Holding

The term 'install' must be read contextually, and the omission of 'installed in the factory' in the head note means the exemption can apply; consequently, the Tribunal and CEGAT erred and the matter must be reheard with proper factual findings.

Summary

Tata Iron and Steel Co. Ltd. manufactured parts of locomotive wagons and rolling stock at its Growth Shop in Adityapur and transferred them to its main plant in Jamshedpur for repair and maintenance of transport equipment used within the factory. The assessee claimed exemption under Notification No. 281/86, which exempts excisable goods used for repairs or maintenance of machinery, but the revenue argued that the machinery was not "installed" in the factory, a condition they said was required for the exemption. The Tribunal and CEGAT held that the parts were not covered and imposed duty and penalty, also questioning the limitation period by invoking Rule 196 instead of Section 11A. The Supreme Court held that the term "install" must be interpreted in the statutory context and that the Notification’s head note does not limit the exemption to machinery "installed in the factory"; therefore, the lower authorities erred and further factual inquiry is needed. It also observed that Rule 196 and Section 11A operate in different fields and that the CEGAT introduced Rule 196 without giving the assessee a chance to be heard. The Court remanded the matter to the CEGAT for fresh adjudication on the factual aspects and the effect of the missing words, and disposed of the appeals without costs.

Issues considered

The applicability of Notification No. 281/86 to parts of loco wagons and rolling stock when the machinery is described as 'installed' in the factory.
The proper interpretation of the terms 'install' and 'installed' in the context of the exemption notification.
The relevance of the head note of the notification, which omits the words 'installed in the factory', to the scope of the exemption.
Whether the show‑cause notices were issued within the limitation period, i.e., applicability of Section 11A versus Rule 196 of the Central Excise Rules.
Whether the revenue can proceed against the consignee (the main plant) for failure to comply with Chapter X procedure and license conditions.

Legislation cited

Central Excise Act, 1944s. 11A, s. 35L
Central Excise Rules, 1944s. 192, s. 196, s. 9(2)
Central Excise Tariff Act, 1985s. Schedule

Subjects

Central ExciseExemption NotificationInstallationStatutory interpretationLimitation periodRule 196Section 11AChapter X procedureConsignmentLoco wagon parts

Judgment

THE TATA IRON AND STEEL CO. LTD., BIHAR A
v.
THE COLLECTOR OF CENTRAL EXCISE, PATNA

MARCH 2, 2005

[ARIJIT PASAYAT AND S.H. KAPADIA, JJ.] B

Central Excise Act, 1944-Exemption Notification-Entitlement of-
Assessee manufacturing parts of loco wagons and rolling stock at its factory
and bringing it to other factory for use in repair and maintenance of transport C
equipment used within the factory-Benefit of exemption sought-Issuance of
show cause notice alleging breach of Notification:_Tribunal held that
Notification not applicable as the machinery for which parts were meant not
installed in the factory but used in factory-Plea that when placed on rail, it
can be set to be placed in position, and thus, installed-On appeal, held: For
want of some more factual details with regard to installation of machines, D
matter remanded back for fresh adjudication-Furthermore, the Tribunal'failed
to consider that the expression 'machinery installed in the factory' not covered
in the Headnote of the Notification-As such the Tribunal directed to consider
the effect of the absence of the words.

Section /IA-Central Excise Rules, 1944-Rules 9(2) and 196(1) and E
Chapter X-Assessee manufacturing parts of loco wagons and rolling stock at
its factory and bringing it to other factory for use in repair and maintenanle
oftransport equipment used within the factory-Benefit ofNotification sought-
/ssuance of show cause notice proposing duty and penalty for contravention
of procedure under Chapter X of Rules by consignee-other factory on failing F
. to intimate actual use ofgoods received from consignor under Rules 9(2) and
196(1) and section / JA(J)-Authority holding section I IA(/) applicable
whereas Tribunal holding notices within tiine with reference to Rule 196-0n
appeal, held : Tribunal .introduced Rule 196 without giving opportunity to
assessee-Assuming that assessee entitled to exemption but the Tribunal did
not consider whether the consignee could be proceeded against for not following G
the procedure under Chapter X and violation of the terms and conditions of
the License in proper perspective-Hence, matter remanded back for fresh
adjudication.

Words and Phrases:
457 H
458 SUPREME COURT REPORTS [2005] 2 S.C.R.

A 'Install' or 'installed ',Meaning of • J

Appellant-asses~ee manufactured parts of foco wagon· and rolling
stock at its factory and brought them to the other factory for repair and
maintenance of transport equipments used for moving the material and
products within the factory. Appellant sought the benefit of the
B Notification _No. 281/86 dated 24.4.1986 exempting the excisable products
used for repairs and maintenance of machinery, with regard to the parts
of loco-wagon and rolling stock falling under Chapter 86 of the Schedule
under Central Excise Tariff Act, 1985 manufactured in its factory and
brought to other factory for repair and maintenance of transport
C equipments used for movin~ the material and products within the factory.
Department issued show cause notices to the appellant's factory alleging
breach of the terms and conditions of the Notification. The
. Tribunal held
.
that locomotive or rolling stock wa·gon or bogies are moving items and
were not so placed or put or fixed in a position ?S such the benefit of th~
Notification was not available since it applied to machinery installed in
D the factory and not to the machinery used in the factory. Hence, the first
and' second appeal.

Appellant had sought permission under. Rule 192 of Central Excis~
0

Rules for bringing parts of loco engine and rolling stock from its factory
E to the other factory without payment of duty, claiming the benefit of the
notification bi,It the same was refused. Department issued show cause
notice to the appellant proposing imposition of duty and penalty for
contravention of procedures contained in Chapter X by the other factory-
consignee having failed to intimate the actual use of goods received from
the appellant's factory-consignor under Rules 9(2) and 196(1) of the Rules
F ·read with proviso to section 1l(A)(l) of the Central Excise Act, 1944. With
regard to the show cause notices to be within limitation period, the
Adjudicating Authority and the First Appellate Authority proceeded as
if section llA(l) was applicable whereas CEGAT held that for, raising a
demand under Rule 196, limitation under section 1 lA(l) is not releyant
and since no period of limitation is prescribed under Rule 196, notices were
,G issued within time. Hence the third appeal. .,

Appellant-assess~e contended that t~e term 'insta.llation' does not
mean that it should be embedded to the earth only, but means setting up
or fixed in position for use or service; that the wagon and the trucks which
H were quite heavy are used in the fact?ry premises on fixed rails an.~ when
TAT A IRON AND STEEL CO. LTD. v. C.C.E. 459

they are placed on rails they can be said to be placed in position; and that A
the CEGAT made out a new case relating to applicability of Rule 196 for
the purpose of limitation depriving the appellant of presenting its case.

Respondent-revenue contended that the revenue authorities as well
as CEGAT clearly held that the parts were in fact not used for repair or
maintenance of machinery installed; that in the common parlance the word B
"installed" means embedded to the earth with no possibility of movement
from one place to another; and that both Rule 196 and section IIA(l)
operate in different field'.

Remanding the matter to the Tribunal, the Court
c
HELD : 1. The expression 'install' -0r 'installed' has to be read in
the context of a particular statute keeping in view the factual position and
no generalisation can be done. In the instant case, appellant-assessee
submitted that the wagon and the trucks which were quite heavy are used
in the factory premises on fixed rails and they are not taken out of the D
factory premises. In that sense when they were placed on rails they can
be said to be placed in position. Merely because there is some movement
it does not dilute the position that they have been installed. Some more
factual details are necessary to be recorded to come to a definite conclusion
as to whether the machineries were installed or not. Further, the
Notification No. 281/86-CE dated 24.4.1986 has a Head Note which E
indicates exemption to excisable goods produced and used within the same
factory or other factory of the same manufacturer for repairs and
maintenance of machinery and does not use the expression "machinery
installed in the factory" while the body of the Notification does it. CEGAT
has not considered this aspect. Therefore, CEGAT is directed to hear the F
matter afresh and record a positive finding on the factual aspects and also
consider the effect of the absence of words "installed in the factory" in
the Head note of the Notification. (467-D; 468-A-DI

Commissioner of Income Tax v. Sri Rama Vilas Service (Pvt.) ltd.,
(1960) 38 ITR 25; Commissioner of Income Tax (Central) Bombay v. Saraspur G
Mills Ltd., (1959) 36 ITR 580; Commissioner of Income Tax v. Mir
Mohammad Ali, AIR (1964) SC 1693 and Sundaram Motors (P) Ltd. v. Cl. T.,
(1969) 71 JTR 587 (Mad), referred to.

Engineering Industry Training Board v. Foster Wheeler John Brown H
Boild Ltd., (1970) 2 All ER 616; State v. Jones, 89 S.E 2d 129, 131, 242
460 SUPREME COURT REPORTS [2005] 2 S.C.R.

A N.C. 568; Smith v. Kappas, 12 S.E.2d 693, 697, 218 N.C. 758; King v: Elliott
147 S.E. 701, 704, 197 N.C. 93; De Merritt v. Forbes Milling Co., 216 P.I086,
114 Kan. 62 and Metzler v. Thye, 124 P.721, 722, 163 Cal.95, referred to.

Black's Law Dictiona1y Fifth Edition; Law Lexicon by TP. Mukherjee
Fifth Edition; Webster's New International English Dictionary; The Shorter
B Oxford Dictionary in English; Fund and Wagnall's New Standard Dictionary;
Law Lexicon by P. Ramanatha Aiyar Second Edition 1997; Corpus Juris
Secundum Vol. XLIV, referred to.

2. Rule 196 of the Central Excise Rules, 1944 deals with a situation
C of withdrawal for a concession. If any concession has been wrongly or
illegally availed Rule 196 permits the proper officer to demand payment
of duty leviable on the concerned goods. Sc:ction l l(A) of the ·central
Excise Act, 1944 on the other hand deals with recovery of dues not levied
or not paid or short levied or short paid or erroneously refu_nded. In the
instant case, the Authorities themselves proceeded on the basis that the
D case is covered under Section 11 A. CEGAT introduced a new case of Rule
196 without affording any opportunity to the assessee to have its say on
this score. The whole issue has been considered bypassing the real issue.
[471-'D-F)
'~ l

3. Even if it is accepted for the sake of arguments that the appellant's
E factory was entitled to exemption under the Notification, the Tribunal did
not consider the crucial question whether the Department can proceed
against the said consignee for not following the procedure under Chapter-
X by failing to account for the goods received from the consignor and if
there was any violation of the terms and conditions of Central Excise
F License No. 6 issued in favour of the consignee, in the proper perspective.
[471:-H; 472-A-"B)

CIVIL APPELLATE JURISDICTION : Civil Appeal No. 5421 of 1999.

From the Judgment and Order dated 8.6.99 of the Central Excise,
G Customs and Gold (Control) Appellate Tribunal, New Delhi in. F.p. No. 120/
99-82 in A. No. E/3082 of 1990-82.

WITH I,

C.A. Nos. 5836/99 and 5209 of 2001.
H A.K. Ganguli, Ravinder Narain, Ms. Sonu Bhatnagar, Ajay Aggarwal
TATA IRON AND STEEL CO. LTD. v. C.C.E. [PASAYAT. .I.] 461

and Rajan Narain for the Appellant. A
Ms.Binu Tamta, A.Subba Rao, P. Parmeswaran and B. Krishna Prasad
for the Respondent.

The Judgment of the Court was delivered by
B
ARIJIT PASA Y AT, J. These three appeals under Section 35L of the
Central Excise Act, 1944 (in short the 'Act') are directed against three separate
orders passed by the Customs, Excise and Gold (control) Appellate Tribunal,
New Delhi (in short the 'CEGA T').

Civil Appeal No. 5421/1999 relates to the issue whether the benefit of C
Notification No. 281/86 dated 24.4.1986 is available to parts of loco wagon
and rolling stock manufactured by the assessee-appellant. It concerns show
cause notices issued in 1987 to Growth Shop at Adityapur, alleging breach
of the tenns and conditions mentioned in the aforesaid Notification. The
notice relates to the consignor i.e. the Growth Shop. The CEGAT's decision
which is impugned in the said appeal is also based on certain findings recorded D
in the CEGAT's order which fonns the subject-matter of challenge in C.A.
No. 5836 of 1999. There also the issue related to the question of eligibility
for benefit of exemption of Notification No. 281 /86 dated 24.4.1986 in respect
of parts of rolling stock manufactured in the appellant's factory (Growth
Shop) at Adityapur and brought to the main steel works at Jamshedpur for E
use in repair and maintenance of transport equipments used for moving the
materials and products within the factory. In the third appeal i.e. C.A. 5209
of 200 I the issue relates to the confirmation of demand of central excise duty
amounting to Rs.44,78,167.02 and imposition of penalty of rupees five lakhs.
Here again, the show cause notices proposing imposition of duty and penalty
were on the basis that the benefit of aforesaid Notification was not available F
to the assessee-appellant. The dispute relates to adjudication for alleged
contravention of procedures contained in Chapter-X by the consignee, namely,
the Main Plant at Jamshedpur. Allegation was that consignee had failed to
intimate the actual use of goods received from the Growth Shop at Adityapur.
The show cause notice is dated 14.5.1991. G
The assessee-appellant had applied for pennission under Rule 192 of
Central Excise Rules, 1944 (in short the 'Rules') for getting parts of loco
engine and rolling stock falling in Chapter 8.6 of the Schedule from the
growth shop without payment of duty claiming the benefit of the aforesaid
Notification. Pennission was refused, as according to the revenue, the products H
462 SUPREME COURT REPORTS [2005] 2 S.C.R.

A were not found to be covered under the provisions of the Notification. Show
cause notices were issued requiring the appellant to show cause as to why the
duty should not be demandedtunder Rules 9(2) and 196(1) of the Rules read
with proviso to Section l l(A)(l) of the Act.

Assessee's stand was that it was fully covered under the Exemption
B Notification. Revenue on the other hand was of the view that the crucial word
u~ed in the Notification was 'installed'. As the goods involved were not
relatable to machinery installed in the factory, the benefit was not available.

The Assistant Collector (hereinafter referred to as the 'Adjudicating
C Authority'), the Collector (Appeals) {hereinafter referred to as the 'First
Appellate Authority') as well as the CEGAT held that the Notification had
no application as the machinery for which the parts were meant had not been
installed in the factory. In the third appeal, the basic issue was whether the
show cause notices were issued beyond the prescribed period of limitation.
Though the show cause notice indicated that the same was issued in terms of
D Section l l(A)(l) (proviso) of the Act, the CEGAT held that it is not Section
l l(A)(I) of the Act which is really relevant but Rule 196 and since no period
of limitation is prescribed therein, the show cause notices were issued within
time.

Mr. A.K. Ganguli, learned senior counsel appearing for the appellant
E submitted that the Notification No. 281186 exempts the excisable products
used for repairs and maintenance of machinery. It does not distinguish between
locomotive and any other machineries and the trucks and other transport
equipments which undisputedly are covered by the expression "machinery",
were exclusively used within the factory for the purpose of carrying raw
F materials, semi finished goods etc. Parts for maintenance of such trucks and
locomotives would. definitely qualify for exemption. It was submitted that
there is no serious dispute raised by the revenue that the trucks and other
transport equipments were machinery. What the revenue has tried to project
is that they were not meant for machinery which was installed. The term
'installation' does not mean that it should be embedded to the earth only, but
G it is used in the sense of introduction or induction. It in essence means to set
up or fix in position for use or service. It was further submitted that the
CEGA T made out a new case relating to applicability of Rule 196 for the
purpose of limitation ignoring the fact that the show cause notice and the
orders of the Adjudicating· Authority and the First Appellate Authority
H proceeded on the basis that the action in terms of Section l IA(I) (proviso)
TATA IRON AND STEEL CO.LTD. v. C.G.E. [PASA VAT. J.] 463

was being taken. The assessee-appellant was, therefore, deprived of presenting A
its case. In addition, to invoke the extended period of limitation something
more than alleging infraction is necessary. There must be an element of mens
rea or wilful disregard. In any event, Rule 196 and Section 11 (A)( I) operate
in different fields which are to be harmonised. Even if it is accepted for the
sake of argument that no period of limitation is indicated in Rule 196, it B
cannot be conceived that the Legislature permitted action after unusually
long period, thereby unsettling the settled position. There was no wilful mis-
statement and in fact the assessee-appellant had disclosed the factual position
in all relevant documents, applications and lists.

In response, learned counsel for the revenue submitted that the revenue C
authorities as well as the CEGA T have clearly held that the parts were in fact
not used for repair or maintenance of machinery installed. Even in the common
parlance the word "installed" means embedded to the earth with no possibility
of movement from one place to another. Therefore, the conclusions cannot
be faulted.
D
So far as the question of limitation is concerned, it is submitted that
both Rule 196 and Section 1 lA(l) operate in different fields. The fact that
in Rule 196 there is no prescribed period of limitation goes to show that the
legislature never intended to restrict the period under which action can be
taken. There was clandestine removal and since the assessee availed
concession, it means that there is short payment or non-levy of the duty. The E
factory i.e. Growth Shop at Adityapur is at a distance of about 8 K.Ms. from
the main steel works situated at Jamshedpur. That being so, there is no
question of any installation and, therefore, the CEGAT rightly denied the
benefit and imposed duty and penalty.
F
The Exemption Notification which is crucial for the first two appeals
reads as follows:

..
· "Exemption to all excisable goods produced and used within the
same factory or other factory of same manufacturer for repairs or
maintenance of machinery. G
In exercise of the powers conferred by sub-rule (I) of Rule 8 of the
Central Excise Rules, 1944, the Central Government hereby exempts
all excisable goods manufactured in a workshop within a factory and
intended for use in the said factory or in any other factory of the
same manufacturer, for repair or maintenance of machinery installed H
464 SUPREME COURT REPORTS [2005] 2 S.C.R.

A therein from the whole of the duty of excise leviable thereon which
is specified in the Schedule to the Central Excise Tariff Act, 1985. (5
of 1986).

Provided that where such use is in a factory of a manufacturer, different
from his factory .where the goods have been manufactured, the
B exemption contained in this notification shall be allowable subject to ·
the observance of the proc~dure set out in Chapter X of the Central
Excise Rules, 1944".

The said Notification has been issued in exercise of powers conferred
by sub-rule (I) of Rule 8 of the Rules. The Notification consists of two parts.
C The first part relates to excisable goods manufactured in a workshop within
the factory and intended for use in the sa'd factory. The second part relates
to use in any other factory of the same manufacturer for repair or maintenance
of machinery installed therein. The expression 'therein' obviously relates to
the other factory of the manufacturer. It is significant to note that heading of
the Notification does not refer to installation aspect while body of the
D Notification does it. In the .instant case, there is no dispute that the goods
were intended to be used for the purpose of repairs or maintenance of
machinery in the other factory of the assessee-appellant. The basic issue,
therefore, is whether these machineries were installed in the factory.

As per Black's Law Dictionary (Fifth Edition), the word 'install' means
E "to place in a seat, give a place to; to set, place, or instate in an .office, rank,
or order, etc. To set up or fix in position for use or service.

As per T.P. Mukherjee's Law Lexicon, Fifth Edition, the word 'installed'
itself has not been statutorily defined. In view of the extended statutory
F definition of the word 'plant' in section I 0(5) of the Income Tax Act, 1922
it seems clear that the word 'installed' in relation to the machinery or plant,
must be construed to mean such installation as that plant is capable of.
(
.,
The meaning of the word "installed" as given in Webster's New
International English Dictionary is ''to set up or fix in position for use or
G service as ·to install a heating or lighting system." The Shorter Oxford
Dictionary in English gives as one of the meanings "to place an apparatus,
a system of lighting, heating, or the like in position for service or use". Much
the same meaning is given in Fund and Wagnall's New Standard Dictionary
"to place in position for service or use as to install hot water system".

H In Commissioner of Income Tax v. Sri Rama Vilas Service (Pvt.) ltd,
TATA fRON AND STEEL CO. LTD. v. C.C.E. [PASA Y AT ..1.J 465

(1960) 38 ITR 25 at 27 it was held, putting aside the examples given in the A
dictionary meaning to explain the scope of the word "installed", that "installed'"
would certainly mean "to place an apparatus in position for service or use".
A bus or a lorry is a plant within the meaning of Section I0(2) (vi-b) of the
Income Tax Act, 1922. Whether, when a bus or a lorry is purchased and is
also put on the road in the course of the business that the assessees carried B

- on, it could be said that the requirement of installation has been satisfied?
That the bus or lorry has been set up for use or service when it is put on the
road seems clear and in that sense buses or lorries were installed. The statutory
test of installation was satisfied by the assessee because such installation as
the buses and lorries were capable or was completed.

The assumption that the expression "installed" must necessarily mean
c
"fixed in position" at the time when the plant is worked or used does not,
seem to be justified. The expression "installed" is also used in the sense of
"inducted or introduced", and if that be the sense in which that expression
is used, there is nothing inconsistent in the context in which that word is used
which will justify in holding that the word "plant" in Section I 0, sub-section b
(2), clause (vi-b) of the Income Tax Act, 1922 was not intended to include
vehicles. [(See Commissioner of Income Tax (Central) Bombay v. Saraspur
Mills Ltd, (1959) 36 ITR 580 at 581)].

- As per P. Ramanatha Aiyar's Law Lexicon, Second Edition 1997, the
expression 'installed' did not necessarily mean 'fixed in position', but was
also used in the sense of 'intended or introduced'. As held in Commissioner
E
of Income Tax v. Mir Mohammad Ali, AIR (1964) SC (1693) at (1697) =
(1964) 53 ITR 165, installed would certainly mean 'to place an apparatus in
position for service or use'. When an engine is fixed in a vehicle it is installed
within the meaning of the expression~ p
The said decision was rendered while interpreting Section I 0(2) of the
Income Tax Act, 1922. The provisions involved were Section 10(2)(vi) and
(via). The issue involved in the said case was whether extra depreciation is
admissible under the provisions of Section 10(2)(vi) and Section 10(2)(via)
of the Act in respect of diesel oil engines fitted to the motor vehicles in G
replacement of the existing engines. It was held that the expression 'installed'
did not necessarily means fix in position but was also used in the sense of
inducted or introduced . .It was also held that 'installed' would necessarily
mean to place an apparatus in position for service or use. It was therefore
. held that when any engine is fixed in a vehicle it is installed with the meaning H
466 SUPREME COURT REPORTS [2005] 2 S.C.R.

A of the expression in clauses (vi) and (via) of Section I0(2) of IT Ad 1922.
If the plant in combination with other appliances in the b.usiness
effectuates and perpetuates, the trade of commerce, then, in relation to such
plant, as defined in Income Tax Act, 196 l "installed' means such induction
or introduction whereby the plant may be placed in a position for service or
B use in the business. (See Sundaram Motors (P) Ltd. v. C.l.T, (1969) 71 JTR
587, 593 (Mad.).
'
The word 'installation' means the bringing of an entire piece of plant
on to a site and putting into position on the site. It doe~ not mean that putting
together of parts, piece by piece, pipe by pipe, bolt by bolt, weld by weld,
C until it gradually becomes one whole. (See Engineering Industry Training
Board v. Foster Wheeler John Brown Boild ltd., [1970) 2 All ER 616, 619
(CA). ,.

As per Corpus Juris Secundum, Vol. XLIV, ,the word 'install' means
D 'generally, to place or set in a seat or give a place to; to set, place, or instate
in an office, rank, or order; to establish one in a place or position.

In Builders' terminology, to set in place, to connect up, and fix ready
for use; and, specifically applied to machinery, the word has a technical
meaning, which is to set up or fix in position for use or service; to place
E machinery in that position where it will reasonably accomplish the purposes
for which it is set up; to set or fix for use or service, as to install a lighting
system.

As applied to machinery, the word has a technical meaning, and refers
to the whole of a system of machines, apparatus, and accessories set up and
F arranged for working, as in electric lighting, transmission of power, etc. In
this sense "installations" may be synonymous with "appliances".

As per Words and Phrases, Permanent Edition, Vol. 21-A the word
'install' means to set up or fix. (See State v. Jones, 89 s.E:2d 129, 131, 242
G N.C. 63).
"Installed" means to set or fix, as a lighting system, for use or service.
(See Smith v. Kappas, 12 S.E.2d 693, 697, 218 N.C. 758).

The word "install" meant to set up or fix in position for use or servic.e.
(See King v. Elliott, 147 S.E. 701, 704, 197 N.C. 93).
H
TATA IRON AND STEEL CO. LTD. v. C.C.E. [PASAYAT, J.] 467

Where a contract for the sale of a cleaning attachment to a steam boiler A
allowed the buyer 60 days after it was installed in which to make a trial of
its effectiveness, installation is held to have been complete when the cleaner
was affixed to the boiler, although by reason of the plant not being operated
no test of it was made until later. (See De Merritt v. Forbes Milling Co., 216
P.1086, 114 Kan. 62).
B
Notwithstanding Civ. Code, pp.1645, 1654, 1656, providing that
technical words in contracts must be interpreted as understood by persons in
the business to which they relate, and that in cases of uncertainty a contract
must be interpreted most strongly against the party causing the uncertainty to
exist, and that all things necessary to carry a contract into effect are implied C
therefrom, a lease, which required the lessee to "install a sidewalk elevator
from the basement to the sidewalk" in front of the premises, does not require
the lessor to prepare the premises·for the installation of the elevator; but the
lessee must provide a suitable lift with the usual accessories connecting the
basement with the sidewalk; the word "install" meaning to set up or fix in
position for use or service. (See Metzler v. Thye, 124 P.721, 722, 163 Cal.95). D
As the words 'install' or 'installed' go to show, much would depend
upon the context in which the expression is used in a particular statute and
no generalisation can be done.

The benefit of the exemption is available under the exemption E
notification if (I) excisable goods are manufactured in a workshop within the
factory; (2) goods are intended to use in the said factory or in any other
factory of the same manufacturer; (3) goods are intended for use for repairs
or maintenance of machinery installed in the other factory; and (4) Chapter
X procedure is followed if goods are used in the factory different from the
factory of production.

The CEGA T in the first two appeals was of the view that the machinery
which is installed has to be placed or put or fix in a position. A locomotive
or rolling stock wagon or bogies are not so placed in position. According'to
the CEGAT the machines may have moved parts and they may move to make G
the machine functional, but such machines themselves do not have to move.
The locomotives and other items involved are moving items and cannot be
said to have been installed in the factory. They must be used in the factory
for moving or carrying the materials. It was held that the Notification applied
to machinery installed in the factory and not to the machinery used in the
~~ H
468 SUPREME COURT REPORTS [2005] 2 S.C.R.

A As noted above, the expression has to be read in the context of the
statute keeping in view the factual position. It was submitted by learned
counsel for the assessee-appellant that the wagon and the trucks which were
quite heavy are used in the factory premises on fixed rails and they. are not
taken out of the factory premises. In that sense when they were placed on
B rails they can be said to be placed in position. Merely because there is some
movement it does not dilute the position that they have been installed. We
feel some more factual details are necessary to be recorded in this regard to
come to a definite conclusion as to whether the machineries were installed or
not. Further, the Notification No. 281 /86-CE dated 24.4.1986 has a Head
Note which has been quoted above. It indicates exemption to excisable goods
C produced and used within the factory for repairs and maintenance of
machinery. It does not use the expression "machinery installed in the factory".
This aspect has not been considered by the CEGA T. Therefore, it would be
appropriate for the CEGA T to hear the matter afresh and record a positive
finding on the factual aspects, keeping in view the decision in Mir
Mohammad's case (supra) and the definitions noted above. It shall also
D consider the effect of the absence of words "installed in the factory" in the
Head note of the Notification. We make it clear that we have not expressed
any opinion on the factual aspects of the case.

The residual question is, even if it is held that the benefit under the
E Exemption Notification is not available whether the notices issued can be
said to be within the period of limitation. Undisputedly, the Adjudicating
Authority and the First Appellate Authority proceeded on the basis as if
Section I I A(I) was applicable to the facts of the case. The CEGA T on the
other hand was of the view that there was no warrant to impose limitation
under Section I I A( I) of the Act for raising a demand under Rule 196. That
F is the subject-matter of dispute in Civil Appeal No. 5209 of 200 l.

This issue needs to be carefully considered. Rules I 92, 196 and Section
11 A(I) as they stood at the relevant point of time read as follows:

"Rule I 92- Application for concession - Where the Central Government
G has, by notification under rule 8, or section SA of the Act, as the case
may be, sanctioned the remission of duty on excisable goods other
than salt, used in a specified industrial process, any person wishing
to obtain remission of duty on such goods, shall make application to
the Commissioner in the proper fonn stating the estimated annual
quantity of the excisable goods required and the purpose for and the
H
TATA IRON AND STEEL CO.LTD. v. C.C.E. (PASA YAT ..l.J 469

manner in which it is intended to use them and declaring that the A
goods will be used for such purpose and in such manner. If the
Commissioner is satisfied that the applicant is a person to whom the
concession can be granted without danger to the revenue, and if he
is satisfied, either by personal inspection or by that of an officer
subordinate to him that the premises are suitable and contain a secure B

- store room suitable for the storage of the goods, and if the applicant
agrees to bear the cost of such establishment as the Commissioner
may consider necessary for supervising operation in his premises for
the purposes of this Chapter, the Commissioner may grant the
application, and the applicant shall then enter into a bond in the
proper form with such surety or sufficient security in such amount C
and under such conditions as the Commissioner approves. Where for
this purpose, it is necessary for the applicant to obtain an Excise
registration certificate, he shall submit the requisite application along
with the proof for payment of registration fee and shall then be granted
a registration certificate in the proper form. The concession shall
unless renewed by the Commissioner cease on the expiry of the D
registration certificate.

Provided that, in the event of death, insolvency or insufficiency
of the surety, or where the amount of the bond is inadequate, the
Commissioner may, in his discretion, demand a fresh bond; and may,
ifthe security furnished for a bond is not adequate, demand additional E
security.

Rule 196- Duty leviable on excisable goods not du~v accounted
for- (I) If any excisable goods obtained under Rule 192 are not duly
accounted for as having been used for the purpose and in the manner F
in the application or are not shown to the satisfaction of the proper
officer to have been lost or destroyed by natural causes or by
unavoidable accident during transport from the place of procurement
to the applicant's premises or during handling or storage in the
premises approved under rule 192, the applicant shall, on demand by
the proper officer, immediately pay the duty leviable on such goods. G
The concession may at any time be withdrawn by the Commissioner
if a breach of these rules is committed by the applicant, his agent or
any person employed by him. In the event of such a breach, the
Commissioner may also order the forfeiture of the security deposited
under rule 192 and may also confiscate the excisable goods, and all H
470 SUPREME COURT REPORTS (2005] 2 S.C.R.

A goods manufactured from such goods, in store at the factory.

(2) Where the duty becomes chargeable in terms .of sub-rule (I)
on any excisable goods, the rate of duty and the tariff valuation, if
any, applicable to such goods shall be the rate and valuation in force-

(i) in the case of actual removal of goods from the
B
premises, on the date of·such removal;
(ii) in the case of loss ofgoods in transit during transport
from the place of procurement to the applicant's premises, on
the date on which the goods are received in the applicant's
-
premises;
c
(iii) in the case of .goods while in storage ,or during
handling in the premises approved under rule 192, on the date on
which such· Joss is discovered ;by the proper officer or made
known to him;

D (iv) in all other cases, on the date on which :the notice
for demand of duty is issued or on the date on .which duty is
paid, whichever is earlier.

l lA(l): Recovery of duties not levied or not paid or short-levied or
short-paid or erroneously refunded - (I) When any duty of excise has
E not been levied or paid or has ·been sh.ort-levied or short-paid or
erroneously refunded, a Central Excise Officer may, "within six months
from the relevant date, serve notice on the person chargeable with the
duty which has not been levied or paid or which has been short-
Ievied or short-paid or to whom the refund has erroneously been
made, requiring him to show cause why he should not pay the amount
F specified in the notice:

Provided that where any duty of excise has not been levied or paid
· or has been short-levied or short-paid or erroneously refunded by
reason of fraud, collusion or any willful·mis-statement or suppression
of facts, or contravention of any of the provisions of this Act or of
G the rules made thereunder with intent to evade payment of duty, by
such person or his agent, the provisions of this sub-section shall have
effect, for the words "six months" the words "five _years" were
substituted.

Explanation·- Where the service of the notice is stayed by an order
H
~
I
-- TATA IRON AND STEEL CO. LTD. v. C.C.E. [PASAYAT. J.J 471

of a court, the period of such stay shall be excluded in computing the A
aforesaid period of six months or five years, as the case may be."

As the heading of the Rule 196 itself goes to show it relates to duty
leviable on excisable goods not duly accounted for. Rule 192 speaks of
application for concession. Rule 196 provides that if any excisable goods
obtained under Rule 192 are not duly accounted for as having been used for B
the purpose and in the manner stated in the application or are not shown to
the satisfaction of the proper officer to h.ave been lost or destroyed by natural
causes or by unavoidable accident during transport from the place of
procurement to the applicant's premises or during handling or storage in the
premises approved under Rule 192, the applicant shall on demand by the C
proper officer immediately pay the duty leviable on such goods. It further
provides that the concession may be withdrawn if a breach of the rules is
committed by the applicant, his agent or any person employed by him. In the
event of such breach, power is given for forfeiture of the security deposited
under Rule 192 and for confiscation of the excisable goods and all goods
manufactured from such goods in store at the factory. In other words, Rule D
196 deals with a situation of withdrawal for a concession. If any concession
has been wrongly or illegally availed Rule 196 permits the proper officer to
demand payment of duty leviable on the concerned goods.

Section l l(A) on the other hand deals with recovery of dues not levied
or not paid or short levied or short paid or erroneously refunded. E
· In the instant case, the authorities themselves proceeded on the basis
that the case is covered under Section 11 A. The CEGA T introduced a new
case of Rule 196 without affording any opportunity to the assessee to have
its say on this score.
F
We find that the whole issue has been considered bypassing the real
issue. The show cause notice refers to adjudication for contravention of
Chapter-X procedure by the Main Plant at Jamshedpur (hereafter referred to
as the 'consignee'). According to the show cause notice, the said consignee
had failed to intimate the actual use of goods received from Growth Shop, G
Adityapur.

It has to be noted that the show cause notices of 1987 dealt with breach
of Exemption Notification by the consignor whereas the show cause notice
dated 14.5.1991 dealt with breach of terms and conditions of license issued
in favour of the said consignee who failed to intimate the actual use of the H
472 SUPREME COURT REPORTS [2005] 2 S.C.R.

·A inputs in question. Even if it is accepted for the sake:: of arguments that
-
Growth Shop was entitled to exemption under the above Notification, the
crucial question is whether the Department can proceed against the said
consignee for not following the procedure under Chapter-X if there was any
violation of the terms and conditions of Central Excise License No. 6 issued
in favour of the Main Plant. This crucial issue has not been considered in the
B proper perspective by CEGAT. The basic question is whether the Main Plant,
Jamshedpur failed to account for the goods received from Growth Shop,
Adityapur.

The matter is remanded to CEGA T for fresh adjudication keeping in
C view the legal position indicated supra.

The appeals are disposed of accordingly with no order as to costs.

N.J. Appeals dispos~d of.

' '