THE STATE OF PUNJABversusSARWAN SINGH

A                          THE STATE OF PUNJAB
                                         ~                                         ,..
                                SAR WAN SINGH

                             NOVEMBER 19, 1996

B              [K. RAMASWAMY AND G.B. PATTANAIK, JJ.]

         Indian Penal Code, 1860 :

          Ss. 300, 302 and 304-Group fight-Members ofboth groups sustained
    injuries-One member died as a result of multiple injuries caused by
C   respondent with gandasa-Trial Court and High Court found that four
    injuries inflicted by respondent were responsible for death of victim, but,
    applying Exception(4) to s. 300. Convicted respondent u!s. 304-Held, in
    view offour injuries inflicted on the head of deceased by respondent with
    gandasa, it is obvious that respondent had knowledge that the injuries
    would result i1• death of victim-Respondent had taken undue advantage
D   and acted in a cruel manner-Conviction by courts below        u/s. 304 set
    aside-Respondent convicted u/s. 302 and sentenced to imprisoment for
    life.

         CRIMINAL APPELLATE JURISDICTION : Criminal Appeal No.
E 1977of1996.
         From the Judgment and Order dated 2.4.92 of the Punjab & Haryana
    High Court in Crl. A. No. 253 of 1992

         Ranbir Yadav, for R.S. Suri for the Appellant.
F
          B.B. Vashisht and P. Narasimhan for the Respondent.

         The following Order of the Court was delivered :

          Leave granted.
G
          We have heard learned counsel on both sides.

         This appeal by special leave relates to nature of the offence committed
    by him.

H        The admitted position is that on October 25, 1985 at about 6 a.m. in
                                       826
                    STATE OF PB. v. SARWANSINGH                         827


village Kanlon within the jurisdiction of the Police Station Navashahr,        A
one Santokh Singh and his party and the respondents and their party had a
dispute on land. They indulged in quarrel as a result of which Sartokh
Singh died. The courts below recorded a finding that the occurrence had
taken place at 6.00 p.m. in which both the parties sustained injuries. The
deceased Santokh Singh died. The courts below recorded a finding that
the occurrence had taken place at 6.00 p.m. in which both the parties          B
sustained injuries. The deceased Santokh Singh received as many as 8
injuries five of which were on the head. As per the evidence of PW-2, the
autopsy doctor, he died of the multiple injuries on the head. The injuries
were inflicted with a gandasa. According to PW-2, those injuries are
sufficient to cause death in the ordinary course of nature. Therefore, it is
clearly a case under clause thirdly of Section 300, !PC and of murder          C
punishable under Section 302, !PC unless the case is brought in any one of
the exceptions engrafted is Section 300 !PC. The trial Court and the
appellate Court have applied Exception (4) to Section 300 which reads as
under :

             "Culpable homicide is not murder if it is committed without       D
             premeditation in a sudden fight in the heat of passion upon a
             sudden quarrel and without the offender's having taken undue
             advantage or acted in a cruel or unusual manner."

       In this case, the courts below found that the four injuries inflicted by E
the respondent Sarwan Singh were responsible for the death of the deceased.
It is seen that when Sarwan Singh had inflicted four injuries on the head
with gandasa which is a heavy weapon, it is obvious that he had the
knowledge that the injuries would result in death of the deceased. It is
true that there was a free fight in which both the parties including the
accused sustained injuries. Obviously, therefore, Section 149 !PC was not F
rightly applied and this Court refused leave as against the acquittal of
others. However, the respondent cannot escape the offence. The parties
had to fight over dispute of land. It is not the case of the accused that he
had acted in self-defence of him or others and in exercise thereof, he
inflicted the injuries. Therefore, the right of private defence has not been G
rightly applied and was not extended to the accused. Under these
circumstances, the only question that arises is: whether the respondent had
inflicted injuries without undue advantage and acted in a cruel or unusual
manner? When the respondent had inflicted four injuries with a gandasa
on the head, it is implicit that he had taken undue advantage and acted in
a cruel or unusual manner in inflicting four heavy blows on the head H
    828                     SllPREMECOURT REPORTS [1996] SUPP. 8 S.C.R


A   resulting in death ofSantokh Singh. Under these circumstances, the learned
    Sessions Judge as well as the High Court have committed grave error of
    law in applying Exception 4 to Section 300 IPC and giving the respondent
    the benefit holding it to be an offence of~ulpable homicide. The conviction
    by the Courts below under Section 304 !PC, Part I, therefore, is set aside.
    The offence is one of murder punishable under Section 302 !PC and
B   accordingly, the respondent is convicted of the offence and is sentenced to
    undergo imprisonment for life under Section 302 IPC.

           The appeal is accordingly allowed.

    R.P.                                                     Appeal allowed.