THE SECRETARY, MINISTRY OF WORKS AND HOUSING, GOVERNMENT OF INDIA AND ORS.versusSH. MOHINDER SINGH JAGDEV AND ORS.

A      THE SECRETARY, MINISTRY OF WORKS AND HOUSING,
                GOVERNMENT OF INDIA AND ORS.
                             v.
             SH. MOHINDER SINGH JAGDEV AND ORS.

                                 AUGUST 16, 1996
B
                (K. RAMASWAMY AND G.B. PATTANAIK, JJ.)

          Limitation Ac~ 1963 : Section 3 Article 58.

C         Central Govemmellt (Temporary) SeTVice Rules, 1949 : Rule 5.

           Suit against temzin'i,tion of seTVice-Limitation period for-CPWD-
    Section Officer-Appointment obtained by producing false certificates-Initia-
    tion of cn·minal proceedings-Tennination under Rule 5 on 10.9.1957-Ac-
    quittal by Trial Court-Representation for reinstatement rejected by
D   Govemmenr-Suit for declaration filed on 13th August 1965-As the suit was
    not filed within 3 years from the date of dismissal Trial Judge dismissed the
    same as time ba"ed-Division Bench of the High Court holding that suit was
    not time barred as the same was filed after rejection of his application for
    reinstatement and consequent to the acquittal by the criminal court on
E   8.5.1964-Appeal by State-Held Article 58 envisages that to obtain "any
    other" declaration the limitation of three years begins to run from <he period
    when the right to sue ''first accrues''-The right to.sue had first accrued to the
    respondent's seTVices came to be tenninated'-On expiry of three years from
    the date of dismissal of the respondent from seTVice, the respondent had lost
F   his right to sue for declaration-Held suit filed by respondent held time
    barred.
                                                                                        '

          State of Punjab & Ors. v. Gurdev Singh, JT (1991) 3 SC 465, relied on.

          Babula/ v. State of Haryana & Ors., [1991] 2 SCC 335 and State of
G   M.P. v. Syed Qamaral/~ (1967) SLR 228, held Inapplicable.

          Constitution of India, 1950 : Articles 77 and 300.

          Suit against Union of India-Decree-Appeal prefmed by Secretary of
    the Ministry concerned-Held the appeal was competently laid-Cause title
H   as Secretary instead of Union of India is not conclusive.
                                        736
     SECY., MIN. OF WORKS AND HSG. v. MO HINDER SINGH JAGDEV 737

        Code of Civil Procedure, 1908 : Sectio11 79 read with Order 27 Rule A
[.


      Article 136-Special Leave Petitio11-Delay i11 fi/ing-Cowisel who ap-
peared in High Cowt for Union of India se11ding the record to Govemment
after expiry of period of /imitation-Delay in prefening petition in such
circumstances held properly explained-Delay does not debar to consider the   B
matter on menits.

        CIVIL APPELLATE JURISDICTION: Civil Appeal No. 11378 of
1996.

      From the Judgment and Order dated 22.3.94 of the Delhi High Court      C
in R.F.A. (OS) No. 27 of 1994.

        Ms. Binu Tamta and Ms. Sushma Suri for the Appellants.

     Keshav Dayal, S.N. Aggarwal, P.D. Sharma and H.K. Puri for the          D
Respondents.

        The following Order of the Court was delivered :

        Leave granted. We have heard learned counsel on both sides.

       This appeal by special leave arises from the judgment and order E
dated March 22, 1994 made by the Division Bench of the Delhi High Court
in RFA (OS) No. 27/94. The admitted facts are that the respondent came
to be appointed on March 7, 1956 as Section Officer in the Central Public
Works Department. Thereafter, the Executive Engineer discovered on
October 6, 1956 that he had the appointment on producing false certifi- F
cates. Consequently, a report was laid under Section 420, 468 and 127,
Indian Penal Code and he was kept under suspension. Independent there-
of, exercising the power under Rule 5 of the Central Government Services
(Temporary) Service Rules 1949, his services were terminated by order
dated September 10, 1957. The respondent after his acquittal by the
criminal court laid the suit in Jonna pauperis on August 13, 1965 seeking G
declaration that the termination of his service was wrong, unconstitutional,
that he should be deemed to have continued in service and that he was
entitled to Rs. 84,000 by way of salary and damages by way of expenses
incurred by him to defend the criminal cases etc. The trial Judge (single
Judge of the High Court) by his judgment dated March 22, 1994, though H
    738                  SUPREME COURT REPORTS [1996] SUPP. 4 S.C.R.

A held that the termination order was unconstitutional, since he was ter-
    minated without compliance of Article 311(2) of the Constitution, dis-
    missed the suit as barred by limitation. On appeal, the Division Bench h,eld
    that the suit was not barred by limitation for the reason that he had laid
    the suit after the rejection of his appiication for reinstatement and conse-
B   quent to the acquittal by the criminal court on May 8, 1964 and that,
    therefore, it was within limitation. The suit was decreed.

           Ms. Binu Tamta, learned counsel for the Union of India, contended
    that the Division Bench has committed grievous error or law in decreeing
    the suit. According to the learned counsel, cause of action for the suit had ·
C   arisen on September 10, 1957; the limitation for the declaration of the suit
    is 3 years from the date of the dismissal. Since the suit was filed on August
    13, 1965, it was clearly barred by limitation. In support thereof she placed
    reliance on a decision of this Court in State of Punjab & 01~. v. Gurdev
    Singh, JT (1991) 3 SC 465. The learned counsel also contended that this is
D   not a case of dismissal on the basis of misconduct and criminal charge but
    is independent thereof and that, therefore, the acquittal does not furnish
    by cause of action to lay the suit as emphasised by the respondent-plaintiff.
    The High Court was wrong in laying emphasis in that behalf.

          Shri Keshav Dayal, learned senior counsel for the respondent, on the
E   other hand, contended that the order of suspension does indicate that the
    respondent was kept under suspension pending criminal proceedings; he
    was ultimately acquitted. Thereafter, he made a representation for
    reinstatement; on its rejection, the suit came to be laid and, therefore, the
    suit was not barred by limitation. In support thereof he placed reliance on      .,
F   two judgments of this Court, viz., Babula/ v. State of Haryana & Ors., [1991]
    2 SCC 335 and State of M.P. v. Syed Qamarali, (1967) SLR 228. He also
    contended that the appeal was incompetent since the respondent had
    impleaded the Union of India as the first party-defendant and the ag-
    grieved person would be only the Union of India and not the Secretary.
    The Special Leave Petition also was barred by limitation. He also contends
G   that on the peculiar facts and circumstances, since the respondent was
    under suspension right from 1957 and he had the relief from the Division
    Bench in 1994 with all consequential benefits, it may not warrant inter-
    ference under Article 136 of the Constitution.

H         Having given due consideration to the contentions of the counsel and
   SECY., MIN. OF WORKS AND HSG. v. MO HINDER SINGH JAGDEV 739

having gone through the facts and circumstances of the case, first question A
that arises is : whether the appeal has been competently laid? It is not
disputed and cannot he disputed that the Union of India can lay the suit
and be sued _under Article 300 of the Constitution in relation to its affairs.
Under Section 79 read with Order 27 Rule 1, Code of Civil Procedure, in
a suit, by or against the Central Government, the authority to be named as B
plaintiff/defendant shall be Union of India. The Secretary, Ministry of
Works and Housing is a limb of the Union of India transacting its functions
on behalf of the Government under the concerned Department as per the
business rules framed under Article 77 of the Constitution. Therefore, the
appeal came to be filed by the Secretary, though wrongly described. The
nomenclature given in the title as Secretary instead of Union of India, is C
not conclusive. The meat of the matter is that the Secretary representing
the Government of India had filed the appeal obviously on behalf of Union
of India. Accordingly, we reject the first contention.

       The question then is : whether the delay has been properly explained D
in filing the special leave petition. The appellants have sufficiently stated
the circumstances in which they came to file the special leave petition after
the expiry of limitation. It is not in dispute that the counsel who appeared·
for the Union of India in the High Court had sent his record and intimation
of the result after the expiry of limitation. Therefore, the blame has to be
laid on the counsel who was irresponsible in not informing the Govern- E
ment, after the appeal was allowed by the High Court. The Government
acts only through its officers at diverse stage. The advocate who appeared
for the Union of India had forsaken his responsibility without informing
the Government of the action to be taken on the result of the decision given
of the High Court. Admittedly, after the receipt of the copy of the judg- F
ment from the advocate on September 1, 1994 several steps have been
taken till filing the special leave petition on 23.1.1995. Proper explanation
for 217 days has accordingly been given in the affidavit filed in support of
the SLP. We find that the explanation offered by the appellant is well
acceptable and is accepted. Accordingly, the delay is not in our view a bar
to consider the matter on merits. Accordingly, the delay is condoned.         G

      The crucial question is : whether the suit is barred by limitation?
Section 3 of the limitation Act, 1963 (for short, the "Act") postulates that
the limitation can be pleaded. If any proceedings have been laid after the
expiry of the period of limitation, the court is bound to take note thereof H
    740                   SUPREME COURT REPORTS [1996] SUPP. 4 S.C.R.

A   and grant appropriate relief and has to dismiss the suit, if it is barred by
    limitation. In this case, the relief in the plaint, as stated earlier, is one of
    declaration. The declaration is clearly governed by Article 58 of the
    Schedule to the Act which envisages that to obtain "any other" declaration
    the limitation of three years begins to run from the period when the right
    to sue "first accrues". The right to sue had first accrued to the respondent
B
    on September 10, 1957 when the respondent's services came to be ter-
    minated. Once limitation starts running, until its running of limitation has
    been ·stopped by an order of the competent civil court or any other
    competent authority, it cannot stop. On expiry of three years from the date
    of dismissal of the respondent from service, the respondent had lost his
c   right to sue for the above declaration.

          The contention of Shri Keshav Dayal is that the order of suspension
    has been made pending investigation into the offence. It would contemplate
    that respondent has got a right to take action consequent to the result of
D   the criminal case. Since he was acquitted of the charge on May 8, 1964
    cause of action had on that day, first arisen to the respondent. We find no
    force in the contention. Three courses are open to the employer. Firstly to
    take action in terms of the order of appointments secondly, according to
    the conduct rules; and thirdly as a result of criminal case. In this case, the
    employer had exercised the first option, namely, termination of service in
E   terms of order of appointment.

         Rule 5 of the Rules contemplates that services can be terminated in
  terms of appointment. The terms of appointment clearly mentions that it
  can be terminated at any time without notice. Under those circumstances,
F the termination is in exercise of the statutory power under Rule 5 of the
  Rules. The decision of this Court in Babu/a/'a case (supra) has no applica-
  tion in this case. Therein, the foundation of cause of action was the
  misconduct punishable under Section 420, !PC. Having been suspended
  and dismissed from service for these misconduct, after acquittal he had
G filed the suit within the limitation. Therefore, the ratio therein is clearly
  inapplicable to the facts in the case. Equally, the decision of the Constitu-
  tion Bench in Syed Qamarali's case (supra) is inapplicable. Therein, the
  suit was filed for declaration that he was wrongfully dismissed. Therefore,
  the dismissal order was the foundation for cause of action. After dismissal
  of the Departmental's appeal he laid the suit. Accordingly, the suit came
H to be filed within limitation. It was held that once the dismissal order was
   SECY., MIN. OF WORKS AND HSG. v. MOHJNDER SINGH JAG DEV 741

found to be unconstitutional in eye of law, there is no valid order of A
termination. As proposition of law, there cannot by any dispute in that
behalf. But the question is : whether the above ratio is applicable to the
facts in this case. As already stated, the employer is entitled to terminate
the services of its employee in terms of the order of appointment which
confers power to take action in terms thereof. As seen, Rule 5 of the Rules
                                                                             B
clearly gives power to terminate the services of the temporary servant in
terms of the order of appointment. Until the temporary service matures
into a permanent, he has no right to the post. At any point of time before
that right accrues, it is open to the employer to terminate the service in
terms of the order of appointment. This question was elaborately con-
sidered by a Bench of three. Judges of this Court in Gurdev Singh's case C
(supra). We respectfully agree with the ratio therein. The High Court
wrongly applied the principle of dismissal followed by conviction for mis-
conduct and acquittal thereof.

      The appeal is accordingly allowed and the judgment and order of the
Division Bench is set aside, but, in the circumstances, without costs.      D
T.N.A.                                                    Appeal allowed.