THE COMMISSIONER OF POLICE, HUBLI AND ANR.versusR.S. MORE

A           THE COMMISSIONER OF POLICE, HUBLI AND ANR.
                                 v.
                            R.S. MORE

                              JANUARY 21, 2003

B                 [SHIVARAJ V. PATIL AND H.K. SEMA, JJ.]


         Service Law:

          Karnataka Civil Services (Probation) Rules, 1977-Rules 5(2) and 6-
C   Confirmation ofservice-Whether can be deemed ifpost held beyond probation
    or extended period-Held, continuance on post beyond probation or extended
    period cannot be considered to be deemed confirmation in absence of specific
    order passed by the competent authority.
                                                                                   -+
D       · The probation period of respondent, a police constable was extended
    and after the extended period of probation, he was discharged from the
    service on the ground that his services during probation period were not
    found satisfactory. Respondent's application against the discharge order
    was dismissed by State Administrative Tribunal. Writ Petition against
    the Tribunal's order was allowed. Hence this appeal.
E
         The question for consideration before this Court was whether the
    continuance of the respondent on the post beyond the probation period
    or extended period, entitle him to have claimed deemed confirmation in
    absence of specific order passed by competent authority to that effect.

F        Allowing the appeal, the Court

        HELD: 1. In service jurisprudence confirmation of service on a
  particular post is preceded by satisfactory performance of the incumbent
  unless service rules otherwise provide. Sub-rule (2) of Rule 5 of Karnataka
  Civil Services (Probation) Rules, 1977 provides that unless there is a
G specific order that the probationer has satisfactorily completed the period
  of probation, he shall not be entitled to be deemed to have satisfactorily
  completed the probation by reason of his being continued in service beyond       -,,,,
  the extended period of probation. (456-F-GI

          2. In the instant case, no specific order has been passed by any
H                                      452
         COMMISSIONER OF POLICE v. R.S. MORE [H.K. SEMA, J.)              453

authority, certifying the satisfactorily completion of probation period of        A
the respondent. The order discharging the respondent, in exercise of
powers under Rule 6 has been passed after the extended period of
probation was over. However, that itself would not entitle the respondent
to have claimed deemed confirmation in absence of specific order to that
effect. 1456-D, El
                                                                                  B
        CIVIL APPELLATE JURISDICTION : Civil Appeal No. 177 of
2000.

     From the Judgment and Order dated 18.8.1999 of the High Court of
Karnataka in WP607 /99.
                                                                                  c
        Sanjay R. Hegde and Satya Mitra for the Appellants.

        Respondent for the Ex-parte.

        The Judgment of the Court was delivered by
                                                                                  D
      SEMA, J. Aggrieved by the order dated 18.8.1999 passed by the High
Court in W.P. No. 607 of 1999 setting aside the order dated 25.9.1998,
passed by the Karnataka Administrative Tribunal at Bangalore (hereinafter
referred to as the Tribunal) in application No. 17 of 1998 dismissing the
application filed by the respondent, the State has come up in appeal by           E
Special Leave. The respondent was put to notice, but despite receipt of notice,
none has entered appearance on his behalf.

       The respondent was appointed as a Police Constable on probation for
a period of two years and six months. He joined service as a Police Constable
on 26.6.1992. Though, the period of probation came to an end on 2.12.1994,        F
the respondent, however, continued on the post. On 14.3.1996, probation
period of the respondent was extended by one year and three months. The
respondent was discharged from service by an order dated 12.11.1997 in
exercise of powers under Rule 6( I) of Karnataka Civil Services (Probation)
Rules, 1977 (hereinafter referred to as 'the Rules) as his services during the    G
period of probation were stated to be found unsatisfactory. Aggrieved by the
order of discharge, the respondent filed an application before the Tribunal on
24.12.1997 being application No. 17 of 1998, which was dismissed by the
Tribunal on 25.9.1998. Aggrieved thereby, the respondent had filed a Writ
Petition under Article 226 and 227 of the Constitution, which was allowed
by the High Court setting aside the order of Tribunal and also the order          H
    454                    SUPREME COURT REPORTS                     [2-003) 1 S.C.R.

A .· discharging the respondent from service. Hence this appeal.
          The shprt question that arises for consideration is. as· to whether the
    continuance· of the respondent on the post beyond the probation period or
    extended period, as the case may be, entitled him to have claimed deemed
    confirmation, in absence of specific order passed by the competent authority
a   to that effect.

         · To answer the aforesaid question, it is necessary to have a quietly
    su..Vey of the Rules relevant for the purpose. Rule 3 of the Ruies deals with
    the period of probation and it' provides that the period of probation shall be
C   as may be provided for in the rules of recruitment specially made for any
    service or post, which shall riot be less than two years, excluding the period,
    if any, during which the probationer was on extraordinary leave. Rule 4 of
    the Rules deals with the extension or reduction of period of probation and          -+
    provides that the period of probation may, for reasons to be recorded in
    writing, be extended by the Governor or the Government by such period as
D   he or it deems fit. Clause (ii) of Rule 4 further empowers any other appointing
    authority by such period not exceeding half the prescribed period of probation.
    Sub-rule (2) of Rule 4 empowers the Government to reduce· the period of
    probation of a probationer by such period not exceeding the period during
    which he discharged the duties of the post to which he was appointed or of
    a post the duties of which are, in the opinion of the Government, similar or
E   equivalent to those of such post Rule 5 .of the Rules deals with the declaration
    of satisfactory completion of probation at the end of the prescribed or, as the
    case may be, the reduced or extended period of probation. Rule 6 of the
    Rules provid~s for discharge of a probationer during the period of probation.

F         Sub-rule (2) of Rule 5, which is having direct bearing to the facts of
    the case reads as under:-

                "(2) A probationer shall not be considered to have satisfactorily
            completed the probation unless a specific order to that effect is passed.
            Any delay in the issue of an order under sub-rule (I) shall not entitle
G           the probationer to be deemed to have satisfactorily completed his
            probation."

          It is contended by Mr. Sanjay R. Hegde, learned counsel for the               :,.
    appellants, that the continuance of respondent on the post beyond the prescribed
    probation period or extended period of probation, as the case may l;>e, would
H   not entitle the respo~dent to claim deemed confirmation, in view of the bar
       COMMISSIONER OF POLICE v. R.S. MORE [H.K. SEMA, J.]                  455

imposed by sub,rule (2) of Rule 5 of Rules, unless a specific order is passed       A
to that effect. The High Court has proceeded on the assumption that the
period of probation of two years and six months has expired on 2.12.1994
and thereafter no order has been passed extending the period of probation as
provided under Rule 4 and there was also no consideration in terms of Rule
5 of the Rules, at the end of the prescribed period in 1994, but the respondent
was allowed to continue as a probationer till he was discharged from service        B
by the impugned order and, therefore, it cannot be said that the respondent
continued to be on probation. This finding of the High Court, in our view,
is clearly erroneous. In the instant case, the undisputed facts are that the
 respondent was appointed on probation for a period of two years and six
 months. The period of two years and six months expired on 2.12.1994.               C
 Thereafter, by the order dated 14.3.1996, it was further extended for a period
 of one year and three months in exercise of powers under Rule. 4. of the
 Rules. It is true that the order of discharge dated 12.11.1997, in exercise of
powers under rule 6 of the Rules, has been passed after the extended period
was over. That itself would not entitle the respondent to have claimed deemed
 confirmation, in view of the bar imposed by sub-rule (2) of Rule .5 ·of the        D
 Rules as not.iced above.

      In High Court of MP. & Ors. v. Satya Narayan Jhavar, (2001] SCC
161, a three Judge Bench of this Court, while examining the question of
deemed confirmation in service jurisprudence has categorized three class of         E
cases on the point. It was pointed out in paragraph· 11 at page 169 as under:-

             "The question of deemed confirmation in service jurisprudence,
        which is dependent upon the language of the relevant service rules,
        has been the subject-matter of consideration before this Court, times
        without number in various decisions and there are three lines of cases      F
        on this point. One line of cases is where in the service rules or in the
        letter of appointment a period of probation is specified and power to
        extend the same is also conferred upon the authority without
        prescribing any maximum period of probation and if the officer is
        continued beyond the prescribed or extended period, he cannot be
        deemed to be confirmed. In such cases there is no bar against               G
        termination at any point of time after expiry of the period of probation.
        The other line of cases is that where while there is a provision in the
        rules for initial probation and extension thereof, a maximum period
        for such extension is also provided beyond which it is not permissible
        to extend probation. The inference in such cases is that the officer        H
    456                    SUPREME COURT REPORTS                    [2003] 1 S.C.R.

A            concerned is deemed to have been confirmed upon expiry of the
             maximum period of probation in case before its expiry the order of
             termination has not been passed. The last line of cases ·is where,
             though under the rules maximum period of probation is prescribed,
             but the same requires a specific act on the part of the employer by
             issuing an order ofconfirmation and ofpassing a test for the purposes
B            of confirmation. In such cases, even if the maximum period of
             probation has expired and neither any order of confirmation has
             been passed nor has the person concerned passed the requisite test,
             he cannot be deemed to have.been confirmeq merely because the said
             period has expired. "
c                                                             (Emphasis supplied)

           In our view, the case -at hand falls under category 3. As noticed sub-
    rule (2) of Rule 5 requires that a probationer shall not be considered to have     +
    satisfactorily completed the probation unless a specific order to that effect is
D passed. No specific order having been passed by any authority, certifying the
    satisfactorily completion of probation period of the respondent, has been
    brought to our notice. Mr. Hegde, learned counsel, submitted that no order
    as contemplated under sub-rule (2) of Rule 5 has been passed by the competent
    authority. Admittedly, the order discharging the respondent, in exercise of
    powers under Rule 6, has been passed after the extended period of probation
E was over. In our view, however, that itself would not entitle the respondent
    to have claimed deemed confirmation in absence of the specific order to that
    effect. In service jurisprudence confirmation of service on a particular post
    is preceded by satisfactory performance of the incumbent unless service rules
    otherwise prescribe. In the instant case sub-rule (2) of Rule 5 of the Rules
F . provides that unless there is a specific order that the probationer has
    satisfactorily completed the period of probation, he shall not be entitled to be
    deemed to have satisfactorily completed the probation by reason of his being
    continued in service beyond the extended period of probation. The High
    Court has failed to consider this important aspect of the matter, resulting in·
    miscarriage of justice. In our view, the High Court fell into error resulting in
G miscarriage of justice.
          In the result, the appeal is allowed by setting aside the impugned order
    of the High Court. There shall be no order as to costs.

    K.K.T.                                                        Appeal allowed.