Holding

Freight, packing charges and excise duty on packing must be included in the taxable turnover for both Central Sales Tax and Tamil Nadu Sales Tax.

Summary

Ramco Cement Distribution Co. Pvt. Ltd. and other cement dealers were assessed for sales tax on a turnover that included freight, packing charges, and excise duty on packing material for the year 1969-70. The dealers argued that these amounts should be excluded from taxable turnover for both the Central Sales Tax Act, 1956 and the Tamil Nadu General Sales Tax Act, 1959, relying on the fact that freight was charged separately in invoices and on the Cement Control Order. The Madras High Court held that while such charges must be included for Central Sales Tax, they could be excluded for Tamil Nadu sales tax. Both the State of Tamil Nadu and the dealers appealed. The Supreme Court held that freight, packing charges and excise duty on packing form part of the sale price and must be included in the taxable turnover for both Central and Tamil Nadu sales taxes, rejecting the High Court’s distinction. Consequently, the State's appeals were allowed and the dealers' appeals dismissed.

Issues considered

Whether freight charges incurred by a cement dealer can be deducted from total turnover for Central Sales Tax, Tamil Nadu General Sales Tax and Tamil Nadu Additional Sales Tax.
Whether packing charges can be excluded from taxable turnover for sales tax purposes.
Whether excise duty on packing materials can be excluded from taxable turnover.
Interpretation of Rule 6(c) of the Tamil Nadu General Sales Tax Rules, 1959 regarding deductions.

Legislation cited

Central Sales Tax Act, 1956s. 2(h), s. 2(j), s. 3(1)
Tamil Nadu General Sales Tax Act, 1959s. 2(g), s. 2(p), s. 3(1)
Tamil Nadu General Sales Tax Rules, 1959s. Rule 6

Subjects

central sales taxtamil nadu sales taxfreight chargespacking chargesexcise dutytaxable turnovercement control orderrule 6sales tax deduction

Judgment

A TYL, RAMCO CEMENT DISTRIBUTION CO. PVT. LTD.,
TAMIL NADU ETC. ETC.
v.
STATE OF TAMIL NADU

OCTOBER 20, 1992
B
[S. RANGAN;\THA:N AND B.P. JEEVAN REDDY, JJ.]

Central Sales Tax Act, 1956/Tami/ Nadu General Sales Tax Act,
1959/Tamil Nadu General Sales Tax Rules, 1959:
c Sections 2 (h) and (j)/Sections 2(p), (g) and 3(1)/Rule 6-Sales T~
Assessment of-Taxable tum over-Computation of-Freight charges, packing
charges and excise duty on packing material.s-Whether inc/udible in sale
price for purposes of both Central Sales Tax and Tamil Nadu Sales Tax.

D The appellants-assessees in the first set of appeals were selling
agents of appellants in the second set of appeals. For the assessment year
1969-70, they were assessed to sales tax on a taxable turn-over of Rs.
2,37,66,245 which included an amount of Rs. 29,71,527 representing freight
charges. The assessee claimed exclusion of freight charges in computing
the taxable turnover on the ground that freight had been independently
E
charged in the invoices. This was rejected by the assessing authority, the
appellate authority as well as the Tribunal. Aggrieved, the assessee
preferred revisions to the High Court.

The High Court held that in cases arising under the Central Sales
F Tax Act, the freight, packing charges and excise duty on packing materials
had to be included in the sale price for the computation of sales tax, that
in cases arising under the Tamil Nadu General Sales Tax Act and Tamil
Nadu Additional Sales Tax Act, freight, packing charges and excise dnty
on packing materials were not liable to be included in the sale price for
G the computation of the sale price, and that the assessees were not liable to
pay additional sales tax on freight, packing materials and excise duty on
packing materials in the cases arising under the Tamil Nadu Additional
Sales Tax Act.

Aggrieved, both the assessees as well as the State GoVl!rnment filed
H appeals before this Court.
78
lVL, RAMCO CEMENT CO. v. STATE OF TN. 79

On behalf of the State it was contended that the High Court, having A
held that the amounts in question were liable to be included in the
turnover for purposes of Central Sales Tax Act, ought to have also held
that these amounts were liable to be included in the taxable turnover for
purposes of Tamil Nadu General Sales Tax Act and the Tamil Nadu
Additional Sales Tax Act also, and that the relief granted for purposes of B
the local sales tax was erroneous.

On behalf of the assessees, it was contended that, even for the
purposes of C.S.T., the freight charges, the cost of packing materials and
the excise duty on the packing materials should have been excluded in the
computation of the taxable turnover, that the Cement Control Order, C
under the terms of which sales of cement were effected during the relevant
period by all cement manufacturers, had no relevance to the question at
issue, that all that the Cement Control Order laid down was that Cement
could not be sold at a price higher than a price fixed by the Cement
Control Order on terms described "as free on rail (F.0.R.), destination', D
that the Order did not stand in the way of cement manufacturers charging
a price less than the ceiling fixed under the Order, nor did it preclude
individual contracts by the cement manufacturers with various pur-
chasers that the latter should bear the freight charges that the assessees
had and that the assessees had entered into contract with the purchasers
which clearly stipulated that the freight would be payable by the latter, as E
per the terms and c:onditions of sale, the instant case was one where,
despite the terms oi the Control Order, the assessees chose to sell the
goods free on rail at the point where the goods were loaded on rail and
that the liability to pay freight was entirely that of the purchasers, and
that these contracts were not inconsistent with or repugnant to the terms F
of the Cement Control Order and therefore, the assessees were entitled to
exclude the amounts of freight as not forming the part of the turnover at
all.

Allowing the appeals of the State and dismissing those of the appel-
lant-dealers, this Court, G

HELD : 1. The freight charges should be included in arriving at the
taxable turnover for pnrposes of Central Sales Tax and Tamil Nadu Sales
Tax Act; and the packing charges and excise duty thereon should also be
lnclnded in arriving at the taxable turnover for purposes of both Central H
80 SUPREME COURT REPORTS [1992] SUPP. 2 S.C.R.

A Sales Tax and Tamil Nadu Sa1"s Tax. [94-D, El

2.1. The whole purpose of the Cement Control Order was that
cement should be available for sale at all places in the conntry at a
controlltd price. No doubt, the price was described as a· maximum beyond
which the sale price could not go but the intention, which was also carried
B out by all the suppliers, was that cement was to be sold at what may be
described as a controlled price on terms 'free on rail destination'. In other
words; the prodncer was entitled to the controlled price irrespective of the
amount of freight which migh.t have been incnrred in respect of the
transaction. Having regard to the fact that the freight on consignments to
C places near the factory and consignments to places far away from the
factories conld show a lot of variation, the control order created a
machinery by which all freight charges were credited to a common account
and any particnlar cement manufacturer incurring more than a specified
amonnt was entitled to be reimbursed for the excess freight incurred by
him. The whole Control Order proceeds on the footing that the freight
D charges are to be met by the producer and that be was entitled to a
consolidated price irrespective of the freight be may have incurred. Hence
the sale price, on the terms of the Central Sales Tax Act, could only be the
controlled price as fixed by the Cement Control Order. [87-F-H; 88-A-C)

E Hindustan Sugar Mills Ltd. v. State of Rajasthan, (1979) 43 S.T.C. 13,
relied on.

Hyderabad Asbestos Cement Products Ltd. v. State ofAndhra Pradesh, ·
(1969) 24 S.T.C. 487, distinguished.

F 2.2. The High Court was, therefore, fully justified in denying the
benefit of deduction of freight charges from the controlled price to arrive
at the turnover of the assessee for the purpose of the Central Sales Tax
Act. [89-CJ

3.1. In coming to the different conclusion in respect of the local Act,
G from that reached in respect of the Central Act, viz., that since freight was
one of the items specified in Clause (i) of Rule 6 (c) of Tamil Nadu
General Sales Tax Rules, 1959, and since the assessees bad specified and ·
charged for freight separately in their invoices, they were entitled to the
deduction of the freight in the computation of the taxable turnover, the
H High Court bas over-looked the significance of the inclusion of the words
TYL, RAMCO CEMENT CO. v. STATE OF T.N. 81

"without including them in the price of the goods sold' in Clause (c) of the A
Tamil Nadu General Sales Tax Rules. These words make it clear that the
freight charges are not to be deducted in the computation of the taxable
turnover merely because they are specified and charged for separately by
the dealer. [90·G, H; 91-A)

3.2. A further pre-requisite for their deduction is that these charges B
should not have been included in the price of the goods sold. Once it Is
concluded that freight has been Included as part of the price sold and that
the liability to pay the freight remains with the dealer, though permitted
to be set off against the sale price by the purchaser or consumer, it follows
that the deduction of the freight as a separate item in the computation of C
taxable turnover is not permissible. Rule 6(c) will apply only in cases
where the sale price charged does not include the freight charges and the
dealer separately collect freight from the consumer without Including the
same in the sale price. The High Court was, therefore, in error in exclud-
ing freight charges from the taxable turnover for the purposes of the D
Tamil Nadu Acts. [91·A·C; 93-F)

Tungabhadro Industries Ltd. v. Commercial Tax Officer, Kumool,
(1960) 11 S.T.C. 827; Dyer Meakin Breweries Ltd. v. State of Kera/a, (1970)
26 S.T.C. 248; Johar & Sons (P) Ltd. v. Sales Tax Officer, Emakulam, (1971)
27 S.T.C. 120; C.C. T. v. Ashoka Marketing Ltd., (1973) 32 S.T.C. 411; State E
of Mysore v. Panyam Cements and Mineral Industries Ltd., (1974) 33 S.T.C.
407; State of Tamil Nadu v. Parry and Company, (1976) 38 S.T.C. 122; State
of Tamil Nadu v. Chettinad Cement Corporation Ltd., (1976) 38 S.T.C. 519
and Premier Breweries Ltd. v. State of Kamataka, (1984) 56 S.T.C. 14, relied
on.
F
4. The position in regard to packing charges as well as the excise
duty thereon is also no different. Packing charges form part of 'sale price"
because the expression 'any sum charged for anything done by the dealer
in respect of the goods' used in the definition in Section 2(h) of the
Central Sales Tax Act, 1956, squarely covers such charges, as packing is G
an integral element of the transaction of sale and packing charges are an
integral part of the sale price. Once this is so, it follows that these charges
and the excise duty thereon cannot be excluded from the turnover for
purposes of the Central Sales Tax Act. Nor will, the assessee be in a
position to claim a deduction in respect of these charges by virtue of Rule H
SUPRl:MF COURT REPORTS I1992J SUPP. 2 S.C.R.
A 6~ c) of the Sales Tax Rules. Therefore, the packing charges and excise duty
thereon cannot also be deducted in computing the taxable turnover for the
purposes of the Tamil Nadu Acts. [93-G, H; 94-A-C]

Hindustan Sugar Mills Ltd. v. State of Rajastha11 & Ors., (1979) 43
S.T.C. 13 and Commissioner of Sales Tax v. Rai Bharat Das & Bros., (1988)
8 71 S.T.C. 277 (SC), relied on.

State of Tamil Nadu v. Vanniapemmal & Co., (1990) 76 S.T.C. 203;
Dalmia Cement (Bharat) Ltd. v. State of Tamil Nadu, (1991) 81S.T.C.327;
Dalmia Cemenl (Bharat) Ltd. v. State of Tamil Nadu, (1991) 83 S.T.C. 442,

c appro•·ed.
CIVIL APPELLATE JURISDICTION : Civil Appeal Nos. 2684-90
of !.982 etc. etc.

From the Judgment and Order dated 23.12.1981 of the Madras High
D Court in Tax Cases (Revision) Nos. 206-210, 586 and 825 of 1979.

M.L. Verma, G.L. Sanghi, S.K. Verma, Manoj Prasad, Ms. Minoti
Mukherji, AK. Srivastava, R. Mohan, T. Raja, R. Nedumaran and K. Ram
Kumar for the appearing parties.

The Judgment of the Court was delivered by
E
RANGANATHAN, J. By its judgment dated 23.12.1981, reported as
Ramco Cement Distribution Co. (P) Ltd. v. The State of Tamil Nadu, (1982)
51 S.T.C. 171, the Madras High Court disposed of a batch of 48 sales tax
revision cases arising out of the assessments, to local Sales Tax (T.N.S.T.)
F as well as Central Sales Tax (C.S.T.), of Ramco Cement Distribution Co.
(P) Ltd. (16 cases), Madras Cements Ltd. (8 cases), Dalmia Cement Bharat
Ltd. (21 cases) and India Cements Ltd. (3 cases). The questions at issue
were answered partly in favour of Revenue and partly in favour of the
assessees. C.A. Nos. 5306-5336/1985 preferred by the State of Tamil Nadu
G arise out of 31 of these cases : 9 relating to Ramco Cements, 16 relating
to Dalmia Cements and 6 relating to Madras Cements. C.A. No. 2684 to
2690/82 arc appeals by Ramco Cements and C.A. No. 4043-4044/1982 are
by Madras Cements from the same judgment. C.A. Nos. 315-319/1983 arise
out of the other 5 cases relating to Dalmia Cements. C.A. Nos. 280-
281/1989 arise out of a judgment of the High Court dated 17.1.1985 which
H dismissed two revision tax cases pertaining to Dalmia Cements. One of the
lVL. Rt\MC:O CEMENT CO. 1·. STATE OF T.N. [RANGANATHAN. l.J 83

questions involved in these cases was decided in favour of the assessee by A
following the decision in 51 S.T.C. 171. As the questions involved are
common, all these appeals are being disposed of by a common judgment.
In doing so, we shall refer to the facts in the appeals pertaining to Ramco
Cements. It is common ground that the facts in other cases are similar and
that the decision reached in the case of Ramco Cements will govern the
other appeals as well.
B

Ramco Cement Distribution Co. Pvt. Ltd. (hereinafter referred to as
'the assessee') are the selling agents of Mis. Madras Cements Ltd.,
Rajapalayam. For the assessment year 1969-70, they were assessed to sales
tax on a taxable turn-over of Rs. 2,37,66,245 which included an amount of C
Rs. 29,71,527, representing freight charges. The assessee claimed exclusion
of freight charges in computing the taxable turnover on the ground that
freight had been independently charged in the invoices. It relied on the
decision of the Supreme Court in the case of Hyderabad Asbestos Cement
Products Ltd. v. State of Andhra Pradesh, (1969) 24 S.T.C. 487. This D
contention was rejected by the assessing authority, the appellate authority
as well as the Tribunal. Aggrieved by the above orders, the assessee
preferred revisions to the High Court. The questions that arose for the
consideration of the High Court were enunciated as follows at the com-
mencement of its judgment :
E
(i) Whether the freight charges incurred by a dealer in the
despatch of cement to the place of the customer could be
·, deducted from the total turnover of the dealer under the
Central Sales Tax Act, Tami! Nadu General Sales Tax Act
and the Tamil Nadu Additional Sales Tax Act;
F
(ii) Whether the packing charges being the cost of the
packing materials used by the dealer in packing cement for
being delivered to his customers could be properly ex-
cluded from his turnover for the assessment of sales tax;
G
(iii) Whether the excise duty paid on packing materials
used by a dealer for packing cement to be sold lo his
customers can be excluded in his total turnover.

These questions were answered by the High Court as follows : H
84 SUPREME COURT REPORTS ll992J SUPP. 2 S.C.R.

A "In tax revision cases arising under the Central Sales Tax
Act, we hold that the freight, packing charges and excise
duty on packing materials have to be included in the sale
price for the computation of sales tax.

In cases arising under the Tamil Nadu General Sales Tax
B Act and Tamil Nadu Additional Sales Tax Act, we hol<l
that freight, packing charges and excise duty on packing
materials are not liable to be included in the sale price for
the computation of the sale price.

c The assessees are not liable to pay additional sales tax on
freight, packing metcrials and excise duty on packing
materials in those cases arising under the Tamil Nadu
Additional Sales Tax Act."

The High Court certified. the case to be one fit for appeal to the Supreme
D Court and hence these appeals.

Both the assessees as well as the State Government are aggrieved by
the High Court's decision. The State urges that, the High Court having held
that the amounts in question were liable to be included in the turnover for
purposes of Central Sales Tax Act, ought to have also held that these
E amounts were liable to be included in the taxable turnover for purposes of
Tamil Nadu General Sales Tax Act and the Tamil Nadu Additional Sales
Tax Act. On the other hand, on behalf of the assessees it is contended that,
even for the purposes of C.S.T., the freight charges, the cost of packing
materials and the excise duty on the packing materials should have been
F excluded in the computation of the taxable turnover. It is thus there are
cross appeals before us.

We have heard learned counsel on both sides. In our opinion, so far
as C.S.T. is concerned, the issue in the present case is fully and directly
covered by the decision of this Court in Hindustan Sugar Mills Limited v.
G State of Rajasthan, (1979) 43 S.T.C. 13. As stated earlier, the assessee relied
strongly on the decision of this Court in Hyderabad Asbestos Cement
Products Ltd. v. State of Andhra Pradesh, {1969) 24 S.T.C. 487 but this
decision has been considered and explained in the Hindustan Sugar Mills
case. We do not wish to state the facts or discuss the issues at great length
H since, in our opinion, they are all facts and issues that were under con-
TYL, RAMCO CEMENT CO. i: STATE OF T.N. !RANGANATHAN, J.] 85

sideration by this Court in Hindustan Sugar Mills Ltd. Learned counsel for A
the assessee contended that the Cement Control Order, under the terms
of which sales of cement were effected during the relevant period by all
cement manufacturers, had no relevance to the question presently at issue.
According to them all that the Cement Control Order laid down was that
cement could not be sold at a price higher than a price fixed by the Cement
Control Order on terms described "as free on rail (F.O.R.), destination".
B
It did not stand in the way of cement manufacturers charging a price less
than the ceiling fixed under the Order, nor did it preclude individual
contracts by the cement manufacturers with various purchasers that the
letter should bear the freight charges. In view of this, it was submitted that
the terms of the Cement Control Order do not alter the principle enun- C
ciated by this Court in the Hyderabad Asbestos Cement Products case. It
was then urged that, in fact, the assessees had entered into contracts with
the purchasers which clearly stipulated that the freight will be payable by
the latter. The following terms and conditions of sale were cited before us
as an instance of the type of contracts entered into by the assessees :
D
"Condition 2 : Once the consignment is handed over to the
carriers and a receipt is obtained, the responsibility of the
company ceases. The company does not accept any
liability for any delay, shortage, damage or loss of goods in
transit. Claims should be lodged with the carriers by buyers E
directly.

Condition 3 : The consignees shall arrange to take delivery
against indemnity bond, should the railway receipt or bill
of lading not reach them in time. The company is not liable F
in any manner whatsoever and is also not responsible for
any demurrage or damages that may accrue due to non-
receipt or late receipt of railway receipt or bill of lading by
the consignees.

Condition 4 : Prices shall be charged as ruling on the date G
of despatch of the goods and the company shall not be
responsible for any variation in prices. The price of the
cement supplied to the buyers shall be the current general
gross list price charged by the company, free on rail less
such discount as may be fixed by the company from time H
86 SUPREME COURT REPORTS (1992J SUPP. 2 S.C.R.

A to time. But the terms and the times of delivery and the
payments therefore shall be in the absolute discretion of
the company who may vary the same from time to time.
Each despatch shall be a separate contract.

Condition 10 : The conditions of any railway receipt shall
B be binding on the buyer and the date of delivery shall mean
the date of the railway receipt and in the case of consign-
ments sold free on rail destination, the railway freight shall
be nevertheless payable by the buyers at the destinations.

Condition 11 : The buyer shall further be responsible for
c
any additional freight, should transport by expensive route
be undertaken or should the quantity despatched be less
than a wagon load.

Condition 12 : In the case of road deliveries, freight will be
D allowed upto the nearest rail head to the destination or
actual transport charges whichever is less or according to
the instructions of the Control authorities from time to
time.

Condition 13 : The buyer shall put up his claim with the
E
Railways direct whenever amounts are collected in excess
of the freight indicated in the Railway receipt. The com-
pany will allow freight only at the scheduled wagon load
rate.n

F Basing themselves on these terms and conditions, learned counsel for
the assessee contended that this was a case where, despite the terms of the
Control Order, the assessees chose to sell the goods free on rail at the
point where the goods were loaded on rail and that the liability to pay
freight was entirely that of the purchasers. It was contended that these
G contracts were not inconsistent with or repugnant to the terms of the
Cement Control Order and that on the same basis as the decision of this
Court in the Hyderabad Asbestos Cement Products Ltd. case, the assessees
are entitled to exclude the amounts of freight as net forming the part of
the turn over at all.

H Interesting as these arguments are, we find that they are merely a
TYL, RAM CO CEMENT CO., .. STATE OF TN. [RANGANATHAN, l] 87

repetition of what was urged in the case of Hi11dusta11 Sugar Mills Ltd,, In A
that case also the point urged was that the Cement Control Order only
fixes the maximum price and that there was nothing to prevent the
producer from selling the cement at a lower price and that, if the producer
opted to sell his cement at price lower than the control price and allow
credit to the purchaser where the purchaser agreed to pay the freight, the
B
sale price can only be the smaller amount by deducting the freight charges
from the gross amount of the bilL The second argument, based on the
terms of the contract between the parties, was also addressed in the
Hindustan Sugar Mills case. There also clauses 5, 8 and 11 of the general
terms and conditions of supply were strongly relied upon on behalf of the
assessee. Under those terms and conditions, it was specifically mentioned c
that although the price of cement was on the basis of F.O,R. destination
railway station, consignments would nevertheless be despatched 'freight to
pay' and credit afforded in the bill for the amount of freight payable and
that the purchaser should accordingly arrange to pay railway freight or
road transport charges at the destination at the time of taking delivery. This D
Court, after referring to the above contentions, pointed out that, if the
terms and conditions of the contract had stood alone, the assessee might
have been entitled to succeed in excluding the freight charges on the
principle of Hyderabad Asbestos Cement Products Ltd. case but that relief
could not be given to the assessee in view of the scheme and provisions of E
the Cement Control Order and their implications. The terms of the Cement
Control Order have been fully analysed and discussed at pages 33 to 35 of
the report. There is, therefore, no difference either on facts or in principle
between this case and the Hindustan Sugar Mills Ltd. case. We have heard
learned counsel on both sides and we do not find any reason to doubt or
dissent from the decision in the Hindustan Sugar Mills Ltd. case. On the
F
other hand, as pointed out by the learned Judges in that case, the whole
purpose of the Cement Control Order was that cement should be available
for sale at all places in the country at a controlled price. No doubt, the
price was described as a maximum beyond which the sale price could not
go but the intention, which was also carried out by all the suppliers, was G
that cement was to be sold at what may be described as a controlled price
on terms 'free on rail destination'. In other words, the producer was
entitled to the controlled price irrespective of the amount of freight which
might have been incurred in respect of the transaction. Having regard to H
the fact that the freight on consignments to places near the factory and
88 SUPREME COURT REPORTS [1992] SUPP. 2 S.C.R.
\
A consignments to places far away from the factories c0uld show a lot of
variation, the control order created a machinery by which all freight
charges were credited to a common account and any particular cement
manufacturer incurring more than a specified amount was entitled to be
reimbursed for the excess freight incurred by him. As the learned Judges
B pointed out in the earlier decision, the whole Control Order proceeds on
the footing that the freight charges are to be met by the producer and that
he was entitled to a consolidated price irrespective of the freight he may
have incurred. In this view of the matter, the sale price, on the terms of
the Central Sales Tax Act, could only be the controlled price as fixed by
the Cement Control Order.
c
We find that the factual position in these cases is also not as I -
described by the learned counsel for the assessee. The assessee's arguments
in this regard were sought to be highlighted by the production of one of
the invoices by which certain goods were despatched by Dalmia Cements
D to Karaikal. It is interesting to see that this invoice mentions F.O.R. cement
price as the controlled price stipulated in the Cement Control Order, and
this is" also what is contemplated by condition 4 set out earlier. To this is
added a Central Excise Duty. Thereafter, the assessee purports to give
credit for railway freight and a net price, which is described as Net price
'F.O.R.' Works Siding is worked out, to which are added Central Sales Tax
E Act, packing charges, sales tax on packing charges (if any) and a deposit
to cover any levy of sales tax on freight. In our opinion, if, as stated by the
assessee, all that it did was to sell the cement at net price F.O.R. with a
liability on the purchasers to bear the railway freight, the invoice need not
have contained all the details which it purports to contain including all the
F above calculations starting with the F.O.R. price at the controlled rate. In
such an event all that the assessee need have done was to invoice the
purchasers at the net price F.O.R. Works Siding and despatch the goods
under 'freight to pay'. It is also interesting to see that the invoice specifi-
cally includes a deposit to "cover any levy of sales tax on freight". It is clear
that the invoice has been drawn up in terms of the Control Order. The
G price charged by the assessee is F.O.R. cement price and Central Excise
Duty has been added on this footing. The invoice mentions the amount of
railway freight and permits it to be deducted only because the freight will
be paid to the Railways by the purchasers on behalf of the assessee and
credit is given therefor in the invoice. This process is necessary because
H the amounts of freight for which credit has been given have to be eventually
lVL, RAMCO CEMENT CO.,._ STATE OF T.N. [RANGANATHAN, J.) 89

adjusted while settling accounts between the manufacturer of cement and A
obtaining reimbursement, if any, from the pool account. The producer will
have to satisfy the concerned authorities that, in certain instances, the

- freight paid is in excess of the freight which a producer can be called upon
to pay in terms of para 9 of the Cement Control Order. In our opinion the
invoice placed before us only reinforces the factual and legal position
outlined by this Court in the Hindustan Sugar Mills Ltd. case in regard to
B
the purpose and effect of the terms of the Cement Control Order.

For the reasons above mentioned, we are of the opinion that the High
Court was fully justfied in applying the decision in Hindustan Sugar Mills
Ltd. to the present case and denying the benefit of deduction of freight C
charges from the controlled price to arrive at the turnover of the assessee
for the purposes of the Central Sales Tax Act.

Turning now to the appeals filed by the State, the contention, as
earlier mentioned, is that the High Court should have arrived at the same
- conclusion on the provisions of the Tamil Nadu General Sales Tax Act and
Additional Sales Tax Act as it did under the Central Sales Tax Act and
D

that in view of the decision of this Court in the Hindustan Sugar Mills case
the relief granted for purposes of the local sales tax is erroneous. In coming
to a different conclusion on the provisions of the local Sales Tax Act from
that reached in respect of the Central Act, the High Court has relied upon E
the fact that the local sales tax is charged not on the turnover of the dealer
but only on his taxable turnover. The explanation 'taxable turnover' has
been defined in section 2(p) as follows :

"2(p) - 'taxable turnover' means the turnover on which a
dealer shall be liable to pay tax as determined after making F
such deductions from his total turnover and in such manner
as may be prescribed."

The Tamil Nadu General Sales Tax Rules, 1959, have prescribed rules for
the determination of the taxable turnover. Rule 6 reads thus :
G
"Rule 6 - The tax or taxes under sections 3, 4 or 5 shall be
levied on the taxable turnover of the dealer. In determining
the taxable turnover, the amounts specified in the following
clauses shall, subject to the conditions specified therein, be
deducted from the total turnover of a dealer- H
')ii SUl'RlcMlo C:UL!n REl'Ol(TS [ 1992] SUPP. 2 S.C.R.

A (a) all amounts for which goods specified in the Third
Schedule to the Act are sold;

(b) all amounts for which goods exempted by a Notification
under Section 17 are sold or purchased, as the case may
be provided that the term:; and conditions, if any, for the
B exen1ption in the notification are complied \Vith;

(c) all amounts falling under the following three heads
when specified and charged for by the dealer, separateiy,
without including them in the price of the goods sold-

c (i) freight;
(ii) (omitted);
(iii) charges for delivery;

(cc) all amounts falling under the head charges for packing,
D that is to say, cost of packing materials and cost of labour.

(i) when charged for by the dealer separately without
including such amounts in the price of the goods sold in
respect of the goods liable to tax at the hands of the
assessee; and
E
(ii) wheth(Or or not such amounts are specified and charged
for by the dealer separately, in respect of the goods not
liable to tax at the hands of the assessee".

The High Court has held that since freight is one of the items
F specified in clause (i) of rule 6( c) and since the assessees have specified
and charged for freight separately in their invoices, they are entitled to the
deduction of the freight in the computation of the taxable turnover. This
is the short ground on which the High Court has reached, in respect of the
local Act, a conclusion different from that reached in respect of the Central
G Act.

We agree with the learned counsel for the State of Tamil Nadu that,
in coming to the above conclusion, the High Court has over-looked the
significance of the inclusion of the words "without including them in the
price of the goods sold" in clause (c). These words make it clear that the
H freight charges are not to be deducted in the computation of the taxable
lVL. RAMCO CEMENT CO. v. STATE OF T.N. [RANGANATHAN . .I.[ 91

turnover merely because they are specified and charged for separately by A
the dealer. A further pre-requisite for their deduction is that these charges
should not have been included in the price of the goods sold. This takes
us back to the consideration as to whether the price charged for by the
assessee includes freight or not, which we have discussed elaborately in
respect of the levy of Central Sales Tax. Once we come to the conclusion
- as we have-that freight has been included as part of the price sold and
B
that the liability to pay the freight remains with the dealer, though per-
mitted to be set off against the sale price by the purchaser or consumer, it
follows that the deduction of the freight as a separate item in the computa-
tion of taxable turnover is not permissible. Rule 6(c) will apply only in cases
where the sale price charged does not include the freight charges and the c
dealer separately collects freight from the consumer without including the
same in the sale price. In fact this aspect has been made clear in three
decisions of this Court dealing with similar rules. In Tungabhadra Industries
Ltd. v. Commercial Tax Officer, Kumool, (1960) 11 S.T.C. 827, the dealer

- claimed deduction of railway freight from the amount of price of the goods D
sold as stated in the bill on the strength of rule 5 (1) (g) of the Madras
General Sales Tax (Turnover and Assessment) Rules, 1939, which is in
precisely the sa1ne terms, as rule 6, which is now being considered by us.
The claim was negatived by this Court. It observed :

"The appellant claimed exemption on a sum of Rs. 3, 88, E
377-13-3 on the ground that it represented the freight in
respect of the goods sold by the appellant, asserting that
they had been charged for separately. The assessing officer
r.ejected the claim and this rejection was upheld by the
departmental authorities and by the High Court in revision. F
It would be seen that in order to claim the benefit of this
exemption the freight should (i) have been specified and
charged for by the dealer separately, and (ii) the same
should not have been included in the price of the goods
sold. The learned Judges of the High Court held that
neither of these conditions was satisfied by the bills G
produced by the appellant. We consider, the decision of
the High Court on this point was correct. In the specimen
bill which the learned counsel for the appellants has placed
before us, after setting out the quality sold by weight (23,
760 lb.) the price is specified as 15 annas 9 pies per lb. and H
92 SUPREME COURT REPORTS [1992] SUPP. 2 S.C.R.

A the total amount of the price is determined at Rs. 23,388-
12-0. From this the railway freight of Rs. 1,439-12-0 is
deducted and the balance is shown as the sum on which
sales tax has been computed. From the contents of this
invoice it would be seen that the appellant has charged a
price inclusive of the railway freight and would therefore
B be outside the terms of rule 5(1) (g) which requires that in
order to enable a dealer to claim the deduction it should
be charged for separately and not included in the price of
goods sold. The conditions of the rule not having been
complied with, the appellant was not entitled to the deduc-
c tion in respect of freight."

The same conclusion was reached by this Court in Dyer Meakin
Breweries Ltd. v. State of Kera/a, (1970) 26 S.T.C. 248. Here, the appellant-
company which manufactured liquor at various places in U .P. and
D Haryana, transported the goods frail\ its breweries and distilleries to its
place of business in Ernakulam and sold them there. When selling liquor
to the customers the appellant made out separate bills for ex-factory price -
and for "freight and handling charges". The appellant claimed that the
amount charged for "freight and handling charges" incurred by it in
transporating the goods from the breweries and distilleries to the
E warehouse in Kerala were digible for deduction under rule 9(1) of the
Kerala General Sales Tax Rules, 1963, a rule which is in the same terms
as rule 6, with which we are now concerned in the present case. This claim
was negatived by this Court. The Court obvserved :

F "It is common ground that the sale of the liquor took place
in Ernakulam. The company arranges to transport liquor
for sale from the factories to its warehouse at Ernakulam.
It was not brought for any individual customer. All the
expenditure incurred is prior to the sale and was evidently
a component of the price for which the goods were sold.
G It is true that separate bills were made out for the price of
the goods ex-factory and for "freight and handling charges".
But, in our judgment, the Tribunal was right in holding that
the exemption under clause (I) of rule 9 applies when the
freight and charges for packing and delivery are found to
H be incidental to the sale and when they are specified and

'
1VL, RAMCO CEMENT CO. r. STATE OF T.N. [RANGANATHAN, J.] 93

charged for by the dealer separately and expenditure in- A
curred for freight and packing and delivery charges prior
to the sale and for transporting the goods from the factories
to the warehouse of the company is not admissible under
rule 9(1). Rule 9(1) seeks to exclude only those charges
which are incurred by the dealer either expressly or by
necessary implication for and on behalf of the purchaser
B
after the sale when the dealer undertakes to transport the
goods and to deliver the same or where the expenditure is
incurred as an incident of sale. It is not intended to exclude
from the taxable turnover any component of the price,
expenditure incurred by the dealer which he had to incur c
before sale and to make the goods available to the intending
customer at the place of sale."

In Johar and Sons (P) Ltd. v. Sales Tax Officer, Emakulam, (1971)
27 S.T.C. 120, the same question arose, again in the context of the Kerala D
General Sales Tax Rules, 1963. The Court followed the decision in Dyer
Meakin Breweries Ltd. case. It was pointed out that the decision in Tunga-
bhadra Industries Ltd. had rested on the facts of the case without going into
the interpretation of the relevant rule of the Madras General Sales Tax
(Turnover and Assessment) Rules, 1939. It was, however, held that the Dyer
Meakin decision would apply to the case before the Court. A number of E
subsequent decisions has also held to a like effect : CC. T. v. Ashoka
Marketing Ltd., (1973) 32 S.T.C. 411, State of Mysore v. Panyam Cements
and Mineral Industries Ltd., (1974) 33 S.T.C. 407, State of Tamil Nadu v.
Parry and company (1976) 38 S.T.C. 122, State of Tamil Nadu v. Chettinad
Cement Corporation Ltd., (1976) ' 38 S.T.C. 519 and Premier Breweries Ltd. F
v. State of Kamataka, (1984) 56 S.T.C. 14. We are, therefore, of the opinion
that the High Court was in error in trying to distinguish the decision in the
Hindustan Sugar Mills case and in excluding freight charges from the
taxable turnover for the purposes of the Tamil Nadu Acts.

The position in regard to packing charges as well as the excise duty G
on packing charges is also no different. As pointed out by this Court in the
Hindustan Sugar Mills case and in Comm1ssio11er of Sales Tax v. Rai Bharat
Das & Bros., [1988] 71 S.T.C. 277 (SC), packing charges form part of "sale
price1' because the expression ''any sum charged for anything done by the
dealer in respect of the goods" used in the definition in section 2(h) of the H
94 SUPRF.V!I·. COllRT REPORTS j1992J SUPP. 2 S.C.R.

A Central Sales Tax Act, 1956, squarely covers such charges, as packing is an
integral clement of the transaction of sale and packing charges arc an
integral part of the sale price. Once this is so. it follows that these charges
and the excise duty thereon cannot be excluded from the turnover for
purposes of the Central Sales Tax Act. Nor will, for the reasons earlier
discussed in relation to freight charges, the assessee be in a position to
B claim a deduction in.respect of these charges by virtue of rule 6(cc) of the
Sales Tax Rules. In om view, this position has been correctly set out,
applying the decision in the case of Rai Bharal Das and Bros., in State of
Tamil Nadu v. Vanniaperumal & Co., (1990) 76 S.T.C. 203, Dalmia Cemellt
(Bharat) Ltd. v. State of Tamil Nadu, (1991) 81 S.T.C. 327 and Dalmia
c Cement (Bharat} Ltd. v. State of Tamil Nadu, (1991) 83 S.T.C. 442. We are,
therefore, of the opinion that the packing charges and excise duty thereon
cannot also be deducted in computing the taxable turnover for the pur-
poses of the Tamil Nadu Acts.

We, therefore, hold-
D
(i) that the freight charges should be included in arriving at the
taxable turnover for pu,poses of C.S.T. and T.N.S.T.; and

(ii) that packing charges and excise duty thereon should also be
included in arriving at the taxable turnover for purposes of both C.S.T. and
E T.N.S.T.

The appeals by the State of Tamil Nadu are accordingly allowed and
the appeals filed by the assessee are dismissed. There will, however, be no
order regarding costs.

N.P.V. C.A. Nos. 2684-90, 4043-44/82
315-19/83-dismissed. •"
C.A.-Nos-5306-36/85 and 280-81/89-allowed.