VIDHYA DEVI AND ANR.versusSTATE OF HARYANA

A                           VIDHYA DEVI AND ANR.
                                                                                   ~
                                         V.

                              STATE OF HARYANA

                               JANUARY 20, 2004

B                 [DORA!SWAMY RAJU AND S.B. SINHA, JJ.]


           Penal Code, 1860-Section 304-8-Dowry death-Within 7 years of
     marriage-Deceased subjected to cruelty and harassment for demand ofdowry

c    soon before her death-Conviction by Courts below-On appeal, held:
     Conviction justified as all the requirements of the provision have been
     substantiated-The expression 'soon before' is a relative term for which no
     hard and fast rules of any universal application can be laid down by fixing
     any time limit-Evidence Act, 1872-Section 113-8.

o·        Words and Phrases:

          'Dowry '-Definition and meaning of in the context of Penal Code, 1860
     and Criminal law (Second amendment) Act, 1983.

          The appellants alongwith other accused were prosecuted under
E Sections 498-A, 304-B and 302 r/w Section 34 IPC for having tortured the
     victim for not complying with demand of dowry and for having caused
     her death by setting her ablaze after 6 years of her marriage with accused
     No.5. According to prosecution, after the marriage accused persons used
     to torture hc!r and make demand for dowry. Four months prior to the date
F    of incident accused had made demand of dowry and for not complying
     with the demand, she was beaten and locked in a room for 4 days from
     where she escaped and lodged complaint with the police, wherein accused       ...   ~-


     Nos.4 and 5, her father-in-law and husband apologized and she came back
     to her matrimonial home. Four months thereafter accused 1, 2 and 3 in
     the absence of accused 4 and 5 set her ablaze. She was taken to hospital,
G    in injured condition by her sister and mother on being informed by one
     of the neighbours about the incident. In the course of investigation police
     officer recorded her statement to the effect that she was being tortured
     by the accused for want of sufficient dowry and was set ablaze by three       K
     of the accused. Thereafter she succumbed to the injuries.
H                                       846
                                VIDHY A DEVI v. ST ATE OF HARY ANA                  847

    .......        Trial Court convicted the appellants-the two accused u/s 304-B IPC A
              while acquitted them of other charges and the other 3 accused were
              acquitted of all the charges. Judgment of the trial court was affirmed by
              High Court.

                   In appeal to this Court, appellants contended that the requirements
              of Section 304-B have not been properly substantiated to warrant B
              conviction of the appellants under the provision.

                   Dismissing the appeal, the Court
     J.,

                     HELD: 1. In order to attract Section 304-B IPC, the Court must be
              satisfied that (i) the death of a woman must have been caused by burns
                                                                                          c
              or bodily injury or otherwise than under normal circumstances; (ii) such
              death must have occurred within seven years of her marriage; (iii) soon
              before her death, the woman must have been subjected to cruelty or
               harassment by her husband or by relatives of her husband; (iv) such
              cruelty or harassment must be for or in connection with demand for D
              dowry; and (v) such cruelty or harassment is shown to ha\'e been meted
              out to the woman soon before her death meaning thereby the proximity
              in point of time and not too remote or state in point of time and relevance.
              The legislature has also taken care to enact a statutory presumption as to
              dowry death by inserting Section 113-B to the Indian Evidence Act, 1872
              to the extent that when the question is whether a person has committed
                                                                                           E
              the dowry death of a woman and it is shown that soon before her death
              such woman has been subjected by such person to cruelty or harassment
              for, or in connection with, any demand for dowry, the Court shall presume
              that such person had caused the dowry death. The materials on record in
              this case amply prove that soon before her unnatural death, which took F
~   ~
              place within seven years of her marriage, she was subjected to cruelty and
              harassment both for and in connection with a demand for dowry and that
              the facts brought on record further prove the existence of a proximate
              and live link between the effect of cruelty related to dowry demand and
              the concerned death. The expression 'soon before' is a relative term which
              requires to be construed in the context a specific circumstances of each G
              case and no hard and fast rules of any universal application can be laid
    .,        down by fixing any time limit. 1852-A-EI

                  2. In the teeth of the extended definition and meaning of the term
              'Dowry' as brought about by the Criminal Law (Second Amendment) Act, H
    848                     SUPREME COURT REPORTS                   [2004) I S.C.R.

A 1983 the earlier meaning confining and limiting the same to the time at
    or before the marriage got enlarged and extended even to the period after
    the marriage and that there be no need to also show any agreement for
    the payment of such dowry to make it punishable as an offence. 1852-HI

          Pawan Kumar and Ors. v. State of Haryana, 119981 3 SCC 309, relied
B on.

         CRIMINAL APPELLATE JURISDICTION : Criminal Appeal No.
    846 of 1997.

C        From the Judgment and Order dated 26.11.1996 of the Punjab and
    Haryana High Court in Crl. A. No. 180-SB of 1995.

          Anil Kumar Jha and Binoy Kumar Das for the Appellants.

          Vinay Kumar Garg for the Respondent.
D
          The Judgment of the Court was delivered by

         D. RAJU, J. The above appeal has been filed against the decision
  dated 26.1l.l996 of a learned Single Judge of the Punjab and Haryana High
  Court in Criminal Appeal No.180-SB of 1995, whereunder the conviction of
E the appellants under Section 304-B, IPC, and the sentence of seven years R.I.
  each, in addition to the payment of fine of Rs. 1,000 each, came to be
  affirmed. The case of the prosecution was that the marriage of the deceased
  Satyawati took place with A-5, Kuldeep, about six years prior to the date of
  occurrence; that they started living at Rohtak, i.e., at the house of her husband,
F who himself was living in joint family with his father A-4, Puran Mal, and
  others; that all the accused started harassing and torturing the deceased for
  want of more dowry and the manner of torture included even physical beating.
  About I Y, years after the marriage, the deceased gave birth to a male child
  and though her parental side brought certain gifts, the accused were not
  satisfied both with reference to their quality and quantity and on that also
G they tortured the deceased Satyawati. On 27.7.1993, about four months before
  the death of Satyawati, a demand was made for a sum of Rs. 20,000 as
  further dowry and for not complying with the demand, the deceased was not
  only tortured by physical beating but was said to have been locked in a room
  for four days from where she managed to escape and reached the house of
H her sister Krishna, in the same place. Thereupon, the sisters called their
                      YIDHYA DEVI v. STATE OF HARY ANA (D. RAJU, J.)                 849
    .A   mother Misri Devi and a written complaint in Ex.PO was said to have been A
         lodged with the Police through the Deputy Commissioner and on the said
         complaint, the husband and father-in-law of the deceased were arrested and
         taken to the Police Station. Both of them were said to have apologized to the
         complainant party and then a compromise was said to have been effected and
         reduced into writing as Ex.PO/I, which was also attested by the Police Officer
         in Ex.P0/2 and thereafter the deceased was brought back to the house of her-
                                                                                        B
         in-laws. About four months thereafter on 16.11.1993 at about 10.30 A.M.
         when the husband Kuldeep and father-in-law Puran Mal were away, the A-
         1, her mother-in-law by name Vidhya Devi, caught hold of the deceased by
         her hands on her back and Mina Devi, the daughter of Vidhya Devi, sprinkled
         Kerosene on the deceased and then A-2, the son of A-1 and A-4 by name             c
         Harish Kumar, set her ablaze. After she caught fire, her hands were said to
         have been freed on which she was said to have jumped into a water tank and
         raised alarm which attracted a front door neighbour by name Kalawati, who
         was said to be the eye witness for the occurrence including the catching hold
         of hands by Vidhya Devi, sprinkling of kerosene by Mina Devi and setting D
         her ablaze by Harish. Thereupon, those three accused were said to have
         pulled her out from the water tank and put her on a cot stating that no
         treatment will be given and she would, in the normal course, die of the burns.
         At that stage, the neighbour Kalawati was said to have approached the sister
         of Satyawati, by name Krishna, in the Office of Deputy Commissioner, where
         Krishna was said to be working and she brought her mother Misri Devi from E
         Jind and then Misri Devi was said to have taken the injured to the Medical
         College and Hospital, Rohtak.

               The Medical Officer was said to have sent an information to the Police
         Station of the admission ofSatyawati in the Hospital as a burn case and when F
. -..-   the Police Officer went to the Hospital after collecting the necessary
         information, the Medical Officer attending on her appears to have opined that
         she was not fit to make the statement and when in the evening the Police
         Officer again contacted the Doctor with a written request Ex.PC, he obtained
         his opinion and that she was declared to be fit to make the statement. When
         the Police Officer contacted the Magistrate to record a dying declaration of
                                                                                             G
         the injured, the Magistrate seems to have declined stating that the Police

   ,.    Officer must first register the case and at that stage the Police Officer contacted
         the injured Satyawati and recorded Ex.PD, the statement, in the course of
         investigation to the effect that all the five accused had been harassing her for
         want of more dowry and that she was set ablaze by the three accused, noticed H
    850                     SUPREME COURT REPORTS                   [2004] l S.C.R.

A above. The victim ultimately died at 11.30 ·a.m. on 20.11.1993. After               A

    completing the formalities of the investigation such as FIR, recording of
    statement, inspection of the place of occurrence, inquest and conduct of post
    mortem and obtaining Medico Legal Opinion, the five accused, noticed above,
    were charged under Sections 498-A, 304-B, 302 read with Section 34 of !PC.
B   In support of the prosecution case, about 14 witnesses were said to have been
    examined, which included the Investigating Officers, PW-I I who claimed to
    be an eye witness to the occurrence, PW-13 the mother of the victim, the
    Doctors who attended on her and the Doctor who conducted the post mortem
    examination. For the defence, two witnesses were examined, besides
    examination of the accused under Section 313, Cr.P.C., and on consideration
C   of the materials on record, the learned Trial Judge by his Judgment dated
    9.2.1995 in Sessions Case No.15of1994 convicted the appellants for offence
    punishable under Section 304-B, IPC, on the view that there was direct and
    substantial evidence against them though in respect of the other offences
    these accused and the remaining three accused in respect of all offences were
D   found not guilty. The challenge made to the veracity and validity of the dying
    declaration recorded by the Investigating Officer was also repelled by the
    learned Trial Judge.

          Aggrieved, the appellants pursued the matter on appeal and as noticed
    above, the High Court affirmed the conviction and sentence recorded by the
E   learned Trial Judge.

           The learned counsel for the appellants strenuously contended, while
    reiterating the stand taken before the cou11s below, that the neighbour by
    name Kalawati, who claimed to be an eye witness to the occurrence, could
F   not be believed as having been present at that time at the place of occurrence
    and that the other materials on record were not sufficient to bring home the
    guilt of the accused. It was also contended that in the light of the acquittal
    of the other accused, the same norms and standards of appreciation should
    have been extended while considering the case of the appellants as well and
G   they should have been also acquitted. While attacking the dying declaration
    Ex.PD, which was really the statement of deceased recorded by the Police
    Officer on 17 .11.1993 in the presence of the Medical Officer attending on the
    patient, it was contended that having regard to the nature and extent of the
    burns the deceased could not have been in a fit and proper condition to give      J(

    the statement or sign the same and in any event the so-called statement was
H   not shown to have been recorded in the presence of the Doctor. The
            VIDHYA DEVI v. STATE OF HARY ANA [D. RAJU, J.]              851
authenticity of the statement was also challenged on the ground that it was A
a got up statement and not really one made in the normal cours> and no
reliance can be placed on the same. The further plea on behalfof the appellants
was that the requirements of Section 304-B have not been properly
substantiated to warrant conviction of the appellants under the said provisions
of law. Per conLra, the learned counsel for the respondent-State justified the B
judgments of the courts below by adopting the reasoning of the learned
Judges in the courts below.

       We have carefully considered the submissions of the learned counsel
appearing on either side. In our view, the acquittal of the other accused,
except the appellants, on the ground of absence of any direct and substantial C
evidence against them cannot be relied upon as basis for a claim to project
the case for acquittal of the appellants against whom and as to the role played
by them there were ample materials as noticed, analysed and ultimately found
the appellants guilty. The strained relationship between parties and also the
harassment of the deceased for not bringing further dowry and not complying D
with the demands made on the deceased stood sufficiently substantiated on
the basis of the indisputable material in the shape of complaint before the
Police therefor as well as the compromise which came to be signed also by
Puran Mal, Bimla (the in-laws of the deceased) Krishna, Vidhya Devi as well
as by Om ·Prakash, Jagdamba, Raghbir Singh, Pawan Kumar, Bhupinder
Kumar and attested by the Police Officer also. So far as the challenge made E
to the dying declaration recorded, though no doubt by the Police Officer
concerned, the evidence of PW-3, Dr. Krishan Kumar, who not only opined
that the deceased was in a fit state of mind to make the statement but present
when the statement was recorded and that the said statement was signed by
the deceased Satyawati in token of its correctness adds credibility to the same F
and consequently involvement of the accused-appellants and the respective
role played by them in having the deceased killed, remains firmly established
by concrete and suffident material and the findings in this regard concurrently
arrived at by both the courts below are not shown to suffer from any infirmity
whatsoever to call for our interference.
                                                                              G
      So far as the contention raised on the scope and applicability of Section
304-B, IPC, to the case on hand and as to the facts found established are
concerned, it may be seen that Section 304-B, !PC, was mainly introduced
having regard to the increasing menace of dowry deaths by bums and bodily
injury or otherwise than under normal circumstances and the insufficiency of H
    852                     SUPREME COURT REPORTS                    [2004] 1 S.C.R.

A the existing provisions of law to combat them effectively and also with the
    laudable object of curbing the menace of dowry deaths with a firm hand. In
    order to attract Section 304-B, IPC, the Court must be satisfied that (i) the
    death of a woman must have been caused by burns or bodily injury or
    otherwise than under normal circumstances; (ii) such death must have occurred
B   within seven years of her marriage; (iii) soon before her death, the woman
    must have been subjected to cruelty or harassment by her husband or by
    relatives of her husband; (iv) such cruelty or harassment must be for or in
    connection with demand for dowry; and (v) such cruelty or harassment is
    shown to have been meted out to the woman soon before her death meaning
    thereby the proximity in point of time and not too remote or stale in point
C   of time and relevance. The legislature has also taken care to enact a statutory
    presumption as to dowry death by inserting Section. I 13B to The Indian
    Evidence Act, 1872 to the extent that when the question is whether a person
    has committed the dowry death of a woman and it is shown that soon before
    her death such woman has been subjected by such person to cruelty or
D   harassment for, or in connection with, any demand for dowry, the Court shall
    presume that such person had caused the dowry death. The materia Is on
    record in this case amply prove, as noticed supra, that soon before her unnatural
    death, which took place within seven years of her marriage, she was subjected
    to cruelty and harassment both for and in connection with a demand for
    dowry and that the facts brought on record further prove the existence of a
E   proximate and live link between the effect of cruelty related to dowry demand
    and the concerned death. The expression 'soon before' is a relative tenn
    which requires to be construed in the context of specific circumstances of
    each case and no hard and fast rules of any universal application can be laid
    down by fixing any time limit.
F
          What is the periphery of the word 'Dowry' came to be considered by
    this Court in the decision in Pawan Kumar and Ors. v. State of Haiyana,
    [ 1998] 3 sec 309 and in the teeth of the extended definition and meaning
    of the term as brought about by the Crim in al Law (Second Amendment) Act,
G   1983 (Central Act 46 of 1983) w.e.f. 19.11.1986 the earlier meaning confining
    and limiting the same to the time at or before the marriage got enlarged and
    extended even to the period after the marriage and that there be no need to
    also show any agreement for the payment of such dowry to make it punishable
    as an offence. The plea on behalf of the appellants to the contrary does not




                                                                                        -
    merit to be countenanced in our hands.
H
            VIDHYADEV!v.STATEOFHARYANA [D.RAJU,J.]                    853
      For all the reasons stated above, we find no merit in the challenge to A
the conviction of the appellants and the sentence also cannot be said to be so
unreasonable as to call for our interference in this appeal. The appeal fails
and shall stand dismissed.

K.K.T.                                                  Appeal dismissed.
                                                                            B