UNION OF INDIA AND ORS.versusANAND KUMAR PANDEY AND ORS.

A                     UNION OF INDIA AND ORS.
                                 v.
                   ANAND KUMAR PANDEY AND ORS.

                                 JULY 18, 1994

B                  [KULDIP SINGH ANDS. MOHAN, JJ.)

           Service Law-Selection-Wntten Test-Viva Voce-Penal-Complaint
    regarding use of unfair means at one of the Examination Centres-Enquiry--
    Cancellation of Selection of candidates at the centre concerned-Directions
C   to sit in written examination afresh without affording oppoltUnity-Validity
    of-Principles of Natural Justice-Applicability of

           The respondents were included in a penal for non-technical posts in
    the Eastern Railway. The Penal was prepared by the Railway Recruitment
    Board on the basis of written examination and viva voce test. Subsequently
D   the Railway Authorities received a complaint that the question paper was
    leaked and the answers were supplied to two candidates who were wards
    of railway employees and they further sold the pre-solved answers to the ·.
    other candidates. Consequently large scale unfair means were adopted by
    candidates and there was mass copying at one of the Centres namely
E   Katihar from where the respondents had sat for the written examination.
    After conducting an inquiry the Railway authorities held that it was not
    safe to make appointments based on such examination. Accordingly It
    directed that 35 empanelled candidates who appeared in exam from
    Katihar Centre be subjected to fresh examination but the marks obtained
    by them in the viva voce examination should be taken into account. The ,
F   respondents challenged this order before Central Administrative Tribunal,
    Calcutta which quashed it on the ground that it was passed in violation of
    natural justice and directed the appellants to make the appointments on
    the basis of penal prepared. Against the decision of the Tribunal, Union
    or India preferred to appeal in this Court.
G
         Allowing the appeal, and setting aside the impugned judgment of the
    Tribunal, this Court

          HELD : 1. The Tribunal was wholly unjustified in interfering with
    the order of the appellants calling upon the respondents to sit in the
H   written examination again. In the facts and circumstances of this case on
                                       750
                 U.0.1. v. AK. PANDEY [KULDIP SINGH. J.J                 751

fault can be found with the aL1ion of the railway authorities in calling upon   A
only 35 empanelled candidates to take the examination afresh.
                                                                (754-D, F·G]
      2.1. The rules of natural justice cannot be put in a strait-jacket.
Applicability of these rules depends upon the facts and circumstances
relating to each particular given situation, [754-E]                            B

       2.2. The purpose of a competitive examination is to select the most
suitable candidates for appointment to public services. It is entirely dif·
ferent than an examination held by a college or university to award degrees
to the candidates appearing at the examination. Even if a candidate is
selected he may still be not appointed for a justlliable reason. In the C
present case the railway authorities have rightly refused to make appoint·
meats on the basis of the written examination wherein unfair means were
adopted by the candidates. No candidate had been debarred or disqualified
from taking the exam. To make sure that the deserving candidates are
selected the respondents have been asked to go through the process of D
written examination once again. Therefore, there is no violation of the rules
of natural justice in any manner. [754-G·H & 75S·A]

        CIVIL APPELLATE JURISDICTION : Civil Appeal No. 4828 of
1994.
                                                                                E
      From the Judgment and order dated 20.12.91 of the Central Ad-
ministrative Tribunal, Calcutta Bench in O.A. No.966 of 1989.

    Altaf Ahmed, Additional Solicitor General, A.S. Bhasme and V.K.
Verma for the Appellants.
                                                                                F
        Tapas Ray and D.P. Mukherjee for the Respondents.

        The Judgment of the Court was delivered by

        KULDIP SINGH, J. Special leave granted.

       The Railway Recruitment Board, Patna held written examination G
followecl by viva voce test for selection and recruitment to various posts of
non-technical popular categories in the Eastern. Railway. A panel of
selected candidates was prepared and published. Meanwhile in an inves-
tigation, conducted on a complaint received by the railway authorities, it
was found that unfair means were adopted by the candidates at Centre No. H
    752                   SUPREME COURT REPORTS (1994] SUPP. 1 S.C.R.

A    115 (Katihar). The question for consideration before the Central Ad-
     ministrative Tribunal (Tribunal) was whether in such a situation the
     railway authorities could cancel the selection and empanelment of the
    ·candidates from centre No. 115 and direct them to sit in the written
     examination again? If so could it be done without complying with the rules
     of natural justice ? The Tribunal answered the questions in the negative
B    and quashed the order of the railway authorities calling upon the can-
     didates to sit in the written examination once over again. This appeal by
     way of special leave is against the judgment of the Tribunal.

          The Railway Recruitment Board, Patna invited applications for
C selection and recruitment to various posts of non-technical popular
    categories in the Eastern Railway. The selection was to be made as a result
    of written examination and a viva voce test. A large number of candidates
    including the respondents appeared in the written test from various centres
    in the city of Katihar. All the respondents, in the appeal herein, sat for the
    written examination at centre No. 115 called "Darshan Shah Mahavidya-
D   laya", Katihar. It is not disputed that the respondents qualified in the
    written examination as well as in the viva voce test and their names were
    included in the panel of selected candidates which was published on
    September 23, 1988. Meanwhile a complaint dated September 1, 1988 was
    received by the railway authorities wherein it was alleged. that large-scale
E   unfair means were adopted by the candidates such as leakage of question
    papers and mass copying at centre No. 115, Kahitar.

         Mr. Altaf Ahmed, learned Additional Solicitor General, appearing
  for the appellants has placed on record the copies of the complaint, Inquiry
  Reports and noting part of the file (confidential) for our consideration.
F Secretary (Vigilance), Railway Board directed· an inquiry into the com-
  plaint through General Manager (Vigilance). Preliminary investigation
  report was sent to the Secretary on November 30, 1988. Finally the Deputy
  Director (Vigilance) held detailed inquiry into the allegations and sent his
  report dated July 19, 1989 to the Executive Director (Vigilance). The
G report was examined in detail at various levels in the Railway Ministry and
  finally a decisions was taken that 35 candidates of centre 115 be subjected
  to a fresh written examination. It was further decided that marks already
  obtained by them in the viva voce examination would be taken into account.
  It was further directed to complete the fresh examination within a period
  of one and a half month. The file shows that the decision was finally
H approved by the Minister in charge.
                    U.O.l. v. AK.PANDEY [KULDIP SINGH, J.]                 753

      As mentioned above, the decision of the appellants directing the A
respondents to appear in a written examination once again was challenged
by them before the Central Administrative Tribunal, Calcutta. The
Tribunal by the impugned judgment dated December 20, 1991 set aside the
order of the appellants and directed the appellants to make the appoint-
ments on the basis of the panel which was published on September 23,
1988. While issuing notice in the special leave petition this Court stayed B
the operation of the impugned judgment of the Tribunal.

      The Tribunal set aside the order, directing the respondents to sit in
the written examination again, on the short ground that a penal of selected
candidates having been prepared published the same could not be can-             C
celled without assigning any reason and without affording an opportunity
to the empanelled candidates. We are of the view that in the facts and
circumstances of this case the Tribunal fell into patent error in interfering
with the order of the appellants.

      The inquiry report and the noting on the file show that the railway        D
authorities rightly came to the conclusion that there was large scale copying
in centre No. 115 Katihar. The inquiry report reveals that overall pass
percentage in the written examination for all the centres at Katihar was
0.6% whereas the pass percentage in two rooms at centre No. 115 alone
was 45.4%.lt would be useful to have a look at the following date relied
upon by the railway authorities :                                                E
  tis.                                              Passed
                    Location           Candidates               Pass %age
 No.                                                Written
 1.          Room 22 & Staff Room          44          20         45.4%
 2.          D.S. College ( excldg.                                              F
                                          1155         15          1.3%
             Room 22/ staff room)
3.           Overall for Katihar
         .
             ( excldg room 22/ Staff     6618          40          0.6%"
             Room of Ds College)

General Manager (Vigilance) in para 4 of preliminary investigation dated G
January 19, 1989 addressed to Secretary (Vigilance) Railway Board has
stated that S/Sri AK. Pandey and AK. Kamati named in the complained
appeared in the written examination from the staff room and both of them
have secured the highest marked in the centre and both of them have given
               1                 1
identical 'wrong and correct1 answers. The wrong answers canno't be H
    754                   SUPREME COURT REPORTS [1994] SUPP. 1 S.C.R ...

A   identical unless the two cant!idates have copied from the same source. The
    main allegation in the complaint was that the paper was leaked beforehand
    an<l the answers were supplied to these two candidates who were the wards
    of the railway employees. It was further alleged in the complaint that these
    two cant!idates further sold the pre-solved answers to the other candidates
    in the centre. One of the complainant himself was a candidate and ap-
B   peared from the same centre. Bibha Kumari another candidate filed a
    statement before the Inquiry Officer saying that she was a candidate in the
    selection and appeared in the written test from centre No. 115. She stated
    that examination started late and in the examination hall chits were being
    supplied to the particular candidates.
c
          The railway authorities, relying upon the material placed on the
    record by the inquiring agency came to the conclusion that it was not safe
    to make appointments based on the written examination wherein unfair
    means were adopted on a large scale. We see no ground to differ with the
    conclusions reached by the railway authorities. The Tribunal was wholly
D
    unjustified in interfering with the order of the· appellants calling upon the
    respondents to sit in the written examination again.

           This Court has repeatedly held that the rules of natural justice cannot
    be put in a strait-jacket. Applicability of these rules depends upon the facts
E   and circumstances relating to each particular given situation. Out of the
    total candidates who appeared in the written test at the centre concerned
    only 35 candidates qualified the test. Jn that situation the action of the
    railway authorities in directing the 35 candidates of centre 115 to appear
    in a fresh written examination virtually amounts, to cancelling the result of
F   the said centre. Although it would have been fair to call upon all the
    candidates who appeared from centre 115 to take the written examination
    again but in the facts and circumstances of this case no fault can be found
    with the action of the railway authorities in calling upon only 35 (em-
    panelled candidates) to take the examination afresh. The purpose of a
G   competitive examination is to select the most suitable candidates for ap-
    pointment to public services. It is entirely different than an examination
    held by a college or university to award degrees to the candidates appear-
    ing at the examination. Even if a candidate is selected selected he may still
    be not appointed for a justifiable reason. In the present case the railway
    authorities have rightly refused to make appointments on the basis of the
H   written examination wherein unfair means were adopted by the candidates.
                U.0.1. v. A.K. PANDEY [KULDIP SINGH, J.]                 755

No candidate had been debarred or disqualified from taking the exam. To         A
make sure that the deserving candidates are selected the respondents have
been asked to go through the process of written examination once again.
We are of the view that there is no violation of the rules of natural justice
in any manner in the facts and circumstances of this case.

     We, therefore, allow the appeal, set aside the impugned judgment of        B
the Tribunal and dismiss the application of the respondents filed before
the Central Administrative Tribunal, Calcutta. No costs.

T.N.A.                                                      Appeal allowed.