A. NAGARAJU BROS., VISAKHAPATNAMversusTHE STATE OF ANDHRA PRADESH

A                 A. NAGARAJU BROS., VISAKHAPATNAM
                                   v.
                     THE STATE OF ANDHRA PRADESH

                                  JULY 19, 1994

B             (B.P. JEEVAN REDDY AND B.L. HANSARIA, JJ.]

          Andhra Pradesh General Sales Tax Act, 1957: Section 5( 1). Schedule
    I-Entry 113 (as it stood before amendment in 1985}-'Plastic Sheets and
    Articles'-Suit cases made of plastic and fitted with steel bands, locks and
C   ancillaries of other materials-Held Plastic articles covered by Entry 113.

          The appellant was dealing in 'VIP' suit cases made or plastic and
   fitted with steel bands, locks and ancillaries made or other materials. Prior
   tO 1st July 1985, there was no entry dealing specifically with suit cases i.n
   Scheduled-I or the Andhra Pradesh General Sales Tax Act, 1957. However,
D relying on Entry 113 (As it stood before its amendment in July, 1985) or
   Schedule- I, which read 'Plastic Sheets and Articles' the appellant made a
   claim_ that the said suit cases were plastic articles within the meaning or
 . Entry 113 and therefore taxable only at the first point or sale; since the
   sales effected were second sales its turn-over-relating to assessment year
E 1981-82 he submitted, they were not taxable. The Assessing Authority
   allowed the claim but the Deputy Commissioner revised the assessment
   order holding that the suit cases are not 'plastic articles' and are therefore
   liable to multi-point as general goods under section 5(1) or the Act. The
   Sales Tax Appellate Tribunal dismissed the appellant's appeal and the
   revision application tiled by appellant under section 22 was also dismissed
F by the High Court. The appellant preferred appeal in this Court.

          Allowing the appeal and setting aside the order of the High Court,
    this Court

          HELD : 1. Sult cases are plastic articles. Admittedly the main raw
G   material which goes into manufacture or suit cases is plastic. Even in
    common parlance suit cases are understood to be plastic goods. It Is true
    that certain other materials are also used in manufacturing the said suit
    cases and it may also be that their value is substantial and in some cases
    more than the value or plastic. But, merely because the value or the steel
H   lnclnding the locks and other materials used in the suit cases is more than
                                         784
            AN. BROS. v. STATE OF AP. [JEEVAN REDDY,J.]                     785

the value of plastic, they cannot be called articles made of steel or of such      A
other materials. (787-G-H; 788-E-F]

       2. There is no one single universal test in these matters. It is for this
reason probably that the common parlance test or commercial usage test,
as it is called, is treated as the more appropriate test, though not the only
one. There may be cases, particularly in the case of new products, where           B
this test may not be appropriate. In such cases, other tes!s like the test of
predominance, either by weight or value or on some other basis may have
to be applied. It is indeed not possible, nor desirable to lay down any hard
and fast rules of universal application. But so far as the goods concerned
herein are concerned, these are undoubtedly plastic goods. Applying the            C
common parlance test and the test of usage in trade circles, these goods
must be called 'plastic articles'. [788·C·D-E; A]

     CIVIL APPELLATE JURISDICTION                    Civil Appeal No. 2020
(NT) of 1989.
                                                                                   D
     From the Judgment and Order dated 2.3.88 of the Andhra Pradesh
High Court in T.R.C. No. 317 of 1987.

      A. Subbha Rao for the appellant.

      C. Sitaramiah and T.V.S.N. Chari for the Respondent.
                                                                                   E

      The Judgment of the Court was delivered by

       B.P. JEEVAN REEDY, J. The question in this appeal is whether
'V.l.P.' suit cases are plastic articles within the meaning of Entry 113 of        F
Schedule-I to the Andhra Pradesh General Sales Tax Act. The question
arises with reference to the assessment year 1981-82. With effect from July
1, 1985 a new entry, viz., Entry 163 was intrbduced in Schedule-I expressly
taking in all kind of suit cases and simultaneously amending Entry 113.
Prior to July 1, 1985, there was no entry dealing specifically with suit cases.
Entry 113 read as follows : "Plastic sheets and articles" and the rate of tax      G
was 6%. In the year 1983, the rate of tax was increased to 9%. The
amended Entry 113 (w.e.f. July 1, 1985) reads as follows: "plastic sheets
and articles excluding those allied goods falling under any other item"
whereas Entry 163 reads : "all kinds of suit cases, brief cases and vanity
bags."                                                                             H
    786                    SUPREME COURT REPORTS (1994] SUPP. 1 S.C.R.

A          The appellant is a dealer inter alia in 'V.I.P.' suit cases. Suit cases
    are made of leather , cloth, reicine and other material. We are concerned
    herein with suit cases made of plastic by the method known as 'injection-
    moulding' and fitted with steel bands locks and ancillaries made of other
  · materials. The appellant submitted that the said suit cases are plastic
    articles within the meaning of Entry 113 of Schedule-1 to the Act and,
B therefore, taxable only at the first point of sale. Inasmuch as the sales
    effected by him were second sales, he submitted, the turn-over relating to
    said suit cases was not taxable in his hands. Though the assessing authority
    agreed with ·him, the Deputy Commissioner revised the assessment order,
    holding that the said suit cases are not 'plastic articles' and must, therefore,
C be taxed as general goods under Section 5(1) of the Act - which means
    multi-point tax. The Sales Tax Appellate Tribunal dismissed the dealer's
    appeal following its own earlier decision in T.A. No. 566 of 1984 disposed
    of on March 12, 1987. The Tax Revision filed by the appellant-dealer
    under Section 22 of the Act was also dismissed by the High Court.
D
          It is brought to our notice that this very question arose in the case
    of certain other dealers as well and the decisions of the tribunal are not
    uniform. In T.A. No. 1357 of 1988 and 1400 of 1988 M/s. Blow Plast Ltd.,
    Hyderabad v. State of Andhra Pradesh, the Tribunal took the view that
    'V.I.P.' suit cases are plastic articles. Same view was taken in T.A. No. 83
E   of 1989 and batch disposed of on 21st February, 1991 in the case of Safari
    Suit Case.s (Private) Limited. Indeed in the case of this very dealer relating
    to the assessment year 1983-84, the Tribunal held following the decision in
    T.A.: No. 1357 of 1988 that these suit cases are plastic articles. Contrary
    view was expressed in T.A. No. 566 of 1984 and in this very matter. In T.A.
    N~. 1357 of 1988, the Tribunal has set out the following circumstances in
F
    support. of its opinion that the said suit cases are plastic articles:
                                    ~
             "1. That when licencing the industry for production of these suit
             cases, the Government of India described the articles to be
             manufactured as injection moulded plastic goods;
G
             2. For exporting the said injection moulded plastic goods they are
             registered with the Plastics and Linoleum Export Promotion Coun-
             cil and they are described as plastic goods in the Certificate of
             Registration given by the Plastics and Linoleums Export Promotion
H            Council.
           A.N. BROS. v. STATE OF AP. (JEEVAN REDDY, J.]                787

        3. Organisation of Plastics Processors of India has issued Certifi- A
        cate stating that V.l.P. suit cases and brief cases are classified as
        suit cases and brief cases made predominently of plastic and are
        charged 31.5% excise duty as against 26.25% chargeable for suit
        cases, brief cases etc., not being of predominantly of plastic.

        4. Even in regard to the monthly production statements by the          B
        V.I.P. Industries these goods are mentioned as injection moulded
        plastic goods only.

        5. The Plastic and Linoleums Export Promotion Council selected
        the V.l.P. manufacturers as the Top-Exporters for Plastic moulded
        Luggage for 1985-86 and given the award of top exporter of Plastic     C
        Moulded Luggage.

        6. They also filed affidavits of three persons one of Bombay by
        name Manila) Maru, one of Bangalore by name Fazlul Rahiman
        another of Bangalore by name Giridhar stating that this luggage
        are treated as plastic suit cases and brief cases in the trade circles D
        and in common parlance.

        7. Certificate from the Plastic and Linoleums Export Promotion
        Council, that plastic moulded luggage like V.1.P. brief cases, suit
        cases are regarded as articles made of plastic and duty draw back E
        benefits and other allowances are accorded to them treating them
        as articles of plastic.

        8. The particulars of plastic component furnished clearly indicate
        that it is a major component in all brief cases and is more than
        50% in all suit cases except small suit cases where it is about 45%"
                                                                               F
     Having set out the above circumstances, theTribunal applied the test
predominance as well as the test of common parlance or commercial
understanding, as it may be called, and arrived at the conclusion in favour
of the dealer. In our opinion, the circumstances mentioned as items 1, 2,
5, 7 and 8 read with the affidavits referred to in item-6 are strong cir- G
cumstances in favour of the view that these suit cases 'are plastic articles.
It is not disputed that the main raw material which goes _into manufacture
of the said suit cases is plastic. Even in common parlance these suit cases
are understood to be plastic goods. It is true that certain other materials
are also used in manufacturing the said suit cases and it may also be that
their value is substantial - and in some cases more than the value of the H
    788                    SUPREME COURT REPORTS [1994) SUPP. 1 S.C.R.

A   plastics - but having regard to the several circumstances aforementioned
    and applying the common parlance test and the test of usage in trade
    circles, these goods must be called 'plastic articles'.

           In its order TA.No. 566 of 1984, followed in the present case, the
   Tribullal has given more importance to the respective value of the plastic
B and t 1•c other materials (like steel including locks and other fixtures) and
   opined that since the value of other components is more than the value of
  .rlastic< used therein, they cannot be called 'plastic articles'. It gave certain
   illustrations to emphasise that value is the determining factor. The Tribunal
   pointed out that in the case of a diamond ring, the major component may
C be gold or silver and the diamond may represent a small portion of it, yet
   nobody would call it gold or silver ring; it would be called a diamond ring,
   it is undoubtedly so. But this only shows that there is no one single
   universal test in these matters. The several decided cases drive home this
   truth quite eloquently. It is for this reason probably that the common
   parlance test or commercial usage test, as it is called, is treated as the more
D appropriate test, though not the only one. There may be cases, particularly
   in the case of new products, where this test may not be appropriate. In
   such cases, other tests like the test of predominance, either by weight of
   value or on some other basis may have to be applied. It is indeed not
   possible, nor desirable, to lay down any hard and fast rules of universal
   application. But so far as the goods concerned herein are concerned, these
E are undoubtedly plastic goods. Indeed, we put a straight question to Sri C.
   Sitaramiah, how would he characterise these goods? The answer could not
   be anything else than that they are plastic goods. Merely because in value
    of the steel including the locks and other materials used in the suit cases
   is more than the value of plastic.,, they cannot be called articles made of
F steei or of such other materials. flf course, on and after July 1, 1985 this
   issue will not arise, since Entry 163 specifically speaks of suit cases of all
    kinds. These suit cases too would fall under that entry. The present
    , cntr<>versy arose because there was no specific entry relating to or cover-
     ing the suit cases.

G          Sri C. Sitaramiah, the learned counsel for Revenue submitted that,
     in this case, the dealer did not produce any material in support of his




H
     submission and that it would not be permissible to rely upon the material
     produced in another case by another dealer to give relief to the appellant·
     dealer. Counsel stressed the fact that in tax law, each assessment year is. a
     separate unit and hence, the fact that this very appellant got a decision in
                                                                                      -
               - AN. BROS. v. STATE OF AP. [JEEVAN REDDY, J.]                  789

    his favour in a subsequent assessment year is no ground for giving relief in      A
    this assessment year. The issue relating to this assessment year must be
    decided on the material adduced in these proceedings alone, submitted the
    counsel. There can be no quarrel with the aforesaid propositions. This is
    not a case where a concluded assessment is being re-opened. The correct-
    ness of assessment is still under consideration in this appeal. Since this very
    assessee's appeal for a subsequent assessment year was allowed following
                                                                                      B
    the decision of the Tribunal in T.A. No. 1357 of 1988 and also because the
    goods arc identical, we have referred to the material referred to in the
    judgment in T.A. No. 1357 of 1988. The said orders have been filed as
    material in this appeal with the permission of the Court. In the circumstan-
    ces, it cannot be said that material in another case is being relied upon in      C
    this case to determine the question at issue.



-         For the above reasons, the appeal is allowed. The orders of the High
    Court, the Tribunal and the Deputy Commissioner are set aside and the
    order of the Assessing Authority granting exemption with respect to the
    turn-over relating to the said suit cases is affirmed. There shall be no order    D
    as to costs.

    T.N.A.                                                       Appeal allowed.