documents
         or false electronic record or part of a document or electronic
         record, with intent to cause damage or injury, to the public or
G        to any person, or to support any claim or title, or to cause any
         person to part with property, or to enter into any express or
         implied contract, or with intent to commit fraud or that fraud
         may be committed, commits forgery.”
      5.8 Therefore, as per Section 463, “whoever makes any false
H     documents, with intent to cause damage or injury, to the public or
SHRI SUKHBIR SINGH BADAL v. BALWANT SINGH KHERA                              933
             AND ORS. [M. R. SHAH, J.]

   to any person, or to support any claim or title, or to cause any          A
   person to part with property, or to enter into any express or implied
   contract, or with intent to commit fraud or that fraud may be
   committed”, he is said to have committed the offence of forgery.
   Making a false document is defined under Section 464 IPC.
   Therefore, for the offence of forgery, there must be making of a
                                                                             B
   false document with intent to cause damage or injury to the public
   or to any person. Therefore, making the false documents is sine
   qua non. Identical question came to be considered by this Court
   in the case of Mohammed Ibrahim & Ors. (supra). While
   interpreting Sections 464 and 471 IPC and other relevant provisions
   of IPC, in paragraphs 13 and 14, it is observed and held as under:-       C
             “13. The condition precedent for an offence under
      Sections 467 and 471 is forgery. The condition precedent for
      forgery is making a false document (or false electronic record
      or part thereof). This case does not relate to any false
      electronic record. Therefore, the question is whether the first        D
      accused, in executing and registering the two sale deeds
      purporting to sell a property (even if it is assumed that it did not
      belong to him), can be said to have made and executed false
      documents, in collusion with the other accused.
              14. An analysis of Section 464 of the Penal Code shows         E
      that it divides false documents into three categories:
      1. The first is where a person dishonestly or fraudulently makes
      or executes a document with the intention of causing it to be
      believed that such document was made or executed by some
      other person, or by the authority of some other person, by whom        F
      or by whose authority he knows it was not made or executed.
      2. The second is where a person dishonestly or fraudulently, by
      cancellation or otherwise, alters a document in any material
      part, without lawful authority, after it has been made or executed
      by either himself or any other person.                                 G
      3. The third is where a person dishonestly or fraudulently causes
      any person to sign, execute or alter a document knowing that
      such person could not by reason of (a) unsoundness of mind;
      or (b) intoxication; or (c) deception practised upon him, know
      the contents of the document or the nature of the alteration.
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934            SUPREME COURT REPORTS                         [2023] 10 S.C.R.


A           In short, a person is said to have made a “false document”, if (i)
            he made or executed a document claiming to be someone else or
            authorised by someone else; or (ii) he altered or tampered a
            document; or (iii) he obtained a document by practising deception,
            or from a person not in control of his senses.”
B           5.9 In the present case, no false document has been produced.
            What was produced was the Memorandum and no other
            documents were produced. Even according to the original
            complainant, the Memorandum and the claim made at the time of
            registration of the Party that it has adopted a Memorandum
            accepting the secularism, the same was contrary to the Constitution
C           of the Party produced before the Gurudwara Election Commission.
            Making a false claim and creating and producing the false
            document both are different and distinct.
            5.10 Now, so far as the offences under Sections 466, 467, and 468
            IPC are concerned, on the face of it, it cannot be said that any
D           case is made out for the said offences. Section 466 is with respect
            to forgery of record of court or of public register. Section 467 is
            with respect to forgery of valuable security, will etc. Section 468
            relates to forgery for the purposes of cheating. Section 471 will
            be applicable in case of using as genuine a forged document.
E           5.11 Looking to the averments and allegations in the complaint and
            even the material/evidence collected/ recorded during the course
            of the inquiry and even assuming the complaint’s averments to be
            true, the ingredients of the offence punishable under Sections 420,
            465, 466, 467, 468, 471 are not at all made out.
F           5.12 At this stage, it is also required to be noted that even the
            application under Section 29-A of the Act, 1951 was made as far
            as back in the year 1989 and thereafter even the respondent No.
            1 filed the complaint before the ECI, which came to be dismissed
            by the ECI and thereafter the present complaint has been filed in
G           the year 2009, i.e., after a period of 20 years from the date of
            filing of the application for registration under Section 29-A of the
            Act, 1951, which was made in the year 1989.
            6. In view of the above and for the reasons stated above, and
      even assuming the complaint’s averments to be true, do not make out
      the ingredients of the offences, for which the learned Trial Court has
H
      passed the summoning order.
 SHRI SUKHBIR SINGH BADAL v. BALWANT SINGH KHERA                                     935
              AND ORS. [M. R. SHAH, J.]

       Under the circumstances to continue the criminal proceedings                  A
against the appellants – accused arising out of the complaint and to
face the trial by the accused as per the summoning order is nothing but
an abuse of process of law and court and this is a fit case to quash the
entire criminal proceedings arising out of the complaint filed by the
respondent No. 1 including the summoning order passed by the learned
                                                                                     B
Trial Court.
      7. In view of the above and for the reasons stated above, present
appeals succeed. The impugned judgment and order passed by the High
Court dismissing the revision application is hereby quashed and set aside.
       The order passed by the Trial Court dated 04.11.2019 summoning                C
the appellants – accused to face the trial for the offences under Sections
420, 465, 466, 467, 468, 471 read with 120B IPC is hereby quashed and
set aside.
       Present appeals are accordingly allowed. However, before parting,
we may observe that we have set aside the summoning order on the                     D
aforesaid grounds only and we have not expressed anything on the
Constitution of the Party - Shiromani Akali Dal (Badal) and the present
order shall not affect the pending proceedings before the High Court of
Delhi, which is reported to be pending against the order passed by the
ECI.
                                                                                     E
       With these observations, present appeals are allowed.

Ankit Gyan                                                        Appeals allowed.
(Assisted by : Abhishek Pratap Singh and Mahendra Yadav, LCRAs)

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