UNION OF INDIAversusU.D. DWIVEDI ETC.

                               UNION OF INDIA                                       A
                                      v.
                              U.D. DWIVEDI ETC.

                               DECEMBER 3, 1996

                      [KULDIP SINGH AND S.C. SEN, JJ.]                              B

            Co11stitutio11 of India, 1950-Ait 319(c)-Scope of-F01mer member of
    .u.P.S.C.-Appointme11t i11 other employmellt 011 co/lfract basis-Held, bar on
     a11y other employme11t will include eve11 an appoi11tment by contract.

         The respondent, a scientist in Defence Research and Development
                                                                                    c
    Organisation [DRDO] was assessed for promotion, by Recruitment and
    Assessment Centre [RAC] under chairmanship of 'S' who was former
    member of U.P.S.C.

          The respondent challenged the assessment before Administrative            D
    Tribunal on ground that RAC was set up in unconstitutional manner,
    becanse former member of U.P.S.C. was prohibited from taking up any
    employment under UOI and State Govt. as per Art. 319[c] of the Constitu-
    tion. The Tribunal held the assessment as null and void upholding the
    contention of the respondent.
                                                                                    E
           In appeal to this Court, the petitioner contended that 'S' was not in
    employment of Central Govt. but was employed as consultant on contract
    basis.

          Dismissing the appeal, this Court
                                                                                    F
           HELD: Clause [c] of Article 319 bars "any other employment" which
    will include even an employment by contract under the Government of
    India or the State Government. That is the constitutional mandate. The
'   constitutional mandate cannot be evaded by giving 'S' a contract and not
    a letter of employment. Therefore, apart from the post of Chairma)\ of          G
    Union Public Service Commission or Chairman of the State Public Service
    Commission, he was ineligible for employment in any other capacity under
    the Government of India or a State Government. (502-E-G]

          CIVIL APPELLATE JURISDICTION: Civil Appeal No. 15344 of
    ~~                                                                              H
                                         499
    500                  SUPREME COURT REPORTS [1996] SUPP. 9 S.C.R.

A         From the Judgment and Order dated 17.8.91 of the Central Ad-
    ministrative Tribunal in O.A. No. 2738 of 1990.

          N.N. Goswamy, S.N. Terdol and Mrs. Anil Katiyar for Mrs. Sushma
    Suri for the Appellants.

B         N.S. Bisht and Umesh Misra (N.P.) for the Respondents.

          The Judgment of t~e Court was delivered by :
                           I
          SEN, J. Leave granted:

C         U.D. Dwivedi was employed in Defence Research & Development
    Organisation (DRDO) in 1974 and was working as Scientist 'B' in the
    pay-scale of Rs. 2200-4000, Gazetted Group 'A', DRDS Service at Solid
    State Physics Laboratory, Timarpur, Delhi, with effect from 1st July, 1983.
    He was working under Dr. A.K. Sreedhar, Director, Solid State Physics
    Laboratory, Timarpur, Delhi. Dwivedi was assessed by the Assessment
D   Board at Recruitment and Assessment Centre (RAC), Timarpur, on 1.2.89
    for the service period from July, 1983 to June, 1988 for promotion to the
    post of Scientist 'C' in the pay-scale of Rs. 3000-4500 in DRDS. The
    assessment is called as Assessment Year 1988. The result of the assessment
    was declared in May, 1989 and Dwivedi was not declared successful in the
E   assessment.

          Dwivedi challenged the assessment for the year 1988 before the
    Principal Bench of the Central Administrative Tribunal, New Delhi. The
    ground of challenge was that RAC, which conducted the assessment, was
    set up in an unconstitutional manner because the entire assessment was
F   conducted under the chairmanship of one Professor S. Sampath. Professor
    Sampath, being a former member of the Union Public Service Commission
    (UPSC), was prohibited from taking up any employment under Union of
    India or State Government as laid down in Article 319(c) of the Constitu-
    tion of India. The Tribunal upheld the contention of Dwivedi and held that
G   the Assessment made under the Chairmanship of Professor Sampath was
    null and void. Union of India h~s come up in appeal against the order of
    the Tribunal.

         The ground taken by the Director General, Research and Develop-
    ment Organisation, Ministry of Defence, is that prior to the issue of
H   GSR-512 dated 1.6.85, promotion and recruitment to scientific and techni-
                    U.0.1. v. U.D. DWIVEDI [SEN, J.]                  501
cal posts under DRDO were under the purview of UPSC and oil the A
assessment boards for promotion of scientists prior to the issue of lhe said
GSR were conducted by the UPSC. Appointment and promotion to these
posts were, however, excluded from the purview of UPSC by the said GSR.
Therefore, Recruitment & Assessment Centre was constituted at DRDO
Headquarter headed by a Director to provide secretarial services to the B
Assessment Board constituted to assess candidates for recruitment to
scientific and technical posts and promption of Scientists to higher posts.
Assessment for promotion of Scientisfs of DRDS to higher grades was
made by an Assessment Board consisting of a Chairman nominated by· the
Government, two departmental officers of appropriate status nominated
as members and two outside experts nominated by the Government. It was       c
contended that Professor Sampath, Chairman of the Recruitment and
Assessment Centre under DRDO, was not in the employment of the
Central Government and was not holding any employment under the
Government. He was a full time non-official consultant on contract basis
to advise DRDO on the matters of recruitment and assessment of Scientists D
and Engineers. He functioned as Chairman of Assessment Board con-
stituted for the purpose of recruitment to scientific and technical posts
under DRDO. Promotion of Scientists of DRDS to higher grades on the
basis of assessment made by RAC was, therefore, valid. A point was also
taken that statutory remedies had not been exhausted before coming to the
Tribunal.                                                                    E
      After hearing the parties, we are of the view that the Tribunal has
come to a right decision in this matter in holding that the entire process
of assessment was bad in law, and therefore, had to be struck down.

        Article 319 of the Constitution is as under :-                       F

        "319. Prohibition as to the holding of offices by members of
        Commission on ceasing to be such members.-On ceasing to hold
        office,
                                                                             G
        (a) the Chairman of the Union Public Service Commission shall
            be ineligible for further employment either under the Govern-
            ment of India or under the Government of a State;

        (b) the Chairman of a State Public Service Commission shall be
            eligible for appointment as the Chairman or any other mem- H
    502                  SUP!l'.EME COURT REPORTS (1996] SUPP. 9 S.C.R.

A                 ber of the lfnion Public Service Commission or as the Chair-
                  man of any other State Pubiic Service Commission, but not
                  for any other employment either under the Government of
                  India or under the Government of a State;
                                                                                      ..
                                   '·.
            (c)   a member under other than the Chairman of the U.nion Public
                  Service Commission shall be eligible for appointment as the
                  Chairman of the Union Public Service Commission or as the
                  Chairman of a State Public Service Commission, but not for
                  any other employment either under the·Government of India
                  or under the Government of a State;
c           (d)- a member other than the Chairman of a State Public Service
                 Commission shall be eligible for appointment as the Chair-
                 man or any other member of the Union Public Service Com-
                 mission or as the Chairman of that or any other State Public
                 Service Commission, but not for any other employment either
D                under the Government of India or under the Government of
                 a State. 11

           Clause (c) of Article 319 prohibits holding of any employment either
    under the Government of India or under the Government of a State by a
E   person who has been a member of the Union Public Service Commission,
    except as the Chairman of Union Public Service Commission or as the
    Chairman of a State Public Service Commission, There is no dispute that
    Professor Sampath was a member of the Union Public Service Commission.        '
    Therefore, apart from the post of the Chairman of Union Public Service
    Commission or Chairman of a State Public Service Commission, he was
F   ineligible for employment in any other capacity under the Government of
    India or a State Government. That is the constitutional mandate. Whether
    the employment was held under a contract or otherwise is quite immaterial
    for this purpose. The fact of the matter is that Professor Sampath was
    employed as the Chairman of the Assessment Board at Recruitment and
G   Assessment Centre. The constitutional mandate cannot be evaded by giving
    Professor a contract and not a letter of employment. Clause (c) of Article
    319 bars "any other employment" which will include even an employment
    by contract under the Government of India or the State Government.

         In this view of the matter, the appeal must fail and is dismissed.
H   There will be no order as to costs,
                      U.0.1. v. U.D. DWIVEDI [SEN, J.j                 503
     Civil Appeal No. 15345 of 1996.                                          A
     (Arising out of S.L.P. (C) No. 9793 of 1992)

     Leave granted.

      In view of our judgment in Civil Appeal no. 15344 of 1996 (Arising B
out S.L.P. (C) No. 1477 of 1992), this appeal is also dismissed. There will
be no order as to costs.

K.K.T.                                                   Appeal disnlissed.