UNITED BANK OF INDIAversusRAMDAS MAHADEO PRASHAD AND ORS.

                         UNITED BANK OF INDIA                                A
                                    v.
              RAMDAS MAHADEO PRASHAD AND ORS.

                          NOVEMBER 4, 2003

                 [S.N. VARIAVA AND H.K. SEMA, JJ.]                           B


      Contract Act, 1872--Section 62-Enforcement of contract-Dispute
between parties-Suit-During pendency parties arriving at Memorandum of
Understanding and entering into compromise-However, parties not complying C
with the terms and conditions stipulated in the Memorandum of Understanding
and acting upon them-Effect of-Held: A party in breach cannot seek to
enforce a contract-The Memorandum of Understanding does not amount to
concluded contract or novation of contract under Section 62.

      Respondent filed suit regarding under-writing commitment in public     D
issue against appellant-bank. During pendency of the suit, parties arrived
at Memorandum of Understanding (MOU) in which a compromise was
entered into. MOU stipulated certain conditions and the parties were to
comply with the same.

     The question which arises for consideration is these appeals is         E
whether the MOU, entered into between the parties has been acted upon
and complied with by the parties.

       Respondent Nos. 1and2 contended that in view of the MOU signed
by the parties the original contract stood substituted by the MOU and it
is a fit case where Section 62 of the Contract Act can be invoked.           F
     Allowing the appeals, the Court

      HELD : 1.1. In the instant case, the respondents did not withdraw
the suit filed by them against the United Bank of India, which is the
condition precedent stipulated in clause (1) of the MOU. The respondents     G
also did not pay the guarantee liability and also no compromise petition
was filed before an appropriate court. Therefore, by,.no stretch of
imagination it can be said that the terms and conditions stipulated in the
MOU had been complied with and acted upon by the parties. Subsequent
                                  129                                        H

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    130                       SUPREME COURT REPORTS [2003] SUPP. 5 S.C.R.

A to the MOU there was also a lot of correspondence between the parties
    by exchanging letters giving offers and counter-offers which shows that
    the parties failed to arrive at a consensus even on what were the terms of
    the MOU. Thus, it is clear that there was no concluded contract nor was
    there any novation. Even otherwise, there has been non-compliance of the
B   terms and conditions of the MOU by the respondents and a party in breach
    can hardly seek to enforce a contract. Therefore, the MOU does not
    amount to novation of contract as envisaged· under Section 62 of the
    Contract Act. (133-E-H; 134-A-B)

         CIVIL APPELLATE WRISDICTION : Civil Appeal Nos. 8132-8133
C   of 2001.

         From the Judgment and Order dated 30.5.2001 of the Debts Recovery
    Appellate Tribunal, Calcutta in A. No. 23/2000 and 6 of 200 I.

          Dhruv Mehta, Mohit Chaudhary, Ms. Shalini Gupta for Mis K.L. Mehta
D & Co., for the Appellant.
         Ranjit Kumar, Rana Mukherjee, Siddharth Gautam, Goodwill Indeevar
    and Mrs. Sumita Ray for the Respondents.

          The Judgment of the Court was delivered by
E        SEMA, J. Heard Mr. Dhruv Mehta, learned counsel for the appellant
    and Mr. Ranjit Kumar, learned Senior advocate on behalf of respondent Nos.
    1 and 2 at length.

           These appeals are directed against the judgment and order dated
F   30.05.2001 passed by the Debts· Recovery Appellate Tribunal (DRA1),
    Calcutta. Two appeals were preferred before the DRAT. Appeal No. A-23/
    2000 was preferred by the appellant and Appeal No. A-6/200 I was preferred
    by the respondents herein. By the impugned judgment Appeal No. A-23/
    2000 was dismissed and Appeal No. A-6/2001 was allowed. In view of the
    order that we propose to pass, it may not be necessary to delve into the facts
G   leading to the filing of the present appeals. Suffice it to say that during the
    pendency of the suit, ~ Memorandum of Understanding (MOU) was arrived
    at; in a meeting held on 18.05.1994 between the parties in which a compromise
    was entered into, on the sole basis of which the order impugned was rendered.

          The spinal question raised in these appeals, therefore, is centred around
H
..               U.0.1. v. RAMDAS MAl-10,DEO PRASHAD [SEMA, J.J              131
     as to whether the MOU, entered into between the parties on 18.05.1994 and     A
     forwarded by letter dated 20.05.1994, has been acted upon and complied
     with by the parties.

          After considering the MOU, the Tribunal arrived at the following
     conclusion :
                                                                                   B
            "In order to resolve the dispute between the parties it is necessary to
            interpret the terms of compromise as conveyed by the appellant bank
            by letter dated 20.05.1994. Since, there was talk of compromise
            between the parties which actually took place on 18.5.1994 at 3.00
            p.m., the consensus arrived at must be taken to be a new contract
            between the parties and in the event the terms of this contract is     c
            obeyed by any party the other side cannot get away from it on the
            principle laid down in section 62 of the Contract Act. The clause-II
            of the enclosure containing the terms of the compromise fixes these
            settled amount at Rs. 33.14 lakhs plus interest at 6% thereon till the
            date of liquidation which is fixed at 12 months from the payment of D
            first instalment of 12 lakhs which is to be paid within a month from
           the date of arriving at the MOU. From the series correspondence
           which I have referred earlier it is amply clear that the first instalment
           was paid by the opposite party in time and the liquidation of the
           agreed amount was also made within the terms of the MOU. So far
           as the Bank guarantee is concerned, it is no body case that such · E
           guarantee has actually been invoked and as such the opposite party
            is under no obligation to pay the said sum to the Bank. The only
           question remains in dispute is the calculation of interest rather the
           date time from which such interest is to be calculated. The MOU
           does not mention the time from which such interest is to be calculated F
           and as such in my opinion since a new contract has invoked by way
           of talk between the parties on 18.5.1994 the claim of interest cannot
           go earlier to the said period. Because the Bank actually waived its the
           original claim of a much more higher sum by agreeing to remain
           contended with 33.14 lakhs as suit amount. As such, the subsequent
           contention of the .Bank as conveyed by letter dated 12.6.1995 G
           enhancing the suit amount as 47.22 lakhs cannot stand. It further
           appears that inspite of the fact that the opposite party actually obeyed
           the terms of MOU in toto, the bank did ngt adhere to the terms of the
~          said agreement and did not release the title· deeds as claimed by the
           opposite party. It is surprising that in course of the written note it has
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    132                      SUPREME COURT REPORTS (2003] SUPP. 5 S.C.R.

A          been alleged on behalf of the bank that the MOU reveals that the
           mind of one office of the Bank alone and there was no resolution of
           the Board of Directors to that effect on the said date. It is true that
           there was some exchanging of letters between the parties after the
           MOU. But that does not mean that the MOU loose:s its legality and
           significance, rather such correspondence were made around between
B          the parties due to wrong interpretation given to the said MOU by one
           party and non compliance of the terms by the Bank. Therefore, the
           MOU creating a new contract between the partie~ does not loose its
           force because of such correspondence. Accordingly, I came to the
           conclusion that the Bank is precluded from claiming any higher rate
c          of interest or claiming the interest from the debt of the claim case in
           view of the terms of MOU. Accordingly the decision of the Tribunal
           below repayment of further sum of Rs. 12.75 lakhs cannot stand.
           Needless to say, the claim of the Bank for enhanced sum after
           calculating on the basis of enhanced rate of interest also does not
           stand since the opposite party complied with the terms of MOU by
D          making payments strictly in conformity with the said agreement."

         At this stage, it will be useful to reproduce the MOU, entered into
    between the parties on 18.05.1994.

           "I.   Mis. Swaika Vanaspati Products Ltd. will withdraw the suit
E          against UBI regarding under-writing commitment in SVPL Public
           Issue.

           2. The suit against SOM may be is settled for Rs. 33.14 lacs (suit
           amount) plus simple interest@ 6% thereon till the date ofliquidation.
           The period for liquidation kept at 12 months from the date of 1st
F          instalment. The first instalment of Rs. 12.00 lacs is to be paid within
           one month preferably before 30th May, 1994. The sum of Rs. 2.33
           lacs which is the guarantee liability, is to be honoured due to invocation
           of guarantee, will have to be paid by the borrower additionally but
           will not bear any interest. To sum-up, the total dues will be suit-filed
G          amount of Rs. 33.14 lacs plus 6% interest at simple rate on Rs. 33.14
           lacs till liquidation on reducing balance plus Rs. 2.33 lacs (which is
           the guarantee liability). The consent decree to this effect will be filed
           in the appropriate court after receipt of Rs. 12.00 lacs. Securities
           charged to the Bank shall only be released after full and final payment.

H          3. The payment of the aforesaid amount will be made in instalments.
             U.0.1. v. RAMDAS MAHADEO PRASHAD [SEMA, J.)                       133

        The first instalment of Rs. 12.00 lacs will be made within 30 days             A
        and then the residual amount will be repaid by 4/5 instalments in 12
        months. On receipt of the first instalment of SOM compromise amount
        of Rs. 12.00 lacs, UBI will participate in rehabilitation/restructuring
        of SVPL ale. It will parallelly discuss with IRBI for the expansion
        scheme and will also subscribe to equity shares as required under the          B
        project.

        4. Jn case of default of instalment payment of SOM as prescribed
        above, the entire outstanding liability will attract nonnal rate of interest
        with quarterly rests.

        5. UBI will pay upto date fixed-deposit interest on the money received         C
        in SVPL Public Issue and lying with UBI."

      A fascicule reading of the conditions stipulated in the MOU, it clearly
posits that the parties were to comply with the conditions stipulated by taking
the following action :
                                                                                       D
       (a) to withdraw the suit filed by them against the appellant;
       (b) to pay the guarantee liability of Rs. 2.33 lacs; and
       (c) to file a compromise petition in terms of MOU before an
           appropriate court.
                                                                                       E
       Undisputedly, the respondents did not withdraw the suit tiled by them
against the United Bank of India, which is the condition precedent stipulated
in clause (1) of the MOU. The respondents also did not pay the guarantee
liability of Rs. 2.33 lacs. No compromise petition was filed before an
appropriate court. Therefore, by no stretch of imagination it can be said that
the tenns and conditions stipulated in the MOU had been complied with and              F
acted upon by the parties. Apart from what has been said, subsequent to the
MOU there was also a lot of correspondence between the parties by exchanging
letters giving offers and counter-offers, as would be revealed in the letters
dated 16.6.94, 23.12.94, 12.6.95, 15.6.95 and 19.6.95. All these correspondence
would go to show that the parties failed to arrive at a consensus even on what         G
were the terms of the MOU. Thus, it is clear that there was no concluded
contract nor was there any novation.

     As already noticed, no compromise petition was also filed in an
appropriate court in tenns of Order 23 Rule 3 of Civil Procedure Code.
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    134                      SUPREME COURT REPORTS (2003] SUPP. 5 S.C.R.

A         Mr. Ranjit Kumar, learned senior advocate contended that in view of
    the MOU signed by the parties the original contract stood substituted by the
    MOU and it is a fit case where Section 62 of the Indian Contract Act can be
    invoked. We have already said that there was no concluded settlement or
    novation. Even otherwise, there has been non-compliance of the terms and
    conditions of the MOU by the respondents and a party in breach can hardly
B   seek to enforce a contract. Therefore, the MOU does not amount to novation
    of contract as envisaged under Section 62 of the Indian Contract Act. The
    contention of Mr. Ranjit Kumar is, therefore, legally untenable.

           For the reasons aforestated, we allow the appeals. The order of the
C Appellate Tribunal dated 30th May, 2001 dismissing the appeal No. A-23/
    2000 and allowing the appeal A-6/2001 is set aside. Consequently, Appeal
    No. A-23/2000 before the ORA T is allowed and Appeal No. A-6/200 I stands
    dismissed. Parties are asked to bear their own costs.

    N.J.                                                      Appeals allowed.