RAMBILAS AND ORS.versusSTATE OF MADHYA PRADESH

                          RAMBILAS AND ORS.                                     A
                                      v.
                    STATE OF MADHYA PRADESH

                            OCTOBER 3, 1997

              [M.M. PUNCHHI AND S.P. KURDUKAR, JJ.]                             B


      Indian Penal Code, I860-Section 302-Accused prosecuted for murder
of a notorious character-Prosecution case based on evidence of four eye
witnesses-Occurrence allegedly in late evening-Festival being celebrated C
in village where villagers dance and drink through out the night-Eye
witnesses claimed having been woken up with noise of beating with sticks
and went towards place of occurrence-During cross examination admitted
not to have seen actual assault on deceased by appellants-Father of
deceased informed and FIR lodged only next morning-Dead body discovered
later at instance of accused-Held-Courts below erred in convicting D
accused-Evidence of eye witnesses identical including omissions,
contradictions and improvements-Evidence not corroborated by medical
evidence-Evidence of eye witnesses improbable and unbelievable-Evidence
indicates blind murder-Absence of motive for eye witnesses to implicate
accused does not by itself make evidence credible-Mere recovery of E
incriminating articles at the instance of accused cannot form basis of
conviction.

     Constitution of India, I950-Article 136-Jurisdiction·-Held-
Ordinarily Supreme Court does not interfere with findings of facts or re-
appreciate evidence-However in the instant case well known principles of        p
appreciation ofevidence totally ignored by Courts below-concurrent findings
of courts below reversed-Conviction set aside.
                                     .
      The Appellants were accused under Section 302 and 201 IPC for murder
of deceased, a notorious person, addicted to liquor and a womanizer. At the
relevant time, deceased was staying with accused, A-5 with whose wife he had    G
eloped for a short period. According to prosecution case, occurrence took
place late in the evening when a festival was being celebrated in the village
on which occasion villagers dance and drink during the night. At about 10.30.
p.m. some villagers, namely four eyewitnesses, woke up because of noise of
marpeet with sticks and went towards place of occurrence. They saw the actual
                                    405                                         H
    406                      SUPREME COURT REPORTS [1997] SUPP. 4 S.C.R.

A marpeet apd were told by the appellants that the deceased had been killed, but
    they were threatened from going near the place of marpeet and returned since
    they were unarmed. They claimed that they alongwith other villagers had
    returned to the place of occurrence subsequently and inspite of searching
    through out the night, they did not see the accused or the body of the deceased.
B   They informed the father of deceased about the incident only the next morning
    and an FIR was lodged. During interrogation, statement of A-2 led to discovery
    of dead body from a tank. Disclosure statement of other accused led to recovery
    of other incriminating articles.

          The Session Court and the High Court held all the appellants to be
C   guilty and convicted them under Sections 302 and 20 IPC for life on first
    count and two years RI on second count. The present appeals were filed by
    the convicts through jail.

          Allowing the Appeals, the Court

          HELD : 1.1. Supreme Court would ordinarily not to interfere with finding
D   of fact, based on appreciation of evidence by courts below. However, in the
    instant c:i.se, since the courts below have mechanically read evidence of eye
    witnesses and totally ignored well known principle of appreciation of evidence,
    the concurrent judgments of courts below and the convictions of appellants
    cannot be sustained. [409-B]
E
          1.2. The courts below have committed an error while convicting the
    Appellant under Section 302 and 201 IPC. They have failed to read the
    evidence of the witnesses in a proper perspective and have erred in accepting
    their evidence as credible and truthful. [410-F]

p         2.1. The evidence of the four main eye witnesses is identical, including
    the omissions, contradictions and the improvements. A comparison of their
    evidence indicates that they repeated what was taught. Even the talk between
    the four eye witnesses and the appellants was identical. Their evidence is
    improbable. [409-C)

G         2.2. The claim of the four eye witnesses that they had gone to the place
    of occurrence is totally unbelievable. Inspite of a festival being celebrated,
    the witnesses claimed to have been woken up by the noise of marpeet by sticks.
    During cross-examination they admitted that they did not see the actual assault
    by the Appellants. [409-D-E]

H         Also, they did not inform the father of the deceased that night and
            RAMBILAS v. STATE OF M.P. [S.P. KURDUKAR, J.]                    407
neither did they lodge an FIR until the next morning. (410-B]                       A
      Their evidence is contrary to medical evidence inasmuch as, if all five
appellants had simultaneously attacked the deceased, there ought to have many
more injuries on the body of the deceased. [410-C]

        2.3. The evidence of the eye witnesses, which was the basis of conviction   B
of the appellants, indicates that in all probability it was a blind murder. It is
probable that someone other than the appellants assaulted the deceased since
it is shown that the deceased was a notorious character with many enemies.
                                                                         [410-D]

     3. Though there was no motive for the eye witnesses to implicate the           C
appellants, that by itself is not proof that their evidence is trustworthy.
                                                                         [410-E]

      4. Assuming corroborative evidence, viz, recovery of incriminating
articles at instance of appellants, to be true, it cannot form the basis of
conviction in this case. (410-G[                                                    D
     CRIMINAL APPELLATE JURISDICTION : Criminal Appeal Nos.
325-29 of 1996.

     From the Judgment and Order dated 23.8.93 of the Madhya Pradesh
High Couit in Crl. A. Nos. 962-966 of 1986.                                         E
      N.M. Popli (A.C.) for the Appellants.

     Anoop Chaudhary, Sakesh Kumar and Uma Nath Singh for the
Respondents.
                                                                                    F
      The Judgment of the Court was delivered by

      S.P. KURDUKAR, J. The High Court as well as the Session Court by
their concurrent judgments held the appellants in all these criminal appeals
guilty of committing the murder of one Deosharan @ Devsaran s/o Bigen and
convicted them under Sections 302 and 201 IPC and sentenced each one of             G
them to suffer imprisonment for life on first count and two years' RI on
second count. Substantive sentences were ordered to run concurrently. These
appeals have been filed by the appellants (convicts) through jail.

      (2) Deosharan (since deceased) hailed from village Chirrnari and at the
relevant time he was staying atthe house ofRambilas@ Vilas (A-5). Deosharan H
    408                      SUPREME COURT REPORTS [1997] SUPP. 4 S.C.R.

A was said to be a notorious person and was addicted to liquor and womanizer
     too. He was said to have married four times and had even eloped with the
     wife of A-5 for a short period and after returning started living with A-5 only.
     It was alleged that there was a dispute between Deosharan and his father
     Bigen (P.W. I) on one hand and Samarsai (Bigen's nephew) on the other. The
     occurrence took place on 30.5.1985 and on that day "Ganga Dashara" a
B    festival was being celebrated in the said area. The occurrence in question
     took place late in the evening at about I 0.30 p.m. On this festival occasion
     villagers drink and dance during the night. It is alleged by the prosecution
     that at about I 0.30 p.m. some of the villagers heard the noise of sticks during
     marpeet and because of this noise the prosecution witnesses, namely, Devsai
C    (P.W. 2), Sitaram (P.W. 3), Sukhnath (P.W. 5), Suddhooram (P.W. 6) and orie
     Ramdin woke up from the sleep and went in the direction of Pondi Bathan
     Dad from where the noise of marpeet was coming. These eye witnesses
    claimed to have seen the actual assault caused by the appellants on Deosharan.
     All these eye witnesses requested the appellants to spare Deosharan but
    however, the appellants prohibited them from going near the place where
D   marpeet was going on and threatened them saying that if they feel their lives
    are precious, go away from the said place. These eye witnesses further
    claimed that the appellants told them that they had finished Deosharan. The
    eye witnesses who were unarmed returned to the village and broke the news
    and also went to the house of Sarpanch to apprise him about the incident.
E   The witnesses and some other villagers thereafter went to the place of
    occurrence but they did not see the appellants as well as the dead body of
    Deosharan. After returning to the village next day morning these eye witnesses
    contacted Bigen (P. W. I) and informed him about the incident. The FIR was
    accordingly lodged. During interrogation Bahadur (A-2) made a statement
    which led to the discovery of the dead body which had been thrown into the
F   tank. The dead body of Deosharan was fished out and after holding the
    autopsy on the dead body it was sent for post mortem examination. The other
    accused persons were also arrested during investigation. After completing
    the necessary investigation a charge-sheet came to be filed against the
    appellants under Sections 302 and 20 I !PC.
G          (3) The appellants denied to have committed any offence and pleaded
    that they are innocent and have been falsely implicated in the present crime.
          ~4)At the trial prosecution examined as many as 13 witnesses of whom
    P.W. 2, P.W. 3, P.W. 5 and P.W. 6 claimed to be the eye witnesses. The
    memorandum of disclosure statements of various accused persons prepared
H   under Section 27 of the Evidence Act during investigation and the recoveries
            RAMBILAS v. STATE OF M.P. [S.P. KURDUKAR, J.)                  409

of various incriminating articles made pursuant thereto were also relied upon      A
to bring home the guilt of the accused.

       (5) We have very carefully gone through the judgments of both the
Courts below and with respect we find that notwithstanding the concurrent
judgments thereof we are unable to sustain the convictions of the appellants
on any count. It is well settled that this Court would be slow to interfere with   B
the findings of facts recorded by the courts below which are based on
appreciation of evidence but we are of the considered view that the Sessions
Court as well as the High Court have mechanically read the evidence of eye
witnesses and totally ignored the well known principle of appreciation of
evidence. We have very carefully gone through the evidence of P.W. 2, P.W.         C
3. P.W. 5 and P.W. 6 who claimed to be the eye witnesses. Ifwe compare the
evidence of these eye witnesses it is immediately noticed that their evidence
is just like a parrot, telling about what is taught. Even the omissions,
contradictions and improvements are identical. The claim of these eye witnesses
is totally unbelievable when they testified that they had gone to the place of
occurrence. The distance between tqeir houses and the place of occurrence          D
is said to be one furlong. It was night time and the only light available was
that of the Moon.

                 "
       A festival "Ganga Dashara" was being celebrated in the village and
these witnesses claimed that they heard the noise of marpeet by sticks and,        E
therefore, they woke up. During the cross-examination they tried to explain
by saying that they were not fully asleep and, therefore, could hear the noise
of marpeet. They claimed that they had not consumed any liquor. Their
further claim was that when they went to the place of occurrence they all had
earlier met at a place which was in front of the house of Sukhnath (P. W. 5).
The claim of Sukhnath was that he overheard the talk between other eye-            F
witnesses and, therefore, he came out and went along with them to the place
of occurrence. The claim made by these eye witnesses in their examination-
in-chief was that they had actually seen the assault on Deosharan by the
appellants but during cross-examination they admitted that they did not see
the actual assault as they were prevented from going to the place of occurrence    G
by the appellants. The talk between the appellants and these four eye witnesses
was again absolutely identical without adding a word 'less' or 'more'. In
addition to the above, the salient feature of their evidence is that after some
time they again went to the place of occurrence but they could not see the
appellants as well as the dead body. They searched for the appellants during
the whole night. This claim of these eye witnesses is difficult to be accepted     H
    410                      SUPREME COURT REPORTS [1997] SUPP. 4 S.C.R.

A   because according to them, they had already been threatened by saying that
    if they make any noise they would meet the same fate like Deosharan. The
    assertion of these witnesses that they had gone to the place of occurrence
    during that night appeared to us a cock and bull story. Another circumstance
    weighed with us is that despite such a ghastly attack on Deosharan, none
    of them ever thought of going to the father of Deosharan to inform him about
B   the incident. They also did not go to the police station during the same night
    to lodge the First Information Report. Further more the story of these eye
    witnesses as regards the assault on Deosharan is also not corroborated from
    the medical evidence. Dr. S.S. Pankera (P.W. 4) had noticed three external
    injuries on the head and many small injuries on the whole chest, backside and
C   both feet, knees and below knees. Dr. S.S. Pankare further opined that the
    dead body was mutilated and there was a fracture on occipital portion and
    blood clot was present inside the skull. One has to only test this evidence
    on the touchstone of probability that when five appellants were simultaneously
    attacking Deosharan with the sticks in their hands, of which the noise was
    heard from the distance of one furlong, there ought to have been many more
D   injuries on the dead body of Deosharan .. After going through the evidence
    of these four star witnesses who constituted a backbone of the prosecution
    story, we are of the considered view that in all probabilities it was a blind
    murder.

E         (6) It is no doubt true that there was no motive for these eye witnesses
    to implicate the appellants in the present crime. That by itself would not lend
    any full proof assurance that their evidence is credible and trustworthy. It has
    also come on the record that because of notorious character of Deosharan
    he had many enemies in and around the village and if that be so the probability
    of somebody also other than the appellants being the assailant cannot be
F   ruled out. The courts below, in our opinion, had failed to read the evidence
    of these eye witnesses in a proper perspective and had fallen into error in
    accepting their evidence as credible and truthful.

          (7) Coming to the other corroborative evidence, viz., recovery of certain
    incriminating articles at the instance of the appellants under Section 27 of the
G   Evidence Act, assuming it to be true, the same cannot form the basis of
    conviction in the present case. In our considered view the Sessions Court as
    well as the High Court had committed an error while convicting the appellants
    under Sections 302 and 201 !PC and consequently both the judgments are
    required to be upset.

H         (8) For the reasons recorded here in above we allow Criminal Appeal
                      RAMBILAS v. STATE OF M.P. [S.P. KURDUKAR, J.]               411
         No. 325-29/96 filed by the appellants. The judgments and orders of conviction   A
         passed against the appellants by the courts below are quashed and set aside
         and the appellants are acquitted of all the charges. The appellants who are
         in jail be released forthwith if not required in any other case.

         SK                                                         Appeals allowed.




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