GOVERNMENT OF NCT OF DELHIversusKRISHNA SAINI & ORS.

                        [2022] 16 S.C.R. 615                            615


               GOVERNMENT OF NCT OF DELHI                               A
                                 v.
                    KRISHNA SAINI & ORS.
                  (Civil Appeal No. 8933 of 2022)
                       DECEMBER 02, 2022                                B
         [M. R. SHAH AND C. T. RAVIKUMAR, JJ.]
       Right to Fair Compensation and Transparency in Land
Acquisition, Rehabilitation and Resettlement Act, 2013: s.24(2) –
Before the High Court, it was specific case on behalf of the
appellants-original respondents that the possession of the subject      C
land was taken on 05.09.2002 – The same was disputed by the
original writ petitioners – However, thereafter, solely on the ground
that the compensation was not tendered and relying upon the decision
in the case of Pune Municipal Corporation, High Court allowed the
writ petition and declared that the land acquisition proceedings        D
under the Act, 1894 lapsed by virtue of s.24(2) – Hence instant
appeal – Held: In view of Indore Development Authority case and as
the judgment in the case of Pune Municipal Corporation was
specifically overruled by this Court, the impugned judgment and
order passed by the High Court is unsustainable – The same is
quashed and set aside.                                                  E
      Indore Development Authority v. Manoharlal and Ors.
      (2020) 8 SCC 129 : [2020] 3 SCR 1 – followed.
      Pune Municipal Corporation and Anr. v. Harakchand
      Misirimal Solanki and Ors. (2014) 3 SCC 183 : [2014]
                                                                        F
      1 SCR 783 – referred to.
                       Case Law Reference
[2014] 1 SCR 783                 referred to             Para 4
[2020] 3 SCR 1                   followed                Para 4
                                                                        G
      CIVIL APPELLATE JURISDICTION: Civil Appeal No. 8933
of 2022.
      From the Judgment and Order dated 22.11.2016 of the High Court
of Delhi at New Delhi in Writ Petition (C) No. 10135 of 2015.
      Ms. Sujeeta Srivastava, Adv. for the Appellants.                  H
                                615
616            SUPREME COURT REPORTS                         [2022] 16 S.C.R.


A          Sanjay Kumar Visen, Sanjeev Prakash Upadhyay, Sandeep Joshi,
      Ms. Ritu Rastogi, Ms. Himani Bhatnagar, Amit Gupta, Aman, Ravi
      Bharuka, Ankit Agarwal, Advs. for the Respondents.
            The Judgment of the Court was delivered by
            M. R. SHAH, J.
B
             1. Feeling aggrieved and dissatisfied with the impugned judgment
      and order passed by the High Court of Delhi at New Delhi in Writ
      Petition(C) No. 10135 of 2015 by which the High Court has declared
      that the acquisition proceedings initiated under the Land Acquisition Act,
      1894 (hereinafter referred to as “Act, 1894”) in respect of the subject
C     land is deemed to have lapsed under Section 24(2) of the Right to Fair
      Compensation and Transparency in Land Acquisition, Rehabilitation and
      Resettlement Act, 2013 (hereinafter referred to as “Act, 2013”), the
      Government of NCT of Delhi has preferred the present appeal.
             2. We have gone through the impugned judgment and order passed
D     by the High Court. Before the High Court, it was the specific case on
      behalf of the appellants - original respondents that the possession of the
      subject land was taken on 05.09.2002. The same was disputed by the
      original writ petitioners. However, thereafter, solely on the ground that
      the compensation has not been tendered and relying upon the decision
E     of this Court in the case of Pune Municipal Corporation and Anr.
      Vs. Harakchand Misirimal Solanki and Ors., (2014) 3 SCC 183,
      the High Court has allowed the said writ petition and has declared that
      the land acquisition proceedings under the Act, 1894 have lapsed by
      virtue of Section 24(2) of the Act, 2013.

F            3. The decision of this Court in the case of Pune Municipal
      Corporation and Anr. (supra), which has been relied upon by the
      High Court while passing the impugned judgment and order has been
      specifically overruled by the Constitution Bench of this Court in the case
      of Indore Development Authority Vs. Manoharlal and Ors., (2020)
      8 SCC 129. In paragraphs 365 and 366, the Constitution Bench of this
G     Court has observed and held as under:-
               “365. Resultantly, the decision rendered in Pune Municipal
            Corpn. [Pune Municipal Corpn. v. Harakchand Misirimal Solanki,
            (2014) 3 SCC 183] is hereby overruled and all other decisions in
            which Pune Municipal Corpn. [Pune Municipal Corpn. v.
H           Harakchand Misirimal Solanki, (2014) 3 SCC 183] has been
GOVERNMENT OF NCT OF DELHI v. KRISHNA SAINI & ORS.                         617
                [M. R. SHAH, J.]

    followed, are also overruled. The decision in Sree Balaji Nagar        A
    Residential Assn. [Sree Balaji Nagar Residential Assn. v. State
    of T.N., (2015) 3 SCC 353] cannot be said to be laying down
    good law, is overruled and other decisions following the same are
    also overruled. In Indore Development Authority v. Shailendra
    [(2018) 3 SCC 412], the aspect with respect to the proviso to
                                                                           B
    Section 24(2) and whether “or” has to be read as “nor” or as
    “and” was not placed for consideration. Therefore, that decision
    too cannot prevail, in the light of the discussion in the present
    judgment.
       366. In view of the aforesaid discussion, we answer the
    questions as under:                                                    C

        366.1. Under the provisions of Section 24(1)(a) in case the
    award is not made as on 1-1-2014, the date of commencement of
    the 2013 Act, there is no lapse of proceedings. Compensation has
    to be determined under the provisions of the 2013 Act.
                                                                           D
       366.2. In case the award has been passed within the window
    period of five years excluding the period covered by an interim
    order of the court, then proceedings shall continue as provided
    under Section 24(1)(b) of the 2013 Act under the 1894 Act as if it
    has not been repealed.
                                                                           E
        366.3. The word “or” used in Section 24(2) between possession
    and compensation has to be read as “nor” or as “and”. The deemed
    lapse of land acquisition proceedings under Section 24(2) of the
    2013 Act takes place where due to inaction of authorities for five
    years or more prior to commencement of the said Act, the
    possession of land has not been taken nor compensation has been        F
    paid. In other words, in case possession has been taken,
    compensation has not been paid then there is no lapse. Similarly,
    if compensation has been paid, possession has not been taken
    then there is no lapse.
       366.4. The expression “paid” in the main part of Section 24(2)      G
    of the 2013 Act does not include a deposit of compensation in
    court. The consequence of non-deposit is provided in the proviso
    to Section 24(2) in case it has not been deposited with respect to
    majority of landholdings then all beneficiaries (landowners) as on
    the date of notification for land acquisition under Section 4 of the
                                                                           H
618      SUPREME COURT REPORTS                          [2022] 16 S.C.R.


A     1894 Act shall be entitled to compensation in accordance with the
      provisions of the 2013 Act. In case the obligation under Section
      31 of the Land Acquisition Act, 1894 has not been fulfilled, interest
      under Section 34 of the said Act can be granted. Non-deposit of
      compensation (in court) does not result in the lapse of land
      acquisition proceedings. In case of non-deposit with respect to
B
      the majority of holdings for five years or more, compensation under
      the 2013 Act has to be paid to the “landowners” as on the date of
      notification for land acquisition under Section 4 of the 1894 Act.
          366.5. In case a person has been tendered the compensation
      as provided under Section 31(1) of the 1894 Act, it is not open to
C     him to claim that acquisition has lapsed under Section 24(2) due
      to non-payment or non-deposit of compensation in court. The
      obligation to pay is complete by tendering the amount under Section
      31(1). The landowners who had refused to accept compensation
      or who sought reference for higher compensation, cannot claim
D     that the acquisition proceedings had lapsed under Section 24(2)
      of the 2013 Act.
          366.6. The proviso to Section 24(2) of the 2013 Act is to be
      treated as part of Section 24(2), not part of Section 24(1)(b).
         366.7. The mode of taking possession under the 1894 Act and
E     as contemplated under Section 24(2) is by drawing of inquest
      report/memorandum. Once award has been passed on taking
      possession under Section 16 of the 1894 Act, the land vests in
      State there is no divesting provided under Section 24(2) of the
      2013 Act, as once possession has been taken there is no lapse
F     under Section 24(2).
          366.8. The provisions of Section 24(2) providing for a deemed
      lapse of proceedings are applicable in case authorities have failed
      due to their inaction to take possession and pay compensation for
      five years or more before the 2013 Act came into force, in a
G     proceeding for land acquisition pending with the authority concerned
      as on 1-1-2014. The period of subsistence of interim orders passed
      by court has to be excluded in the computation of five years.
          366.9. Section 24(2) of the 2013 Act does not give rise to new
      cause of action to question the legality of concluded proceedings
      of land acquisition. Section 24 applies to a proceeding pending on
H
GOVERNMENT OF NCT OF DELHI v. KRISHNA SAINI & ORS.                            619
                [M. R. SHAH, J.]

       the date of enforcement of the 2013 Act i.e. 1-1-2014. It does not     A
       revive stale and time-barred claims and does not reopen concluded
       proceedings nor allow landowners to question the legality of mode
       of taking possession to reopen proceedings or mode of deposit of
       compensation in the treasury instead of court to invalidate
       acquisition.”
                                                                              B
      4. In view of the above and as the judgment of this Court relied
upon by the High Court while passing the impugned judgment and order
in the case of Pune Municipal Corporation and Anr. (supra) has
been specifically overruled by this Court and in view of the decision of
this Court in the case of Indore Development Authority (supra), the
impugnedjudgment and order passed by the High Court is unsustainable.         C
The same deserves to be quashed and set aside and is accordingly
quashed and set aside.
       Consequently, present appeal is accordingly allowed. No costs.
       Pending application(s), if any, also stand(s) disposed of.             D

Devika Gujral                                               Appeal allowed.




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