MANAGEMENT OF BHARAT HEAVY ELECTRICALS LTD.versusM. MANI

                       [2017) I 1 S.C.R. 933


 ·MANAGEMENT OF BHARAT HEAVY ELECTRICALS LTD.                         A
                                v.
                           ·M. MANI
                  (Civil Appeal No.10766 of2013)
                      NOVEMBER 09, 2017                               B

  [R. K. AGRAWAL AND ABBAY MANOHAR SAPRE, JJ.]
       Service Law - Dismissal - For commission of theft while on
duty - Enquiry officer held both the respondents were involved in
commission of theft - Appellant accepted report and dismissed the     C
respondents from service - This gave rise to filing of two cases -
One u/s. 379 TPC in the court of Magistrate and other by the
respondents against the appellant in Labour Court challenging
legality of their dismissal orders - Magistrate acquitted the
respondents from the charge u/s. 379 TPC -' Labour Court held the
departmental enquiry was properly held, however, since the            D
criminal case resulted in acquittal of the respondents, the
departmental enquiry stood vitiated and therefore, ordered
reinstatement of respondents in service with payment of full back
wages - Aggrieved, appellant filed writ petition - Single judge of
High Court set aside the award of the Labour Court and remanded       E
the case to Labour Court for deciding both matters afresh -
Division Bench set aside the order of the writ Court and directed
reinstatement of the respondents - On appeal, held: Labour Court
rightly held that the departmental enquiry conducted by the
appellant was legal and proper - However, it committed an error in
holding that the departmental enquiry got vitiated due to criminal    F
court's order which had acquitted the respondents from the charge
of theft - There was no occasion for the Labour Court to examine
this issue once the departmental enquiry was held 'legal and proper
- Insofar punishment imposed by the appellant to the respondents
is concerned, an act of theft committed by an employee while on       G
duty is a serious charge - Having regard to the nature of charge
which stood proved in the enquiry, the order of dismissal from
service was the appropriate punishment - Therefore, the impugned
judgment set aside and the orders of dismissal held as legal and
proper - Industrial Dispute Act, 1947 - s. IIA.
                                                                      H
                              933
934            SUPREME COURT REPORTS                    [2017] ll S.C.R.


A            Enquiry - Departmental enquiry and Criminal proceedings -
      Held: Where the enquiry has been held independently of the criminal
      proceedings, acquittal in criminal Court i.1 of no avail - Even if a
      person stood acquitted by the criminal Court, domestic enquiry can
      still be held - the reason being that the standard of proof required
      in a domestic enquiry and that in criminal case are altogether
 B
      different - In a criminal case, standard of proof required is beyond
      reasonable doubt while in a domestic enquiry, it is the
      preponderance of probabilities.
            Allowing the appeals, the Court
 c      HELD: 1. The Labour Court held that, firstly, the
  departmental enquiry was properly held; secondly, the employer
  instead of holding an enquiry should have stayed it awaiting the
  outcome of the criminal case; thirdly, since the criminal case
  resulted in the acquittal of the respondents, the departmental
  enquiry stood vitiated as violating the principle of natural justice;
D fourthly, since the employer did not lead any evidence in support
  of the charge, the charge remained unproved; and lastly, the
  dismissal orders are bad in law in the light of the four grounds
  and, therefore, the respondents be reinstated in service with
  payment of full back wages by the appellant. [Para 10] [940-C-D]
E       2. The Labour Court, having held and indeed rightly that
    the departmental enquiry conducted by the appellant was legal
    and proper committed an error in holding that the departmental
    enquiry got vitiated due to criminal court's order which had
    acquitted the respondents from the charge of theft. There was
 p no occasion for the Labour Court to examine this issue once the
    departmental enquiry was held legal and proper. The Labour
    Court, committed yet another error in holding that since the
    appellant failed to lead any evidence to prove the charge in Labour
    Court, therefore, the dismissal orders of respondents are liable
    to be set aside. This finding, was again not legally sustainable.
 G. [Para 16] [941-E-F]
            3. Once the Labour Court upheld the departmental enquiry
      as being legal and proper then the only question that survived
      for consideration before the Labour Court was whether the
      punishment of "dismissal" imposed by the appellant to the
H
 MANAGEMENT OF BHARAT HEAVYELECTRICALS LTD. v.                       935
                  M. MANI

respondents was legal and proper or it requires any interference     A
in its quantum. [Para 17] [941-G-H]
      4. The Labour Court should have then confined its enquiry
to examine only one limited question as to whether the
punishment given to the respondents . was, in any way,
disproportionate to the gravity of the charge leveled against them   B·
and this, the Labour Court should have examined by taking
recourse to the provisions of Section 11-A of the Industrial
Dispute Act, 1947 and the law laid down by this Court in the case
of The Workmen of M/s Firestone Tyre & Rubber Co. of India
(Pvt.) Ltd. vs. The Management & Ors. It was, however, not
done thereby rendering the order of Labour Court legally             C
unsustainable. [Para 18] [942-A-B]
     5. Similarly, the Labour Court failed to see that the criminal
proceedings and departmental proceedings are two separate
proceedirtgs in law. One is initiated by the State against the
delinquent employees in criminal Court and other, i.e., D
departmental enquiry which is initiated by the employer under
the Labour/Service Laws/Rules, against the delinquent
employees. [Para 19] [942-C}
      6. The Labour Court should have seen that the dismissal
order of the respondents was not based on the criminal Court's       E
judgment and it could not be so for the reason that it was a case
of acquittal. It was, however, based on domestic enquiry, which
the employer had every right to conduct independently of the
criminal case. [Para 20] [942-D-E]
      7. This Court has consistently held that in a case where the F
enquiry has been held independently of the criminal proceedings,
acquittal in criminal Court is of no avail. It is held that even if a
person stood acquitted by the criminal Court, domestic enquiry
can still be held - the reason being that the standard of proof
required in a domestic enquiry and that in criminal case are 0
altogether different. In a criminal case, standard of proof required
is beyond reasonable doubt while in a domestic enquiry, it is the
preponderance of probabilities. [Para 21] [942-E-F]
     8. In the light of this settled legal position, the Labour
Court was not right in holding that the departmental enquiry H
936           SUPREME COURT REPORTS                   [2017] ll S.C.R.


A should have been stayed by the appellant awaiting the decision
  of the criminal Court and that it· is rendered illegal consequent
  upon passing of the acquittal order by the criminal Court. This
  finding of the Labour Court is, therefore, also not legally·
  sustainable. [Para 22] [942-G-H]
B            9. This is a clear case where the departmental enquiry was
      held legal and proper. On going through the record of the case,
      the departmental enquiry was properly held and was, therefore,
      legal and proper. So far as the quantum of punishment imposed
      on the respondents is concerned, having regard to the nature of
c     charge which stood proved in the enquiry, the order of dismissal
      from service was the appropriate punishment. It was
      commensurate with the charge. [Para 28] [943-G-H; 944-A]

            10. An act of theft committed by an employee while on
      duty is a serious charge. This charge once proved in enquiry, the
D     employer is justified in dismissing the employee from service.
      [Para 29] [944-B]

         11. In the case on hand, the appellant (employer) had
   conducted the departmental enquiry in accordance with law
   independently of the criminal case wherein the Enquiry Officer,
E on the basis of the appreciation of evidence brought on record in
   the enquiry proceedings, came to a conclusion that a charge of
  .theft against the delinc1uent employees was proved. This finding
   was based on preponderance of probabilities and could be
   recorded by the Enquiry Officer notwithstanding the order of
F  criminal  Court acquitting the respondents. [Para 32] [944-F]

            The Workmen of Mis Firestone Tyre & Rubber Co. of
          · India (Pvt.) Ltd. v. The Management & Ors. (1973) 1
            SCC 813 : [1973] 3 SCR 587 ; Divisional Controller;
            Karnataka State Road Transport Corporation v. M.G
G         · Vittal Rao (2012) 1 SCC 442 : [2011] 14 SCR 1089 ;
            Shankar Chakravarti v. Britannia Biscuits Co. Ltd. &
            Anr. AIR 1979 SC 1652 : [1979] 3 SCR 1165 - referred
            to.


H
 MANAGEMENT OF BHARAT HEAVYELECTRICALS LTD. v.                                937
       M. MANI [ABHAY MANOHAR SAPRE, J.]

                          Case Law Reference                                  A
      [1973) 3 SCR 587               referred to            Para 18
      [2011] 14 SCR 1089             referred to            Para 21
     · [1979] 3 SCR 1165             referred to           ·Para 25
                                                                              B
     CIVIL APPELLATE JURISDICTION : Civil Appeal No. I 0766
of2013.
      From the Judgment and Order dated 16.04.2007 of the High Court
of Judicature at Madras in Writ Appeal No. 3790 of 2003
                                                                              c
                                   WITH
      Civil Appeal No.10767 of2013.
      P. S. Patwalia, Sr. Adv, B. K. Satija, Dhruv Sheoran, Ms. Natasha
Vina yak, Ad vs. for the Appellant.
                                                                              D
     M. A. Chinnasamy, Ms. C. Rubavathi, P. Raj Ram, V. Senthil
Kumar, M. K. Parvez (for Dr. Kailash Chand), Ad vs for the Respondent.
      The Judgment of the Court was delivered by
       ABHAY MANOHAR SAPRE, J. 1. These appeals are filed
against the common final judgment and order dated 16.04.2007 passed           E
by the High Court of Judicature at Madras in Writ Appeal Nos:3789 of
2003 and 3790 of 2003 whereby the High Court allowed the appeals
filed by the respondents and directed the appellant to reinstate the
respondents with continuity of service and other attendant benefits but
without payment of back wages.                                                F
        2. In order to appreciate the issues involved in these two appeals,
it is necessary to set out the facts in detail.
       3. The appellant in both the appeals is a Public Sector undertaking
known as-Bharat Heavy Electricals Ltd.(BHEL). It has a plant at Ranipet
in District Vellore, Tamil Nadu. M. Mani-Respondent in Civil Appeal           G
No.10766/2013 and T.A. Mathivanan(since dead) and represented by
his legal representatives-respondent in connected Civil Appeal No.10767I
2013 were the employees ofBHEL at all relevant time and were working
as Driver Grade II in the plant.
                                                                              H
938            SUPREME COURT REPORTS                         [2017] II S.C.R.



A             4. On 17 .02.1991, both the respondents were on duty in the night
      shift in the Plant. They were supposed to remain present all the time in
      the Transport Department of the Plant so that on receiving the call they
      would attend the place of call with their respective vehicles.
             5. It was, however, noticed by the officials .concerned on duty
B     that both the respondents were not found present on their respective
      seats and instead were found driving one forklift FLY in another shop
      floor. It was also noticed that they both had unauthorizedly removed
      one heavy machine called-"Face Milling Cutter of 500 diameter" from
      one shop floor and kept it on forklift and loaded in company's ambulance,
      which was being driven by T.A. Mathivanan. Both of them then managed
C     to take the said machine in ambulance outside factory premises through
      South gate.
             6. The officials, who witnessed the incident, reported the incident
      to the appellant (Management). The appellant took up the matter with
      seriousness and issued charge-sheet to both the respondents. They were
D     asked to submit their explanation. Both denied the charges. The appellant,
      therefore, appointed Enquiry Officer for holding regular departmental
      enquiry. Both the respondents participated in the enquiry proceedings.
      The Enquiry Officer recorded the evidence of the witnesses and submitted
      his report. The Enquiry Officer, on evaluation of the evidence, held the
 E    charges as proved against both the respondents. He held that both the
      respondents were involved in committing theft of "Face Milling cutter"
      and were caught in the factory premises while on duty. The appellant
      accepted the report and dismissed the respondents from service on
      31.08.1991. Against their dismissal order, the respondents filed
      departmental appeals. The appeals were dismissed.
 F
             7. This event gave rise to filing of two cases. One was by the
      State in the Court of Magistrate seeking prosecution of the respondents
      under Section 379 of the Indian Penal Code, 1860 (in short "IPC") and
      the other was by the respondents against the appellant (employer) in
      Labour Court challenging legality of their dismissal orders (ID Nos. 801
 G    and 839 of 1993). So far as the criminal case was concerned, the
      Magistrate, by his order dated 24.11.1992, acquitted the respondents
      from the charge.
            8. As regards the cases before the Labour Court out of which
      these two appeals arise, the Labour Court framed three issues, first,
H     whether the enquiry conducted by the Enquiry Officer was legal and
 MANAGEMENT OF BHARAT HEAVYELECTRICALS LTD. v.                             939
       M. MANI [ABHAY MANOHAR SAPRE, J.]

proper; second, whether the findings of the Enquiry Officer holding the    A
charge as proved against the respondents are correct; and third, whether
these two employees are entitled to claim the relief of reinstatement
with back wages?
      9. By Award dated 06.08.2001 (Annexure-P-9), the Labour Court
answered the reference in favour "of the employees by recording the        B
following findings:
       "Hence it can not be said that there has been denial of
       reasonable opportunity during the enquiry."
and then in Para 7, it was held that,
                                                                           c
       "it can not be considered that the departmental enquiry
       has not been held properly."
and then in Para 8 it was held that,
       "till the disposal of the criminal case, the Management
       ought to have stayed the departmental enquiry and they D
       should have passed the order only after the conclusion of
       the criminal proceedings."
and, in the same Para 8, it was held that,
       "Therefore, the object of this prov1s10n is that till
       proceedings of criminal court, the departmental enquiry             E
       should not be initiated. Therefore, the respondent ought
       not to have appointed enquiry officer to conduct the enquiry
       in respect of same charge which has been pending before
       the Criminal Court. Such an enquiry held is contrary to
       principles of natural justice. On this ground, I hold that          F
       departmental enquiry is held not in accordance with
       principle of natural justice"
and in last line of Para 8, it was held that,
       "it is for this reason the removal of the employee from
       service is not justified."                                          G

The Labour Court then lastly in para 9 held that,
       "Having held that the departmental enquiry has not been
       conducted according to principle of natural justice, it has
       to be decided whether the finding of the Enquiry Officer H
940           SUPREME COURT REPORTS                          [2017) I l S.C.R.


A          that the charge against the petitioner is correct. When the
           criminal case has been pending the fin\ling of the Enquiry
           Officer that the petitioner is guilty of the charge is not
           correct. Further the petitioner has been acquired by the
           criminal court. Hence when in the criminal proceedings,
           the petitioner has been found not guilty, I hold that the
B
           findings of the Enquiry Officer that the charge against the
           petitioner had been proved, is not correct."
          I 0. To sum up, the Labour Court held that, firstly, the departmental
  enquiry was properly held; secondly, the employer instead of holding an
  enquiry should have stayed it awaiting the outcome of the criminal case;
C thirdly, since the criminal case resulted in the acquittal of the respondents,
  the depa1tmental enquiry stood vitiated as violating the principle of natural
  justice; fourthly, since the employer did not lead any evidence in support
  of the charge, the charge remained unproved; and lastly, the dismissal
  orders are bad in law in the light of the four grounds and, therefore, the
D respondents be reinstated in service with payment of full back wages by
  the appellant.
         11. The appellant, felt aggrieved, filed writ petitions in the High
  Court. The Single Judge, by order dated 31.07 .2003(Annexure-P-1 I),
  allowed the writ petitions, set aside the award of the Labour Court and
  remanded the case to the Labour Court for deciding both the matters
E
  afresh. The Single Judge held that when the Labour Court held the
  departmental enquiry to be legal and proper then the only question that
  remained for the Labour Court to decide was as to whether the
  punishment imposed on two employees, i.e., "dismissal" was just, legal
  and proper or it required any interference in its quantum and, if so, to
F what extent. Having observed this, the writ Court remanded the cases
  to Labour Court to decide the cases afresh on merits. This is what the
  learned Single Judge in concluding para held,
         "10. Keeping in view of all these aspects, I think interest
         of justice would be served by quashing the awards in both
G        the cases and directing both the matters are to be
         considered afresh by the Labour Court. It goes without
         saying that both the matters should be taken up for hearing
         together and shall be disposed of. Since the matter is pretty
         old, the Industrial Disputes are to be decided as
         expeditiously as possible, preferably within a period of six
H        months from the date of receipt of a copy of this order."
  MANAGEMENT OF BHARAT HEAVYELECTRICALS LTD. v.                                 941
        M. MANI [ABHAY MANOHAR SAPRE, J.]

       12. Felt aggrieved, the respondents filed intra court appeals in the A
 High Court before the Division Bench. By impugned judgment, the
 Division Bench allowed the appeals, set aside the order of writ Court
 and directed reinstatement of the respondents by restoring the order of
 the Labour Court to this extent but declined to award to them any back
 wages except continuity .of service and other attendant benefits to the B
 respondents.

        13. Felt aggrieved by the judg1rient of the Division Bench, the
 appellant(employer) has filed these appeals by way of special leave before
 this Court.

        14. Heard Mr. P.S. Patwalia, learned senior counsel for the appellant   c
 and Mr. M.A. Chinnasamy and Mr. M.K. Perwez, learned counsel for
 the respondents.

        15. Having heard learned counsel for the parties and on perusal
 of the record of the case, we are constrained to allow the appeals, set        D
 aside the impugned judgment and uphold the dismissal order of the
 respondents as legal and proper.

         16. To begin with, when we examine the legality and the
  correctness of the Awards of the Labour Court, we are of the considered
  opinion that the Labour.Court, having held and indeed rightly that the        E
  departmental enquiry conducted by the appellant was legal and proper
  committed an error in holding that the departmental enquiry got vitiated
  due to criminal court's order which had acquitted the respondents from
  the charge of theft. In our opinion, there was no occasion for the Labour
  Court to examine this issue once the departmental enquiry was held
  legal and proper. The Labour Court, in our opinion, committed yet another     F
  error in holding that since the appellant failed to lead any evidence to
· prove the charge in Labour Court, therefore, the dismissal orders of
  respondents are liable to be set aside. This finding, in our opinion, was
  again not legally sustainable.·
                                                                                G
       17. In our opinion, once the Labour Court upheld the departmental
 enquiry as being legal and proper then the only question that survived for
 consideration before the Labour Court was whether the punishment of
 "dismissal" imposed by the appellant to the respondents was legal and
 proper or it requires any interference in its quantum.
                                                                                H
942              SUPREME COURT REPORTS                         [2017] 11 S.C.R.


A        18. In other words, the Labour Court should have then confined
  its enquiry to examine only one limited question as to whether the
  punishment given to the respondents was, in any way, disproportionate
  to the gravity of the charge leveled against them and this, the Labour
  Court should have ~xamined by taking recourse to the provisions of
  Section I 1-A of the Industrial Dispute Act, 1947 (in short "the Act") and
B
  the Jaw laid down by this Court in the case of The Workmen of Mis
  Firestone Tyre & Rubber Co. of India (Pvt.) Ltd. vs. The
  Management & Ors., (1973) I SCC 813. It was, however, not done
  thereby rendering the order of Labour Court legally unsustainable.
              I 9. Similarly, in our considered view, the Labour Court failed to
C      see that the criminal proceedings and departmental proceedings are two
       separate proceedings in Jaw. One is initiated by the State against the
       delinquent employees in criminal Court and other, i.e., departmental
       enquiry which is initiated by the employer under the Labour/Service
       Laws/Rules, against the delinquent employees.
D             20. The Labour Court should have seen that the dismissal order
       of the respondents was not based on the criminal Court's judgment and
       it could not be so for the reason that it was a case of acquittal. It was,
       however, based on domestic enquiry, which the employer had every
       right to conduct independently of the criminal case.
E             21. This Court has consistently held that in a case where the
       enquiry has been held independently of the criminal proceedings, acquittal
       in criminal Court is of no avail. It is held that even if a person stood
       acquitted by the criminal Court, domestic enquiry can still be held - the
       reason being that the standard of proof required in a domestic enquiry
 F     and that in criminal case are altogether different. In a criminal case,
       standard of proof required is beyond reasonable doubt while in a domestic
       enquiry, it is the preponderance of probabilities. (See Divisional
       Controller, Karnataka State Road Transport Corporation vs. M.G.
       Vittal Rao-(2012) 1 SCC 442)

 G             22. In the light of this settled legal position, the Labour Courrwas
        not right in holding that the departmental enquiry should have been stayed
      · by the appellant awaiting the decision of the criminal Court and that it is
        rendered illegal consequent upon passing ofthe acquittal order by the
        criminal Court. This finding of the Labour Court is, therefore, also not
        legally sustainable.
H
 MANAGEMENT OF BHARAT HEAVYELECTRICALS LTD. v.                                943
       M. MANI [ABHAY MANOHAR SAPRE, J.]

        23. Now coming to the order of writ Court (Single Judge) though,      A
in our opinion, the Single Judge rightly held the departmental enquiry as
being legal and proper but committed an error in remanding the case to
'the Labour Court without precisely saying as to what the Labour Court
has to decide after remand and why writ Court cannot decide such
 issues in the writ petition. We find that the Single Judge, in concluded     B
para of the order, remanded the whole case afresh for its decision on
merits.
       24. In our considered view, the Single Judge (Writ Court) having
held the enquiry to be legal and proper instead of remanding the case to
the Labour Court should have himself examined the short question which
had survived for consideration in the writ petition, namely, whether the C
punishment-of dismissal was commensurate with the charges or it required
any interference by the Court under Section 11-A of the Act.
        25. In other words, the remand to the Labour Court in this case
by the Single Judge was not called for. It would have become necessary,
ifthe Single Judge had come to a conclusion that the departmental enquiry     D
is illegal. In such situation, the question would have arisen as to whether
the employer should now be given an opportunity to prove the charge
bifore the Labour Court on merits by adducing evidence provided such
opportunity had been asked for in any form by the employer (See-
Shankar Chakravarti vs. Britannia Biscuits Co. Ltd. & Anr. - AIR              E
1979 SC 1652).
       26. However, this occasion did not arise because, as observed
supra, the enquiry was held legal and proper by the Labour Court and
Single Judge.
       27. Now coming to the legality of the impugned judgment, in our F
considered opinion, there was absolutely no justification on the part of
the Division Bench to have allowed the appeals of the respondents and ·
restored the order of the Labour Court by setting aside the dismissal
order. The Division Bench, in our view, did not take note of correct legal
position, which we have discussed above.                                   G
       28. In our opinion, this is a clear case where the departmental
enquiry was held legal and proper. We also, on going through the record
of the case, hold that the departmental enquiry was properly held and
was, therefore, legal and proper. So far as the quantum of punishment
imposed on the respondents is concerned, having regard to the nature of H
944            SUPREME COURT REPORTS                         (2017) ll S.C.R.



A     charge which stood proved in the enquiry, in our view, the order of
      dismissal from service was the appropriate punishment. It was
      commensurate with the charge.
              29. An act of theft committed by an employee while on duty is a
      serious charge. This charge once proved in enquiry, the employer is
B     justified in dismissing the employee from service.
             30. We are not impressed by the submission urged by the learned
      counsel for the respondents (employees) when he urged that once the
      respondents (employees) were acquitted from the charge of theft by the
      criminal Court, the dismissal orders deserve to be set aside entitling the
 c    employees to seek reinstatement in service. Learned counsel read the
      entire criminal Court's order to show that it was an honorable acquittal
      of the employees from the charge of theft.
         31. The answer to the aforementioned submission lies in the law
  laid down by this Court in the case of Karnataka SRTC (supra). At
D the cost of repetition, we may say that in the case on hand, the dismissal
  orders had not been passed on the basis of employees' conviction by the
  criminal Court which later stood set aside by the superior Court. Had it
  been so, then the situation would have been different because once the
  conviction order is set aside by the superior Court, the dismissal order
  which was solely based on passing of the conviction order also stands
E set aside. Such was not the case here.
            32. In the case on hand, the appellant (employer) had conducted
      the departmental enquiry in accorda!lce with law independently of the
      criminal case wherein the Enquiry Officer, on the basis of the appreciation
      of evidence brought on record in the enquiry proceedings, came to a
 F    conclusion that a charge of theft against the delinquent employees was
      proved. This finding was based on preponderance of probabilities and
      could be recorded by the Enquiry Officer notwithstanding the order of
      criminal Court acquitting the respondents.
             33. In view of the foregoing discussion, the appeals succeed and
 G    are allowed. Impugned judgment is set aside. As a consequence thereof,
      the dismissal orders of the respondents herein are held legal and proper
      and accordingly upheld.


      Ankit Gynn                                                  Appeals allowed.