VAJRESH VENKATRAY ANVEKARversusSTATE OF KARNATAKA

                         [2013] 1 S.C.R. 80

A               VAJRESH VENKATRAY ANVEKAR
                                v.
                     STATE OF KARNATAKA
                 (Criminal Appeal No. 12 of 2013)
                         JANUARY 3, 2013
B
     [AFTAB ALAM AND RANJANA PRAKASH DESAI, JJ.]

       Penal Code, 1860 - ss. 498A & 306 - Married woman
  committed suicide by consuming poison within seven years
C of marriage - Acquittal of accused-husband by trial court -
  Reversal of acquittal by High Court - Justification - Held:
  Justified -Medical evidence and the evidence of PWs
  revealed that the victim was beaten up prior to the death and
  she received eye injury and injury on her cheek - The injuries
o were certainly not self-inflicted - Victim committed suicide
  within seven years from the date of her marriage in her
  matrimonial home - Impact of this circumstance was clearly
  missed by the trial court - Evidence on record established
  that the victim was subjected to mental and physical cruelty
E by the appellant in their matrimonial home which drove her
  to commit suicide - Explanation offered by appellant in his
  statement uls. 313 CrPC confirms that appellant is not
  innocent - Circumstances on record clearly establish that the
  victim received the eye injury in the matrimonial home and
F the appellant was responsible for it - Appellant unable to rebut
  presumption u/s. 113A of the Evidence Act - Evidence Act,
  1872 - s.113A.

          Witness - Interested witnesses - Evidence of - Suicide
    by married woman - Dowry death case - Trial court refused
                         I

G   to rely upon the evidence of the parents, brother and brothers-
    in-law of the victim primarily on the ground that they were
    interested witnesses - Held: The approach of the trial court
    was very unfortunate - When a woman is subjected to ii/-
    treatment within the four walls of her matrimonial house, ill-
H                                 80
    VAJRESH VEN~TRAY ANVEKAR v. STATE ()F                   81
                 KARNATAKA
  treatment is witnessed only by the perpetrators of the crime - A
  They would certainly ·not depose about it - It is common
  knowledge that independent witnesses like servants or
  neighbours do not want to get involved - On facts, a maid
  employed in the matrimonial house of th'e victim who was
  examined by the prosecution turned hostile - It is true that B
  chances of exaggeration by the interested witnesses cannot
  be ruled out and witnesses are prone to exaggeration -
  However, if the exaggeration is of such nature as to make the
  witness wholly unreliable, the court would not rely on him - If
  attendant circumstances and evidence on record clearly c
  support and corroborate the witness, then merely because he
  is interested witness he cannot be disbelieved because of
  some exaggeration, if his evidence is otherwise reliable - In
· this case, no such exaggeration was found qua the accused-
  husband (appellant) - The witnesses stood the test of cross-
                                                                  0
  examination very well - Injuries suffered by the victim prior
  to the suicide could not be ignored - The pathetic story of the
  victim's woes disclosed by her parents, her brother and her
  brothers-in-law deserved to be accepted and was rightly
  accepted by the High Court.
                                                                 E
      FIR - Delay - Suicide committed by married woman by
 consuming poison - FIR lodged by victim's father after six
 hours - Effect - Held: When a man looses his daughter due
 to cyanide poisoning, he is bound to break down - He would
 take time to recover from the shock - Six hours delay cannot    F
 make his case untrue.

      Crime against Women - Phenomena/ rise in crime -
 Observation made by Supreme Court that Judges have to be
 sensitive to women's problems - Protection granted to women     G
 by the Constitution of India and other laws can be meaningful
 only if those who are entrusted with the job of doing justice
 are sensitized towards women's problems.

    The prosecution case was thatthe daughter of PW1
 committed suicide in her matrimonial home by                    H
    82       SUPREME COURT REPORTS           [2013] 1 S.C.R.

A consuming poison because the victim's husband (A2),
  father-in-law (A1) and mother-in-law (A3) tortured her. The
  death took place within seven years of marriage. The said
  three accused were tried for offences punishable under
  Sections 498-A, 304-B and 306 read with Section 34 IPC
B and Sections 3, 4 and 6 of the Dowry Prohibition Act,
  1961. The trial court acquitted all the accused. In appeal,
  High Court confirmed the acquittal of A1 and A3, but
  reversed the acquittal of A2 and convicted him under
  Sections 498-A and 306 IPC. Aggrieved, A2 filed the
c present appeal.
       The appellant inter alia raised the following
  contentions before this Court: 1) that the view taken by
  the trial court while acquitting the accused was a
  reasonably possible view which ought not to have been
D interfered with by the High Court; 2) that the High Court
  erred in relying on the evidence of interested witnesses;
  3) that though, evidence shows that several police
  officers were there at the scene of offence, PW1 did not
  lodge the complaint immediately and lodged the
E complaint at 2215 hours, though he got to know about
  his daughter's death at 2.30 p.m, and the complaint was,
  therefore, doctored; 4) that demand of dowry was not
  proved; 5) that there was no credible evidence on the
  basis of which the appellant could be held guilty of the
F said offences and further 5) that the explanation offered
  by the appellant in his statement recorded under Section
  313 CrPC established his innocence.
         Dismissing the appeal, the Court
G     HELD:1. Two most vital circumstances which must
  be kept in mind while dealing with this case are that 'G',
  the daughter of PW1, had committed suicide in the
  matrimonial home and her death took place within seven
  years of her marriage. Presumption under Section 113A
H of the Indian Evidence Act, 1872 springs into action
  VAJRESH VENKATRAY ANVEKAR v. STATE OF                   83
               KARNATAKA
which says that when the question is whether the               A
commission of suicide by a woman had been abetted by
her husband and it is shown that she had committed
suicide within a period of seven years from the date of
her marriage and that her husban<! or such relative of her
husband had subjected her to cruelty, the court may            B
presume, having regard to all the other circumstances of
the case, that such suicide had been abetted by her
husband or by such relative of her husband. The
question is whether the appellant has been able to rebut
this presumption. [Para 6] [92-G-H; 93-A·B]                    c
     2. Medical evidence is of great importance in this
case. PW7 doctor had done G's post-mortem. She found
number of injuries on 'G'. PW7 opined that cyanide
p9isoning was the cause of death and all the external
wounds were caused prior to post-mortem. According to D
her, the wounds on the right side of head can be
sustained if a person is beaten with hands. According to
her report, they could be caused by hard and blunt object
when the deceased was alive. In the cross-examination,
it was suggested to her that if the dead body falls on E
rough surface, the wounds, which she had seen, could
be caused. She denied the suggestion. Thus, it is clear
that 'G' was beaten up prior to the death. In the facts of
this case, it is difficult and absurd to come to a conclusion
that the injuries were self-inflicted. Pertinently, 'G' died in F
her matrimonial home. It is, therefore, clear that prior to
taking cyanide, 'G' was assaulted in her matrimonial
home. PW6, the then Tahsildar and Taluka Magistrate who
drew the inquest panchnama also referred to blackening
of the skin at the wrist and on the left and right side of G
the cheeks of the dead body. He denied the suggestion
that because of the pressure exerted by PW1, it was so
stated in the inquest panchnama. [Para 7] [93-C-G-H; 94-
A-D]
    3. PW20 stated that on 30/5/2002 (about two weeks          H
   84       SUPREME COURT REPORTS            [2013) 1 S.C.R.


A prior to the incident) 'G' had visited his nursing home for
  treatment with her brother. He found number of injuries
  on her body. 'G' told him that she sustained those injuries
  because her husband had beaten her. PW20 stated that
  those injuries were caused within 24 hours and they
B could be caused due to beating by sticks and pinching.
  PW20 identified his signature on the injury certificate (Ex.
  P66). Strangely, the trial court has given no importance
  to this evidence and has observed that from the evidence
  of this witness one can only conclude that on 30/5/2002
C when 'G' visited him, shj had three injuries on her body
  which were caused 24 hours prior to the treatment and
  it is for the prosecution to prove that the accused had
  caused those injuries. The trial court has not disbelieved
  PW20. 'G' was brought to him by her brother. She told him
  that her husband had caused those injuries. One fails to
0
  understand what more evidence the prosecution could
  have adduced to prove that those injuries were caused
  by the appellant. In the peculiar circumstances of the
  case, only this conclusion can be drawn from PW20's
  evidence. It is pertinent to note that PW3, a friend of 'G',
E has supported the case of PW20 that the deceased had
  visited him in May, 2002. PW3 stated that she met 'G' at
  PW20's nursing home in May, 2002. 'G' appeared to be
  disturbed and she complained of body ache. According
  to PW3, she told her that the appellant and members of
F his family were beating her and that she was fed up. The
  trial court discarded the evidence of this witness on the
  ground that there is a delay in recording her statement.
  So far as delay is concerned, one cannot lose sight of the
  fact that the inve!itigation of this case was entrusted to
G PW24, Deputy Superintendent of Police in COD in Dowry
  Prohibition Cell on 21/06/2002. Thereafter, she appears to
  have recorded certain vital statements. In the peculiar
  facts of this case, delay in recording statements of
  witnesses cannot be taken against the prosecution. So
H far as PW3 is concerned, despite the delay in recording
   VAJRESH VENKATRAY ANVEKAR v. STATE OF                 85
                KARNATAKA
her statement, she is found to be a reliable witness. The     A
High Court rightly relied upon her evidence. [Para 8) [94-
E-G-H; 95-A-F]

      4. The trial court refused to rely upon the evidence
of the parents, brother and brothers-in-law of 'G' primarily
on the ground that they are interested witnesses. This 8
approach is very unfortunate. When a woman is
subjected to ill-treatment within the four walls of her
matrimonial house, ill-treatment is witnessed only by the
perpetrators of the crime. They would certainly not
depose about it. It is common knowledge that C
independent witnesses like servants or neighbours do
not want to get involved. In fact, in this case, a maid
employed in the house of the appellant who was
examined by the prosecution turned hostile. It is true that
~hances of exaggeration by the interested witnesses D
cannot be ruled out. Witnesses are prone to exaggeration.
It is for the trained judicial mind to find out the truth. If the
exaggeration is of such nature as to make the witness
wholly unreliable, the court would obviously not rely on
him. If attendant circumstances and evidence on record E
clearly support and corroborate the witness, then merely
because he is interested witness he cannot be
disbelieved because of some exaggeration, if his
evidence is otherwise reliable. In this case, no such
exaggeration was found qua the appellant. The witnesses F
have stood the test of cross-examination very well. The
injuries suffered by 'G' prior to the suicide cannot be
ignored. The pathetic story of G's woes disclosed by her
parents, her brother and her brothers-in-law deserves to
be accepted and has rightly been accepted by the High G
Court. This Court is not happy with the manner in which
trial court has ignored vital evidence. [Para 9) [95-G-H; 96-
A-E]
    5. PW1 stated how 'G' was harassed mentally and
physically. The trial court has recorded a finding that 'G'    H
   86       SUPREME COL'tff REPORTS           [2013] 1 S.C.R.


A did not receive eye injury prior to marriage. PW1 stated
  that the appellant assaulted 'G' on her face and she
  received eye injury. This evidence inspires confidence.
  The story that the appellant had taken her to Dr. Kumta,
  an eye specialist, appears to have been created to get
8 over PW1 's version. In any event, taking 'G' to a doctor
  after assaulting her does not absolve the appellant of the
  crime. PW11, brother-in-law of 'G' resides in Bombay. He
  stated that when 'G' had come to his house along with
  the appellant she appeared to be frightened. She was not
  able to talk properly. When she came alone she told him
C that she was scared of living in the appellant's house. He
  noticed that her left cheek had become red and the right
  portion of her face had become dark. PW17, another
  brother-in-law of 'G' spoke about the ill-treatment meted
  out to 'G', the eye injury received by her and the assault
D on her left cheek. PW19, brother of 'G' also deposed as
  to how 'G' was ill-treated. Despite all this the trial court
  acquitted the appellant. Surprisingly, six hours delay in
  lodging the F.l.R. is taken against the prosecution.When
  a man looses his daughter due to cyanide poisoning, he
E is bound to break down. He would take time to recover
  from the shock. Six hours delay cannot make his case
  untrue. It is also not proper to expect him to give all
  minute details at that stage. The F.l.R. contains sufficient
  details. It is not expected to be a treatise. The comments
F on alleged delay in lodging the F.l.R. and its contents are
  totally unwarranted. For the same reasons, the
  submission of the appellant that because PW1 did not tell
  the police officers who were present at the scene of
  offence that the appellant was responsible for the suicide
G his FIR lodged after six hours is suspect, is also rejected.
  [Para 10) [96-F-H; 97-A-C-F-H; 98-A]

      6. The explanation offered by the appellant in his
  statement recorded under Section 313 CrPC confirms
H that the appellant is not innocent. After denying the
  VAJRESH VENKATRAY ANVEKAR v. STATE OF                   87
               KARNATAKA
allegations of ill-treatment, cruelty and demand of dowry,      A
the appellant goes on to paint a rosy picture of his
married life. He refers to certain photographs and a
Valentine day's card sent by 'G' to him in 2002. Valentine
day's card sent by 'G' to the appellant does not help him
to probablise his alleged good conduct. In the facts of         B
this case it appears to be an effort made by 'G' to please
the appellant. The photographs were produced in the
court to show that 'G' was taken to religious places and
hill stations. Trial court has rightly not placed reliance on
them. As regard the photographs it has observed that in         c
the photographs 'G' is seen standing alone and,
therefore, on the basis of these photographs it cannot
be said that the appellant had taken her to religious
places or for honeymoon. Perhaps to create an
impression that 'G' was suffering from depression, the          D
appellant comes out with a story that 'G' used to
consume pills everyday and when he enquired about it
she used to give evasive answers. According to him she
used to lead a life of an introvert and she preferred
loneliness. She never watched T.V., she never read any          E
newspapers or books. When he asked her about it she
stated that she had an eye problem. He has further gone
on to say that he blamed G's parents that they had
suppressed her eye trouble from him and got her married
to him. He further goes on to say that for this reason she
was not willing to give birth to a child. This story is         F
palpably false and is a crude attempt to create an
impression that 'G' was mentally unstable. No such
evidence is brought on record. In this connection, it must
 be stated that the trial court has rejected the defence of
the appellant that 'G' had lost her eye sight even before       G
 her marriage and that this fact was concealed from him.
The trial court has observed that 'G' was a graduate. If
 she had really lost eye sight, the appellant and his
 parents would have noticed the defect earlier. Further
 part of the explanation which refers to the appellant's        H
    88       SUPREME COURT REPORTS              [2013) 1 S.C.R.

A   alleged conduct of getting 'G' examined by Dr. Kumta
    and allegedly giving her money for operation will have to
    be understood against the background of above facts.
    This Court is not inclined to believe that the appellant
    took 'G' to an eye specialist and if he did take 'G' to an
B   eye specialist there is no doubt that it was too late in the
    day. The evidence on record clearly indicates that 'G'
    received injury on her cheek and to her eye after marriage.
    She had no eye trouble before marriage. The injury was
    certainly not self-inflicted. Circumstances on record
c   clearly establish that 'G' received the eye injury in the
    matrimonial home and the appellant was responsible for
    it. [Para 11] [98-B-H; 99-A-C]

       7. Though this Court is wary of pa_ssing comments
  against the subordinate courts because such comments
D tend to demoralize them, but, in this case, the insensitivity
  shown by the trial court to a serious crime committed
  against a hapless woman, cannot be ignored. The tenor
  of the judgment passed by the trial court suggests that
  wife beating is a normal facet of married life. It is one thing
E to say that every wear and tear of married life need not
  lead to suicide and it is another thing to put it so crudely
  and suggest that one or two assaults on a woman is an
  accepted social norm. Judges have to be sensitive to
  women's problems. Perhaps the trial court wanted to
F convey that the circumstances on record were not strong
  enough to drive 'G' to commit suicide. But to make light
  of slaps given to 'G' which resulted in loss of her
  eyesight is to show extreme insensitivity. Assault on a
  woman offends her dignity. What effect it will have on a
G woman depends on facts and circumstances of each
  case. There cannot be any generalization on this issue.
  However, this observation must not be understood to
  mean that in all cases of assault suicide must follow. The
  objection is to the tenor of trial court's observations. The
H
  VAJRESH VENKATRAY ANVEKAR v. STATE OF                    89
               KAR NATAKA
trial court's judgment show a mindset which needs to              A
change. There is a phenomenal rise in crime against
women and protection granted to women by the
Constitution of India and other laws can be meaningful
only if those who are entrusted with the job of doing
justice are sensitized towards women's problems. [Paras           B
12, 14] [99-D-E; 101-C-H; 102-A-B]

    8. In the ultimate analysis, it is clear that the appellant
has not been able to rebut presumption under Section
113A of the Evidence Act. 'G' committed suicide within            C
seven years from the date of her marriage in her
matrimonial home. Impact of this circumstance was
clearly missed by the trial court. The evidence on record
establishes that 'G' was subjected to mental and physical
cruelty by the appellant in their matrimonial home which
drove her to commit suicide. The appellant is guilty of           D
abetment of suicide. The High Court rightly reversed the
judgment of the trial court acquitting the appellant. [Para
15] [102-B-D]

    CRl~::i~/.;_ APPELLATE JURISDICTION: Criminal Appeal          E
No. 12 of 201 ~

    From the Judgment & Order dated 09.11.2011 of the High
Court of Karnataka Circuit Bench at Dharwad in Criminal
Appeal No. 1567 of 2007.
                                                                  F
      Kiran Suri, Aparna Matto, S.J. Amit, Nakibur Rahman for
the
  ·. Appellant.
     .· .. ·'
         _    . . ,..
                      .

    V.N. Raghupathy for the Respondent.
                                                                  G
    The Judgment of the Court was delivered by

    (SMT.) RANJANA PRAKASH DESAI, J. 1. Leave
granted.

    2. The appellant (original accused 2 -A2) was tried along     H
    90       SUPREME COURT REPORTS                 [2013] 1 S.C.R.


A   with his father Venkatray Narayan Anvekar (original accused
    1 - A1) and his mother Smt. Vidyabai Venkatray Anvekar
    (original accused 3 - A3) for offences punishable under
    Sections 498-A, 304-B and 306 read with Section 34 of the
    Indian Penal Code (for short 'the IPC') and Sections 3, 4 and
B   6 of the Dowry Prohibition Act, 1961 by the Sessions Judge,
    Fast Track Court-II at Karwar in Sessions Case No.59/02. By
    his judgment dated 30/03/2007 learned Sessions Judge
    acquitted all the accused. The State of Kamataka carried an
    appeal to the High Court of Karnataka, Circuit Bench at
C   Dharwad from the said judgment. The High Court by the
    impugned judgment confirmed the acquittal of A1 and A3. The
    High Court, however, reversed the acquittal of the appellant and
    convicted him for the offences punishable under Sections 498-
    A and 306 of the IPC. For offence punishable under Section
    306 of the IPC, the appellant was sentenced to imprisonment
D   for five years and to pay fine of Rs.1,00,000/- and in default of
    payment of fine, to undergo further imprisonment for one year.
    For offence punishable under Section 498-A the appellant was
    sentenced to imprisonment for three years and to pay fine of
    Rs.10,000/- and in default of payment of fine, to undergo further
E   imprisonment for six months. The substantive sentences were
    ordered to run concurrently. Fine amount was directed to be
    paid to the parents of deceased Girija. The appellant was
    acquitted of the other charges. Being aggrieved by the said
    judgment, the appellant has filed the present appeal.
F
         3. Admittedly, PW1-Suresh father of Girija stays at
    Nandangad Karwar. The appellant's family stays at
    Habbuwada Karwar. Girija was married to the appellant on 17/
    12/2001 at Karwar. The gist of the prosecution case can be
G   gathered from the F.l.R. lodged by PW1-Suresh. It is stated in
    the F.l.R. that one month after the marriage the appellant went
    to Mumbai where he has a jewellery shop along with Girija.
    About two months prior to the date of the F.l.R. Girija had
    developed eye problem. Instead of taking her to a doctor the
H   appellant took her to one Swamiji. When the eye ailment could
  VAJRESH VENKATRAY ANVEKAR v. STATE OF                  91
   KARNATAKA [RANJANA PRAKASH DESAI, J.]
not be cured, she was brought to Karwar for check-up. When A
she came to Karwar she told PW1-Suresh that the appellant,
her sister-in-law and A 1 used to torture her and her sister-in-
law used to assault her. They used to wake her up at 5 a.m.
and pressurize her to work. At the instigation of her sister-in-
law and A 1, the appellant used to assault her. They used to B
ask her to get money from her parents. On 11/06/2002, PW1-
Suresh, his son, Girija and the appellant went to H.ubli and got
Girija's eyes checked from eye specialist Dr. Anant Revankar.
On 12/06/2002, Girija informed them that she was being
tortured. She stated that when she requested the appellant to C
take her for honeymoon, he refused and told her that if she
continues with the demand, she will have to go to her parent's
house. She stated that the appellant tortures her mentally and
when she visits Karwar the torture increases. On 12/06/2002,
 at 4.00 p.m., PW1-Suresh, his son and wife took Girija to the D
 appellant's house at Hubbuwada and informed them that they
would take her back next day evening. On 13/06/2002, at 12
 noon, he called-up Girija and told her that he would visit her
 matrimonial home and speak to A 1 about the harassment and
 torture meted out to her. Girija told him that if he visits her
 house, her in-laws would torture her more and, therefore, he E
 should not come. On 13/06/2002, at 2.30 p.m, the appellant
 phoned and told him that Girija was not speaking anything. He
 went to the appellant's house along with his wife and sons. His
 son Sandeep saw Girija in the bedroom situated on the upper
 floor. She was not able to speak. Sandeep lifted her and F
 brought her downstairs in order to show her to the doctor. The
 moment the doctor checked her, he pronounced her dead.
 PW1-Suresh stated that Girija had committed suicide by
 consuming poison or some tablets because the appellant, A 1
 and A3 tortured her. The complaint was lodged at 2215 hours. G
 PW1-Suresh stated that because he had gone to inform about
 the death of Girija to his relatives there was some delay in
 lodging the complaint.

     4. In support of its case the prosecution examined 24    H
    92       SUPREME COURT REPORTS               [2013] 1 S.C.R.


A witnesses. Prominent amongst them are PW1-Suresh and
  PW18-Anuradha, the parents of the deceased, PW19- Jayant
  the brother of the deceased, PW2-Manjunath and PW12-
  Sripad Anvekar who attended appellant's marriage, PW11-
  Digvijay, PW16-Prasanna Revankar and PW17-Dr. Raj Kumar,
B the sons-in-law of PW1-Suresh and PW3-Shruti, friend of Girija.
  The appellant deniea the prosecution case and submitted a
  written explanation. We shall soon advert to it.

        5. Assailing the impugned judgment of the High Court
C Smt. Suri, learned counsel for the appellant, contended that the
  view taken by the trial court while acquitting the accused was
  a reasonably possible view which ought not to have been
  interfered with by the High Court. Counsel submitted that the
  High Court erred in relying on the evidence of interested
  witnesses. Counsel submitted that though, evidence shows that
D several police officers were there at the scene of offence, PW1
  did not lodge the complaint immediately. He lodged the
  complaint at 2215 hours, though he got to know about Girija's
  death at 2.30. p.m. The complaint is, therefore, doctored.
  Counsel submitted that the High Court has held that demand
E of dowry is not proved. The High Court, therefore, could not
  have proceeded to convict the appellant under Sections 498A
  and 306 of the IPC by reversing the order of acquittal. There
  was no credible evidence on the basis of which the appellant
  could be held guilty of the said offences. Counsel requested
F us to go through the explanation offered by the appellant in his
  statement recorded under Section 313 of the Criminal
  Procedure Code, 1973 (for short 'the Code') which according
  to her establishes his innocence. Learned counsel for the State
  strenuously supported the impugned order.
G
         6. Two most vital circumstances which must be kept in
    mind while dealing with this case are that Girija had committed
    suicide in the matrimonial home and her death took place within
    seven years of her marriage. Presumption under Section 113A
    of the Indian Evidence Act, 1872 springs into action which says
H
   VAJRESH VENKATRAY ANVEKAR v. STATE OF                     93
    KARNATAKA [RANJANA PRAKASH DESAI, J.]
that when the question is whether the commission of suicide        A
by a woman had been abetted by her husband and it is shown
that she had committed suicide within a peripd of seven years
from the date of her marriage and that her husband or such
relative of her husband had subjected her to cruelty, the court
may presume, having regard to all the other circumstances of       B
the case, that such suicide had been abetted by her husband
or by such relative of her husband. The question is whether the
appellant has been able to rebut this presumption.

     7. Medical evidence is of great importance in this case.      C
PW7-Dr. Sailaja had done Girija's post-mortem. She found the
following injuries on Girija:

    "1. On right side of head there was little swelling and
    wound on the forehead.
                                                                   D
     2. On the right eye lower eyelid and on the neck there was
   · weal's of specific area and the eye was bleeded.

    3. There was swelling on the right side of neck.

    4. On the right hand thumb bottom there was blue mark          E
    having an area 3'x2 W.

    5. To the inner side of the arm the blood was clotted having
    an area of 2' x 1'.

    6. To the inner side of the wrist the skin was blackened       F
    having an area 1' x %' .

   . 7. Below the thumb the blood was clotted covering an area
     2' x 1'."
                                                                   G
     Dr. Sailaja opined that cyanide poisoning was the cause
of death. She stated that all the external wounds were caused
prior to post-mortem. According to her, the wounds on the right
side of head can be sustained if a person is beaten with hands.
According to her report, they could be caused by hard and blunt    H
    94        SUPREME COURT REPORTS                   [2013] 1 S.C.R.


A object when the deceased was alive. In the cross-examination,
  it was suggested to her that if the dead body falls on rough
  surface, the wounds, which she had seen, could be caused.
  She denied the suggestion. Thus, it is clear that Girija was
  beaten up prior to the death. In the facts of this case, it is difficult
B and absurd to come to a conclusion that the injuries were self-
  inflicted. Pertinently, Girija died in her matrimonial home. We
  have no hesitation, therefore, in concluding that prior to taking
  cyanide, Girija was assaulted in her matrimonial home. PW6-
  Laxman Kudani, the then Tahsildar and Taluka Magistrate
c Karwar who drew the inquest panchnama also referred to
  blackening of the skin at the wrist and on the left and right side
  of the cheeks of the dead body. He denied the suggestion that
  because of the pressure exerted by PW1-Suresh, it was so
  stated in the inquest panchnama.
D          8. It would be appropriate at this stage to go to the
    evidence of PW20-Dr. Anil Kolvekar. This evidence takes us
    little backwards. Dr. Kolvekar stated that on 30/5/2002 Girija
    had visited his nursing home for treatment with her brother. He
    found following injuries on her body:
E
         "(1) Contusion on right inner thigh aspect and 1/3rd circular
         - 3 cm in diameter;

         (2) Contusion of left inner thigh aspect and 1/3rd circular
         zoom diameter;
F
         (3) Contusion over back right side 6 cm injuries. •

  She told him that she sustained those injuries because her
  husband had beaten her. Dr. Kolvekar stated that those injuries
G were caused within 24 hours and they could be caused due to
  beating by sticks and pinching. Dr. Kolvekar identified his
  signature on the injury certificate (Ex. P66). Strangely, learned
  Sessions Judge has given no importance to this evidence and
  has observed that from the evidence of this witness one can
H only conclude that on 30/5/2002 when Girija visited him, she
  VAJRESH VENKATRAY ANVEKAR v. STATE OF                        95
   KARNATAKA [RANJANA PRAKASH DESAI, J.]
had three injuries on her body which were caused 24 hours prior       A
to the treatment and it is for the prosecution to prove that the
accused had caused those injuries. Learned Sessions Judge
has not disbelieved Dr. Kolvekar. Girija was brought to him by
her brother. She told him that her husband had caused those
injuries. We fail to understand what more evidence the                B
prosecution could have adduced to prove that those injuries
were caused by the appellant. In the peculiar circumstances of
the case, only this conclusion can be drawn from Dr. Kolvekar's
evidence. It is pertinent to note that PW3-Shruti Vernekar, a
friend of Girija, has supported the case of PW20-Dr. Kolvekar         c
that the deceased had visited him in May, 2002. PW3-Shruti
stated that she met Girija at Dr. Kolvekar's nursing home in
May, 2002. Girija appeared to be disturbed and she
complained of body ache. According to PW3-Shruti, she told
her that the appellant and members of his family were beating         D
her and that she was fed up. Learned Sessions Judge
discarded the evidence of this witness on the ground that there
is a delay in recording her statement. So far as delay is
concerned, we cannot lose sight of the fact that the investigation
of this case was entrusted to PW24-A.K. Sidamma, Deputy
Superintendent of Police in COD in Dowry Prohibition Cell on          E
21/06/2002. Thereafter, she appears to have recorded certain
vital statements. In the peculiar facts of this case delay in
recording statements of witnesses cannot be taken against the
prosecution. So far as PW3-Shruti is concerned, despite the
delay in recording her statement we find her to be a reliable         F
witness. The High Court has rightly relied upon her evidence.

     9. Learned Sessions Judge has refused to rely upon the
evidence of the parents, brother and brothers-in-law of Girija
primarily on the ground that they are interested witnesses. We        G
find this approach to be very unfortunate. When a woman is
subjected to ill-treatment within the four walls of her matrimonial
house, ill-treatment is witnessed only by the perpetrators of the
crime. They would certainly not depose about it. It is common
knowledge that independent witnesses like servants or                 H
    96       SUPREME COURT REPORTS                [2013) 1 S.C.R.


A neighbours do not want to get involved. In fact, in this case, a
  maid employed in the house of the appellant who was examined
  by the prosecution turned hostile. It is true that chances of
  exaggeration by the interested witnesses cannot be ruled out.
  Witnesses are prone to exaggeration. It is for the trained judicial
B mind to find out the truth. If the exaggeration is of such nature
  as to make the witness wholly unreliable, the court would
  obviously not rely on him. If attendant circumstances and
  evidence on record clearly support and corroborate the witness,
  then merely because he is interested witness he cannot be
c disbelieved because of some exaggeration, if his evidence is
  otherwise reliable. In this case, we do not find any such
  exaggeration qua the appellant. The witnesses have stood the .
  test of cross-examination very well. There are telltale
  circumstances which speak volumes. Injuries suffered by Girija
  prior to the suicide cannot be ignored. The pathetic story of
0
  Girija's woes disclosed by her parents, her brother and her
  brothers-in-law deserves to be accepted and has rightly been
  accepted by the High Court. A 1 and A3 have been acquitted
  by the Sessions Court. That acquittal has been confirmed by
  the High Court. The State has not appealed against that order.
E We do not want to therefore go into that aspect. But, we must
  record that we are not happy with the manner in which learned
  Sessions Judge has ignored vital evidence.

        10. PW1-Suresh the father of Girija stated how Girija was
F harassed mentally and physically. Learned Sessions Judge has
  recorded a finding that Girija did not receive eye injury prior to
  marriage. PW1-Suresh stated that the appellant assaulted
  Girija on her face and she received eye injury. This evidence
  inspires confidence. The story that the appellant had taken her
G to Dr. Kumta appears to have been created to get over PW1-
  Suresh's version. In any event, taking Girija to a doctor after
  assaulting her does not absolve the appellant of the crime.
  PW11-Digvijay Kudtarkar, brother-in-law of Girija resides in
  Bombay. He stated that when Girija had come to his house
H along with the appellant she appeared to be frightened. She
  VAJRESH VENKATRAY ANVEKAR v. STATE OF                        97
   KARNATAKA [RANJANA PRAKASH DESAI, J.]
was not able to talk properly. When she came alone she told          A
him that she was scared of living in the appellant's house. He
noticed that her left cheek had become red and the right portion
of her face had become dark. PW17-Rajkumar Diwakar,
another brother-in-law of Girija spoke about the ill-treatment
meted out to Girija, the eye injury received by her and the          B
assault on her left cheek. PW19-Jayant, brother of Girija also
deposed as to how Girija was ill-treated. Despite all this learned
Sessions Judge acquitted the appellant. Surprisingly, six hours
delay in lodging the F.l.R. is taken against the prosecution.
Learned Sessions Judge also finds the F.l.R. cryptic. Learned        c
Sessions Judge's observation need to be quoted:

     "......... When the death of the deceased had come to
     the knowledge of P. W 1, it was around 2.30 p.m. and that
     house of the accused in which deceased committed
     suicide was hardly 2 K.Ms. away from the P.S. I feel that       D
     P. W 1, reaching the police station as late at 22. 15 hours.,
     is a delay and this delay is not explained. The possibility
     of P. W 1Suresh discussing with his relatives also to net
     in the in-laws as A-1 and 3 with oblique motive cannot
     be ruled out. Therefore this delay of 5 to 6 hours which        E
     is un-explained is a fatal to the case of prosecution. . ..
          "
     We are amazed at this observation. When a man looses
his daughter due to cyanide poisoning, he is bound to break          F
down. He would take time to recover from the shock. Six hours
delay cannot make his case untrue. It is also not proper to
expect him to give all minute details at that stage. The F.l.R.
contains sufficient details. It is not expected to be a treatise.
We feel that the comments on alleged delay in lodging the F.l.R.     G
and its contents are totally unwarranted. For the same reasons,
we also reject the submission of counsel for the appellant that
because PW1-Suresh did not tell the police officers who were
present at the scene of offence that the appellant was
                                                                     H
    98        SUPREME COURT REPORTS                  [2013] 1 S.C.R.


A   responsible for the suicide his FIR lodged after six hours is
    suspect.

           11. We have carefully gone through the explanation offered
    by the appellant in his statement recorded under Section 313
    of the Code as requested by his counsel. It confirms our view
8
    that the appellant is not innocent. After denying the allegations
    of ill-treatment, cruelty and demand of dowry, the appellant goes
    on to paint a rosy picture of his married life. He refers to certain
    photographs and a Valentine day's card sent by Girija to him
C in 2002. Valentine day's card sent by Girija to the appellant
    does not help him to probablise his alleged good conduct. In
    the facts of this case it appears to us to be an effort made by
    Girija to please the appellant. The photographs were produced
    in the court to show that Girija was taken to religious places
    and hill stations. Trial court has rightly not placed reliance on
D them. As regard the photographs it has observed that in the
    photographs Girija is seen standing alone and, therefore, on
    the basis of these photographs it cannot be said that the
    appellant had taken her to religious places or for honeymoon.
    Perhaps to create an impression that Girija was suffering from
I; -depression, the appellant comes out with a story that Girija used
    to consume pills everyday and when he enquired about it she
    used to give evasive answers. According to him she used to
    lead a life of an introvert and she preferred loneliness. She
    never watched T.V., she never read any newspapers or books.
F When he asked her about it she stated that she had an eye
    problem. He has further gone on to say that he blamed Girija's
    parents that they had suppressed her eye trouble from him and
    got her married to him. He further goes on to say that for this
    reason she was not willing to give birth to a child. This story is
G palpably false and is a crude attempt to create an impression
    that Girija was mentally unstable. No such evidence is brought
    on record. In this connection, at the cost of repetition, it must
    be stated that the trial court has rejected the defence of the
    appellant that Girija had lost her eye sight even before her
H marriage and that this fact was concealed from him. The trial
  VAJRESH VENKATRAY ANVEKAR v. STATE OF                                99
   KARNATAKA [RANJANA PRAKASH DESAI, J.]
court has observed that Girija was a graduate. If she had really A
lost eye sight, the appellant and his parents would have noticed
the defect earlier. Further part of the explanation which refers
to the appellant's alleged conduct of getting Girija examined
by Dr. Kumta, an eye specialist and allegedly giving her money
for operation will have to be understood against the background B
of above facts. We are not inclined to believe that t~e appellant
took Girija to an eye specialist and if he did take Girija to an
eye specialist we have no manner of doubt that it was too late
in the day. The evidence on record clearly indicates that Girija
received injury on her cheek and to her eye after marriage. She c
had no eye trouble before marriage. The injury was certainly
 not self-inflicted. Circumstances on record clearly establish that
Girija received the eye injury in the matrimonial home and the
appellant was responsible for it.
      12. We are wary of passing comments against the                         D
subordinate courts because such comments tend to demoralize
them. But, in this case, we will be failing in our duty if we ignore
the insensitivity shown by learned Sessions Judge to a serious
crime committed against a hapless woman. We need to quote
certain extracts from learned Sessions Judge's judgment which                 E
will show why we are so anguished.

     "The other allegations in Ex-P1 complaint is that the
     deceased was asked to get up at 5.00 a.m. early in the
     morning and she was asked to attend to house-hold work.                  F
     Even the accused had asked the deceased to attend to
     house hold chorus, that is not the act of cruelty, so as to
     drive the deceased to commit suicide ...................... ..
     . .. . .. .. .... .. . .. . .. .. .. .. .... Conduct of the accused in
     reprimanding the deceased for her lethargic habits,                      G
     strongly advising her to be more compatible with
     members of the family and to evince interest in the
     domestic shores cannot be considered as acts of cruelty."

     It is pertinent to note that even in this case Girija was asked
                                                                              H
    100        SUPREME COURT REPORTS                [2013) 1 S.C.R.


A to wake-up at 5.00 a.m. and start work. This kind of orders may
  not always be innocuous.

          13. Learned Sessions Judge further observes as under:

          "In 1995, Cri. L.J. Page -2472, (Neelakanth Patil vs. State
8         of Orissa), it is held that; mere statement that the
          deceased wife was not happy with the husband-accused,
          is not sufficient. Particularly in the absence of any direct
          evidence, oral or documentary about ill treatment one or
          two incident of assault bv the accused-husband is not
c         likely to drive the wife to commit suicide. Therefore, the
          Hon'ble High Court held the conviction of the husband
          was not proper." (emphasis supplied)

      Reproduction of Orissa High Court's judgment does not
0 appear to be accurate. Learned Sessions Judge further
  observes as under:

          "PW-11 has not stated the particular day of the noticing
          face of the deceased turning brownish and right eye
          upper portion blackening. He has not stated particular day
E         on which he found deceased to be panic. He has not
          stated particular day on which he found the deceased
          physically weak. Therefore, again these imputations are
          all general a/legations. As I said earlier even if upper eye
          portion or face of Girija had changed their colour because
F         of A-2 giving beatings. that alone as I said earlier is not
          the act of cruelty dn'vinq the deceased to commit suicide."
       · (emphasis supplied)

          "As I said earlier A-1 and 3 are the ordinary residents of
G         Karwar. In between the date of the marriage and the
          death of the deceased on 13.6.2002 she was very much
          staying with her husband A-2 in Bombay. Therefore.
          giving one or two beating is not cruelty to drive the
          deceased to commit suicide." (emphasis supplied)
H
  VAJRESH VENKATRAY Ar-JVEKAR v. STATE OF               101
   KARNATAKA [RANJANA PRAKASH DESAI, J.] .
    "The learned Public Prosecutor has argued that A
    blackening of skin on various parts of the body of the
    deceased is proved. Therefore, court has to believe those
    injuries to hold the accused responsible for the sake of
    argument. it is assumed that those injuries were inflicted
    by the accused. they are not sufficient to bring death in B
    the ordinarv course. One or two beats are not sufficient in
    the ordinary course of woman to commit suicide."
    (emphasis supplied)

     14. The tenor of the judgment suggests that wife beating
is a normal facet of married life. Does that mean giving one or C
two slaps to a wife by a husband just does not matter? We do
not think that that can be a right approach. It is one thing to
say that every wear and tear of married life need not lead to
suicide and it is another thing to put it so crudely and suggest
that one or two assaults on a woman is an accepted social P·
norm. Judges have to be sensitive to women's problems ..
Perhaps learned Sessions Judge wanted to qonvey that the
circumstances on record were not strong enough to drive Girija
to commit suicide. But to make light of slaps given to Girija
which resulted in loss of her eyesight is to show extreme E
insensitivity. Assault on a woman offends her dignity. What
effect it will have on a woman depends on facts and
circumstances of each case. There cannot be any
generalization on this issue. Our observation, however, must
not be understood to meari that in all cases of assault suicide F
must follow. Our objection is to the tenor of learned Sessions
Judge's observations. We do not suggest that where there is
no evidence the court should go out of its way, ferret out
evidence and convict the accused in such cases. It is of course
the duty of the court to see that an innocent person is not G
convicted. But it is equally the duty of the court to see that
perpetrators of heinous crimes are brought to book. The above
quoted extracts add to the reasons why learned Sessions
Judge's judgment can be characterized as perverse. They
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    102       SUPREME COURT REPORTS               [2013) 1 S.C.R.


A show a mindset which needs to change. There is a phenomenal
  rise in crime against women and protection granted to women
  by the Constitution of India and other laws can be meaningful
  only if those who are entrusted with the job of doing justice are
  sensitized towards women's problems.
B
        15. In the ultimate analysis we are of the opinion that the
  appellant has not been able to rebut presumption under Section
  113A of the Evidence Act. Girija committed suicide within
  seven years from the date of her marriage in her matrimonial
  home. Impact of this circumstance was clearly missed by the
C trial court. The evidence on record establishes that Girija was
  subjected.to mental and physical cruelty by the appellant in their
  matrimonial home which drove her to commit suicide. The
  appellant is guilty of abetment of suicide. The High Court has
  rightly reversed the judgment of the trial court acquitting the
D appellant. Appeal is, therefore, dismissed.
    B.B.B.                                     Appeal dismissed.