M/S. RAJAKAMAL TRANSPORT AND ANR.versusTHE EMPLOYEES STATE INSURANCE CORPORATION, HYDERABAD

A             M/S. RAIAKAMAL TRANSPORT AND ANR.
                              v.
         THE EMPLOYEES STATE INSURANCE CORPORATION,
                          HYDERABAD

                                APRIL 17, 1996
B
               [K. RAMASWAMY AND S.P. BHARUCHA, JJ.j

          Employees' State Insurance Act, 1948 :

C          S.2(9)--Canier~Engaging hamalis'-Collecting charges from cus-
    tomers and paying to hamali~Supe1vising of loading and unloading-Hence
    liable to contribute towards the insurance benefit of workmen-Plea of non-
    applicability of the Act on the ground that local Act is applicable-No
    mate1ial placed before High Cowt or Supreme Court-Hence that question
    not gone into.
D
          Royal Talkies, Hyderabad & Ors. v. Employees State Insurance C01pn.,
    (1979] 1 SCR 80; E.S.l. Cmpn. v. South Flour Mills, [1986] 2 SCR 863 and
    Kirloskar Brothers Ltd. v. Employees' State Insurance Co1pn., (1996) 2
    SCALE 1, relied on.

E         CIVIL APPELLATE JURISDICTION: Civil Appeal Nos. 5376-77
    of 1995.

         From the Judgment and Order dated 7.2.85 of the Andhra Pradesh
    High Court in C.M.A. Against Order Nos. 297 and 868 of 1981.
F         C. Sitaramaiah and B. Parthasarthy for the Appellants.

         R. Venugopal Reddy, S.W.A. Qadri and C.V. Subba Rao for the
    Respondents.

          The following Order of the Court was delivered :
G
        These appeals arise from the order of the Division Bench of the
  Andhra Pradesh High Court dated February 7, 1985 made in C.M.A. Nos.
  868 and 297/81. The admitted facts are that the appellants had engaged
  hamalis for loading and unloading of the goods undertaken by them for
H carriage as carriers. The respondent has applied the Employees' State
                                    410
                          RAJAKAMAL TPT. v. E.S.I. CORPN.                       411

      Insurance Act, 1948 (Act No. 34 of 1948) (for short, the 'Act') to the          A
      appellant's establishment and called upon them to pay their contribution
      for the periods mentioned in the notice served on them with interest at 7%
      thereon. The appellants have disputed the liability and made an application
      for determination i:nder Section 76 of the Act. The Insurance Court had
      held that the hamalis are employees within the meaning of Section 2(9) of       B
      the Act. Though the appellants collect the charges from the customers and
      pay the amount to the hamalis at the piece rate for the work they do, they
      have got supervision of loading and unloading by the hamalis. The hamalis
      are not appo_inted or controlled by any other agency. Accordingly appel-
      lants are liable to contribute the amount called upon towards the insurance
      benefit of the workmen under the Act. The appeals came to be dismissed          C
      by the High Court. Thus these appeals by special leave.

            Shri C. Sitaramiah, learned senior counsel appearing for the appel-
 '    lants contended that there is no relationship of master and servant; no
      regular salary is paid by the appellants to the hamalis and there is no fixed   D
      hours of works for the hamalis. Under those circumstances, the hamalis
      cannot be considered to be the employees nor the appellants be treated as
      employer under the Act. We find no force in the contention.

             Section 2(9) of the Act defines "employee" to mean any person
       employed for wages in or in connection with the work of a factory or           E
      establishment to which the Act applies. Clause (ii) envisages that they need
      not necessarily be directly employed by the employer. Those who are
 '·   employed by or through an immediate employer on the premises of the
      factory or establishment or under the supervision of the piincipal employer
      or his agent on work which is ordinaiily part of the work of the factory or     F
      establishment or which is prelimiuary to the work carried on in or incidental
~1    to the purpose of the factor~ or establishment is an employee within the
      meaning of Section 2(9) of the Act. The controversy is no longer res integra.

             This Court in. Royal Talkies, Hyderabad & Ors. v. Employees State G
      Insurance Corpn., [1979] 1 SCR 80, was called upon to consider whether
      workmen engaged in the cycle stand and canteen of a cinema theater were
      employees of the theater within the meaning of Section 2(9) of the Act.
      This Court, on interpretation, hdd that the reach and range of the defini-
      tion is apparently wide and deliberately transcends pure contractual
      relationships. In the field of labour jurisprudence, welfare legislation and H
    412                  SUPREME COURT REPORTS [1996] SUPP. 1 S.C.R.

A   statutory construction which must have due regard to Part IV of the
    Constitution, a teleological approach and social perspective must play upon
    the interpretative process. The primary test in the substantive clause being
    thus wide, the employees of the canteen and the cycle stand may be
    correctly described as employed in connection with the work of the estab-
    lishment. A narrower construction may be possible but a larger ambit is
B
    clearly imported by a purpose-oriented interpretation. The whole object of
    the statue is to make the principal employer primarily liable for the
    insurance of any kind of employees on the premises, whether they are there
    in the work or are merely in connection with the work of the establishment.

c         Accordingly it was held thereon that they were the workmen or
    employees within the meaning of Section 2(9) of the Act. The same ratio
    was followed in E.S.l. C01pn. v. South Flour Mills, [1986] 2 SCR 863 at 864
    where even the casual employees employed by the employer were held to
    be employees within the meaning of Section 2(9) of the Act.

D         The same question was considered in another recent judgment of this
    Court in Kirloskar Brothers Ltd. v. Employees' State Insurance Corpn.,
    (1996) 2 SCALE 1 at 5 wherein this Court held in paragraph 11 that :

            "The test of predominant business activity or too remote connec-
            tion are not relevant. The employee need not necessarily be the
E
            one integrally or predominantly connected with the entire business
            or trading activities. The true test is control by the principal
            employer over the employee. That test will alone be the relevant
            test.11

F         It is seen that the insurance Court after elaborate consideration,
    found as a fact, that the appellants have the control over loading and
    unloading of the goods entrusted to the appellants. The appellants' regular
    business is transportation of the goods entrusted to it as carrier. When the
    goods are brought to the warehouse of the appellants, necessarily the
    appellants have to get the goods loaded or unloaded through the hamalis
G   and they control the activities of loading and unloading. It is true as found
    by the Insurance Conrt that instead of appellants directly paying the
    charges from their pocket, they collect it as a part of the consideration for
    transportation of the goods from the customers and pay the amount to the
    hamalis. The test of payment of salary or wages in the facts of this case is
H   not relevant consideration. What is important is that they work in conncc-
                   RAJAKAMAL TPT. v. E.S.I. CORPN.                       413

tion with the work of the establishment. The loading and unloading of the      A
work is done at their directions and control.

      Shri C. Sitaramiah nei.1 contended that the Andhra Pradesh Muttah,
Jattu and Other Manual Workers (Regulation of Employment & Welfare)
Act, 1967 applied to the scheduled establishment in item 6 of the Schedule
and that, therefore, the Act has no application. Since the State Act has       B
received the assent of the President on December 27, 1976 in relation to
its application to the State of Andhra Pradesh, the Act stands repealed
and, therefore, the appellants arc not liable to make the contribution under
the Act. Though this argument appears to have been raised in the High
Court, the High Court has not rightly gone into that question as no material   C
was placed before the High Court nor any material has been placed before
us in that behalf, hence, it is not necessary for us to go into the question
of the applicability of the local Act.

       The appeals are accordingly dismissed. No costs.

G.N.                                                      Appeals dismissed.
                                                                               D