THE SECRETARY AND COMMISSIONER, HOME DEPARTMENT AND ORS.versusR. KIRUBAKARAN

A                THE SECRETARY AND COMMISSIONER,
                    HOME DEPARTMENT AND ORS.
                                 v.
                          R. KIRUBAKARAN

                               SEPTEMBER 21, 1993
B
                     (A.M. AHMADI AND N.P. SINGH, JJ.)

          Service Law: Tamil Nadu Service Manual.

C           Rule 49(b )-Date of birth-Alteration of-Claim not to be entertained
    after five years of entry into service-fmpact of alteration---Chain reaction and
    uncertainity in promotion of Juniors-Growing tendency to make such claims
    just before superannuation---Courts to be cautious.

          The respondent joined service in the year 1958. According to the date
D   of birth recorded in his service register, he was to superannuate on
    8.8.1992. On 6.8.1991, he filed an application before the Tribunal for
    altering his date of birth as 9.8.1936, in place of 9.8.1934 recorded in his
    service register. The application was rejected but an option was given to
    the respondent to approach the Government under the appropriate service
E   rules. Accordingly, he made a representation to the authorities and it was
    rejected. Thereafter, the respondent filed an application before the
    Tribunal, for alteration of his date of birth. The Tribunal passed an
    interim order directing the appellants to allow the respondent to continue
    in service. Ultimately, the Tribunal held that the date of birth of the
    respondent was 9.8.1936, and not 9.8.1934.
F
          Being aggrieved by the Tribunal's decision, the State Government
    preferred the present appeal.

          Allowing the appeal, this Court
G         HELD : 1.1 Most of the States have framed statutory rules or in
    abs~nce thereof issued administrative instructions as to how a claim made
    by a public servant in respect of correction of his date of birth in the
    service record is to be dealt with and what procedure is to be followed. In
    many such rules a period has been prescribed within which an application
H   for alteration of date of birth could be entertained. The sole object of such
                                         376
              SECRETARY HOME DEPTT. v. KIRUBAKARAN                         377

 rules had been that a claim for alteration of date of birth should not be       A
 made or entertained after decades, especially on the eve of superannuation
 of such public servant. [379-G-H]

        1.2. An application for correction of the date of birth should not be
 dealt witl. by the Tribunal or the High Court keeping in view only the public
 servant concerned. Any such direction for correction of the date of birth of B
 the public servant concerned has a chain reaction, inasmuch as others
 waiting for years, below him for their respective promotions are affected in
 this process. Some are likely to suffer irreparable injury, inasmuch as, the
 officers who are below him in seniority waiting for their promotion, may lose
 the promotion for ever. Cases are not unknown when a person accepts             c
 appointment keeping in view the date of retirement of his immediate senior.
 This is an important aspect, which cannot be lost sight of by the Court or
 the Tribunal while examining the grievance of a public servant in respect of
 correction of his date of birth. Unless a clear case on the basis of materials
 which can be held to be conclusive in nature, is made out by the applicant, D
 the Court or the Tribunal should not issue a direction, on the basis of
 materials, which make such claim only plausible. [381-C-FJ

      State of Assam v. Daksha Prasad Deka, (1970] 3 S.C.C. 624; Govern-
 ment of Andhra Pradesh v. M. Hayagreev Sa1ma, (1990] 2 S.C.C. 682,
 Executive Engineer v. Rangadhar Malik, (1993] Supp. 1 S.C.C. 763 and            E
 Union of India v. Hamam Singh, [1993] 2 S.C.C. 162, relied on

         2. Clause (b) of Rule 49 of the T<1mil Nadu Service Manual, provides
  that after a person has entered service, an application to alter the date of
  his birth as entered in the official records should be entertained only if such F
  an application was made within five years of such entryJn service. Normally,
  in most of the services, the date of birth is recorded in the service records
  on the eve of the appointment with reference to the date of birth mentioned
· in the Matriculation Certificate, Higher Secondary Education Board Cer-
  tificate or any other certificate of similar nature produced by the applicant
  concerned at the time of making application for his appointment. As such G
  whenever an application for alteration of the date of birth is made on the eve
  of superannuation or near about that time, the Court or the Tribunal
  concerned should be more cautious because of the growing tendency
  amongst a section. of public servants, to raise such a dispute, without
  explaining as to why this question was not raised earlier. [383-E-H]            H
    378                   SUPREME COURT REPORTS (1993) SUPP. 2 S.C.R.

A         3.1. In the instant case, admittedly the respondent entered the service
    as early as in the year 1958. He never questioned the entry in respect of
    his date of birth in his service register, till he filed an application before
    the Tribunal, only about a year before his date of superannuation. (382-D]

          3.2. Though the Tribunal observed that the different dates of birth
B of the brothers of the respondent, indicated that there was a great deal of
    confusion and incongruities regarding dates of birth of the various mem-
    bers of the applicant's family, still on basis of the report of the Revenue
    Divisional Officer, submitted after oral enquiry made from different per-
    sons, including the mother of the respondent, the Tribunal reached the
C   conclusion, that the date of birth of the respondent was 9.8.1936 and not
    9.8.1934. If the date of birth of a public servant, is corrected only on the
    basis of a report submitted by a Revenue Officer after holding an enquiry,
    it will introduce uncertainty in public services. [382-F-H, 383-A]

          CIVIL APPELLATE JURISDICTION: Civil Appeal No. 5076 of
D 1993.
        From the Judgment and Order dated 3.11.1992 of the Tamil Nadu
    Administrative Tribunal, Madras, in 0.A. No. 2109 of 1992.

          A. Mariaputham, Ms. Aruna Mathur and P.R. Seetharaman for the
E Appellants.
         Ms. Sona Khan, Aman Vachher, Arvind Verma and S.K. Mehta for
    the Respondent.

          The Judgment of the Court was delivered by
F
          N.P. SINGH, J. Leave granted.

          This appeal is on behalf of the Commissioner, Home Department,
    and the Director General of Police of Tamil Nadu, for setting aside an
G   order dated November 3, 1992 passed by the Tamil Nadu Administrative
    Tribunal (hereinafter referred to as "the Tribunal") directing the alteration
    of the date of birth of the respondent in the service records.

          In the year 1958, the respondent entered in the police service as
     Sub-Inspector of Police. In due course, he was promoted to the posts of
H    Inspector of Police Deputy Superintendent of Police and Additional Su-·
     SECRETARYHOMEDEPTI. v. KIRUBAKARAN [N.P.SINGH,J.]                  37':J

 perintendent of Police. According to the date of birth recorded in his         A
service register, he was to superannuate on 8.8.1992. On 6.8.1991, the said
respond~nt filed an application before the Tribunal for an order to alter
his date of birth recorded as 9.8.1934 to 9.8.1936. That application was
rejected giving an option to the respondent to approach the Government
under the appropriate service rules. A representation to that effect was        B
made, which was rejected on 2.4.1992 and copy of the said order communi-
cated by the Director General of Police. Thereafter, an application was
filed before the Tribunal, making prayer for a direction to alter the date
of his birth. On 9.9.1992 the Tribunal passed an interim order directing the
appellants to allow the respondent to continue. Ultimately, by the im-
pugned order, the Tribunal recorded a finding that the date of birth of the
                                                                                c
respondent was 9.8.1936 and he shall superannuate with reference to that
date.

       Normally, in public service, with entering into the service, even the
 date of exit, which is said as date of superannuation or retirement, is also D
fixed. That is why the date of birth is recorded in the relevant register or
service book, relating to the individual concerned. This is the practice
prevalent in all services, because every services has fJXed the age of retire-
ment and for calculating the date of retirement, it is necessary to maintam
the date of birth in the service records. But, of late a trend can be noticed, E
that many public servants, on the eve of their retirement raise a dispute
about their dates of birth recorded in the service records, by either invoking
the jurisdiction of the High Courts under Article 226 of the Constitution
or by filing applications before the concerned Administrative Tribunals, for
adjudication as to whether the dates of birth recorded were correct or not.
                                                                                F
      Most of the states have framed statutory rules or in absence thereof
issued administrative instructions as to how a claim made by a public
servant in respect of correction of his date of birth in the service record is
to be dealt with and what procedure is to be followed. In many such rules
a period has been prescribed within which if any public servant makes any G
grievance in respect of error in the recording of his date of birth, the
application for that purpose can be entertained. The sole object of such
rules being that any such claim regarding correction, of the date of birth
should not be made or entertained after decades, especially on the eve of
superannuation of such public servant. In the case of State of Assam v. H
     380                   SUPREME COURT REPORTS (1993] SUPP. 2 S.C.R.

A Daksha Prasad Deka, (1970] 3 SCC 624, this Court said that the date of the
     compulsory re rement "must in our judgment, be determined on the basis
     of the service ·ecord and not on what the respondent claimed to be his
     date of birth, l.nless the service record is first corrected consistently with
     the appropriate procedure." This Court in the case of Govemment of
B    Andhra Pradesh v. M. Hayagreev Sanna, (1990] 2 SCC 682, had occasion to
     examine A.P. Public Employment (Recording and Alteration of Date of
     Birth} Rules, 1984. The public servant concerned had claimed correction
     of his date of birth with reference to the births and deaths register main-
     tained under the Births, Deaths and Marriages Registration Act, 1886. The
     Andhra Pradesh Administrative Tribunal corrected the date of birth as
c    claimed by the petitioner before the Tribunal, in view of the entry in the
     births and deaths register ignoring the rules framed by the State Govern-
     ment referred to above. This Court said :

              "The object underlying Rule 4 is to avoid repeated applications by
              a government employee for the correction of his date of birth and
D
              with that end in view it provides that a government servant whose
              date of birth may have been recorded in the service register in
              accordance with the rules applicable to him and if that entry had
              become final under the rules prior to the commencement of 1984
              Rules, he will not be entitled for alteration of his date of birth."
E
     In the case of Executive Engineer v. Rangadhar Malik, (1993) Supp. 1 SCC
     763, Rule 65 of the Orissa General Finance Rules, was examined which
     provides that representation made for correction of date of birth near
     about the time of superannuation shall not be entertained. The respondent
F    in that case was appointed on November 16, 1968. On September 9, 1986,
     for the first time, he made a representation for changing his date of birth
     in his service register. The Tribunal issued a direction as sought for by the
     respondent. This Court set aside the Order of the Tribunal saying that the
     claim of the respondent that his date of birth was November 27, 1938
G    instead of November 27, 1928 should not have been accepted on basis of
     the documents produced in support of the said claim, because the date of
     birth was recorded as per document produced by the said respondent at
      the time of his appointment and he had also put his signature in the service
     roll accepting his date of birth as November 27, 1928. The said respondent
 H    did not take any step nor made any representation for correcting his date
    SECRETARY HOME DEPTT. v. KIRUBAKARAN [N.P. SINGH, J.]                 381

of birth till September 9, 1986. Recently, in the case of Union of India v.      A
Hamam Singh, [1993) 2 SCC 162, it was said :

        "A Government servant who has declared his age at the initial stage
        of the employment is, of course, not precluded from making a
        request later on for correcting his age. It is open to a civil servant   B
        to claim correction of his date of birth, if he is in possession of
        irrefutable proof relating to his date of birth as different from the
        one earlier recorded and even if there is no period of limitation
        prescribed for seeking correction of date of birth, the Government
        servant must do so without any unreasonable delay."                      C

An application for correction of the date of birth should not be dealt with
by the Tribunal or the High Court keeping in view only the public servant
concerned. It need not be pointed out that any such direction for correc-
tion of the date of birth of the public servant concerned has a chain D
reaction, inasmuch as others waiting for years, below him for their respec-
tive promotions are affected in this process. Some are likely to suffer
irreparable injury, inasmuch as, because of the correction of the date of
birth, the officer concerned, continues in officer, in some cases for years,
within which time many officers who are below him in seniority waiting for
                                                                               E
their promotion, may lose the promotion for ever. Cases are not unknown
when a person accepts appointment keeping in view the date of retirement
oJ his immediate senior. According to us, this is an important aspect, which
cannot be lost sight of by the Court or the Tribunal while examining the
grievance of a public servant in respect of correction of his date of birth.
As such, unless a clear case on the basis of materials which can be held to F
be conclusive in nature, is made out by the respoP.dent, the Court or the
Tribunal should not issue a direction, on the basis of materials which make
such claim only plausible. Before any such direction is issued, the court or
the Tribunal must be fully satisfied that there has been real injustice to the
person concerned and his claim for correction of date of ,birth has been G
                                                             ·~
made in accordance with the procedure prescribed, and within the time
fixed by any rule or order. If no rule or order has been framed or made,
prescribing the period within which such application has to be filed, than
such application must be filed within the time, which can be held to be
reasonable. The application has to produce the evidence in support of such H
    382                  SUPREME COURT REPORTS [1993] SUPP. 2 S.C.R.

A   claim, which may amount to irrefutable proof relating to his date of birth.
    Whenever any such question arises, the onus in on the applicant, to prove
    about the wrong recording of his date of birth, in his service book. In many
    cases it is a part of the strategy on the part of such public servants to
    approach the Court or the Tribunal on the eve of their retirement, ques-
B   tioning the correctness of the entries in respect of their dates of birth in
    the service books. By this process, it has come to the notice of this Court
    that in many cases, even if ultimately their applications are dismissed, by
    virtue of interim orders, they continue for months, after the date of
    superannuation. The Court or the Tribunal must, therefore, be slow in
    granting an interim relief for continuation in service, unless p1ima facie
c   evidene of unimpeachable character is produced because if the public
    servant succeeds, he can always be compensated, but if he fails, he would
    have enjoyed undeserved benefit of extended service and merely caused
    injustice to his immediate junior.

D       So far the facts of the present case are concerned, admittedly the
  respondent entered into the service of State Government as early as in the
  year 1958. He never questioned the entry in respect of his date of birth in
  his service register, till August, 1991, when he filed an application before
  the Tribunal for alteration of his date of birth from 9.8.1934 to 9.8.1936.
E This application was filed only about a year before his date of superannua-
  tion, mentioned in his service register. On 9.9.1992, an interim order was
  passed by the Tribunal, when the respondent had already superannuated
  with reference to the date of birth mentioned in the service register and
  ultimately by the impugned order, the Tribunal directed the appellants to
  alter his date of birth as 9.8. 1936. While issuing such a direction, the
F Tribunal has taken into consideration, as to how many brothers the respon-
  dent has and what were the dates of their birth. Although the Tribunal has
  observed that the different dates of birth of the brothers of the respondent,
  indicate that "there is a great deal of confusion and incongruities regarding
  dates of birth of the various members of the applicant's family," still on
G basis of a report of the Revenue Divisional Officer, submitted after oral
  enquiry made from different persons, including the mother of the respon-
  dent, the Tribunal has comt. to the conclusion, that the date of birth of the
  respondent was 9.8.1936 instead of 9.8.1934. The Commissioner for
  Revenue Administration, had rejected the said report submitted by the
H
     SECRETARY HOME DEPTI. v. K.IRUBAKARAN [N.P. SINGH, J.]              383

  Revenue Divisional Officer, but the Tribunal has accepted the said report A
  for correction of date. of birth of the respondent. If the date of birth of a
  public servant, is corrected only on basis of a report submitted by a
  Revenue Officer after holding an enquiry, according to us, it will introduce
 uncertainty, in public services. This Court has repeatedly pointed out that
 correction of the date of birth of public servant is permissible, but that B
 should not be done in a casual manner. Any such order must be passed on
.materials produced by the public servant from which the irresistible con-
 clusion follows that the date of birth recorded in the service book was
 incorrect. While disposing of any such application, the Court or the
 Tribunal, has first to examine, whether the application has been made
within the prescribed period under some rule or administrative order. If
                                                                               c
there is no rule or order prescribing any period, then the Court or Tribunal
 has to examine, why such application was not made within a reasonable
time after joining the service.

       The Tamil Nadu Service Manual contains Rules 49 and 49A. which D
are the provision in respect of alteration and correction of the date of birth.
Whenever any application is filed, by persons governed by those service
rules, procedures prescribed therein have to be strictly followed, including
the time limit prescribed for making such an application. Clause (b) of the
aforesaid Rule 49 provides that after person had entered in service, an E
application to alter the date of his birth as entered in the official records
"shall be entertained only if such an application is made within five years
of such entry in service .... " It need not be pointed out that if an application
is made for correction of the date of birth mentioned in the service records
at an early date or within the prescribed, the authorities are in much better
position to verify the same. Normally, in most of the services, the date of F
birth is recorded in the service records on the eve of the appointment with
reference to the date of birth mentioned if the Matriculation Certificate,
Higher Secondary Education Board Certificate or any other certificate of
similar nature produced by the applicant concerned at the time of making
application for his appointment . As such whenever an application for G
alteration of the date of birth is made on the eve of superannuation or near
about that time, the Court or the Tribunal concerned should be more
cautious because of the growing tendency amongst a section of public
servants, to raise such a dispute, without explaining as to why this question
                                                                               H
    384                  SUPREME COURT REPORTS (1993] SUPP. 2 S.C.R.

A was not raised earlier. In the facts and circumstances of the case, it is not
    possible to uphold the finding recorded by the Tribunal.

        Accordingly, the appeal is allowed. The impugned order is set aside.
    However, there shall be no order as to costs.

B                       Contempt Petition No. 298 of 1993

           In view of the order passed in the above appeal, this petition for
    initiating proceedings for contempt is dismissed.

     N.P.V.                                                    Appeal allowed.