THE COMMISSIONER OF INCOME TAX, KERALAversusSMT. P.K. KOCHAMMU AMMA PEROKE

                                                                                              781

                                                                                               A


               THE COMMISSIONER OF INCOME TAX, KERALA
                                                 v.
                       SMT. P.K. KOCHAMMU AMMA PEROKE
                                                                                                B
                                      September 23, 1980

                    [P. N. BHAGWATI AND E. S. VENKATARAMIAH, JJ.]
              Penalry, imposition of-Assessee faiied to include the income of the spouse
        'flnd minor child in the return of income for the assessment year 1964-65. though
         includible under s. 64(1) and (iii)-Whether failure entails penalty under              c
         s. 271(I)(c) of the Income Tax Act, 1961, as the unamended Rule 12 of the
         1961 (prior to 31-3-1972) did not provide any column in the pre~cribed form-
         Jncome Tax Act, 1961, ss. 2(45), 4, 5, 64(1)(i) and (iii), 139 and 271(1){c) read
         with Rule 12 of the lllcome Tax Rulu, 1962,_scope of-Words and phrases "his
         income" meaning of.
               The respondent asses see was. a partner in the partnership firms of MI s.
                                                                                                D
          Malabar Tile Works and M/s. Malabar Ply,wood Works and alongwith .her
          there were other partners including her husband and minor daughter. In her
          returns for the assessment year 1964-65 for which the relevant accounting year
        . was the calendar year ending 31st D~cember, 19(i3, the assessee filed a return.
          of income omitting the amounts representing the shares of her husband and
          minor daughter in the partnership firms from her income. The Income Tax               E
          Officer, however, brought the amounts, namely, Rs. 59,506 to tax and referred
        . the case for taking action under s. 271(1)(c) of the Act to the Assistant Appel-
          late Commissioner who imposed a penalty of namely, Rs. 7,000 on the assessee
          for having concealed her income. In appeal the Tribunal set aside the order


l
          and the High Court on reference affirmed the Tribunal's order. Hence the
          appeal by Revenue to this Court after obtaining special leave.
    '        Dismissing the appeal, the Court                                                   F
              HELD : (1) The assessee, in view of the fact that the prescribed form
         for filing of returns under s. 139 of the Act, prior to 31st March, 1972, did
         not contain separate column to show "income arising to spouse/minor child
         or any other person referred to .in Chapter V of the Act", and in view
         of the decision of three Judges Bench reported in 74 l.T.R. 83 SC could not
         be said to have concealed her income by not disclosing in the return filed by          G
         her the amounts representing the shares of her husband and minor daughter
         in the two partnership firms. [788B]
               (2) The term "his income" for the purpose of s. 27l(l)(c) of the Act, is
          "his income" which the assessee is liable to disclose for the purposes of assess-
          ment and yet fails to do so. The return of income under s. 139(1) of the
        · Act is required to be filed in order to enable the Revenue Authorities to
                                                                                                H
          make a proper assessment of tax 'on the assessee. A fortiorari, 1t follows that
        . 4he assessee ·must disclose in the return every item of income which is liable
          to be taxed in his hands under ss. 4 & 5 of the Act. [785B; F-H]
782                         SUPREME COURT REPORTS                  [1981] 1 S.C.R.

A          (3) The definition of "total income" in s. 2(45), no doubt refers to s. 5
      which lays down that all the income profits and gains accmed or arisen to'
      the assessee or received by or on behalf of the assessee shall be liable to be
      included in his total income but this provision is subject to the other provi·
      sions of the Act and therefore if the income of any other person is declared
      by any provision of the Act to be includible in computing !he total income
B     of the assessee, such income would form part of the total income exigible·
      to tax under s. 4 of the Act. S. 64(1) is one such provision which provides
      for inclusion of the income of certain other persons in computing the total
      income of the assessee. [785F·H]


            Section 64(1) makes "it clear that though the share of the spouse or minor
c     ·child in the profits of a partnership firm in which the assessee is a partner is
       not the income of the assessee but is the income of such spouse or mir.or
       child it is liable to be included in computing the total income of the asse,.see
       and it would be assessable to tax in the hands of the assessee. The total income
       of the asses see chargeable to tax would include the amounts representinit the
D      ~hares of the spouse and minor child in the profits of the partnership firm.
       Obviously the words "his income" in s. 139 sub·s. {I) must include every item
       of income which goes to make up his total income assessable under the Act.
       The amounts representing the shares of the spouse and minor child in the
       profits of the partnership firm would be part of "his income" for the purpose
       of assessment to tax and would have to be shown in the return of income
E      filed by him. [786B·D]


           (4) It is tme that the form of the return prescribed by Rule 12 of the
      Income Tax Rules,, 1962 which was in force during the relevant assessment
      year did not contain any separate column for showing the income of the spouse
      and minor child liable' to be included in the total income of the assessee, but
F
      it did contain a Note stating that if the income of any other person is inclu-
      dible in the total income of the assessee under the provisions, inter alia, of
      s. 64, such income should also be shown in the return under the appropriate
      head. This Note clearly required the assessee to show in the return under
      the appropriate head of income, namely, "profits and gains of business or
G     profession" the amounts representing the shares of the husband and minor
      daughter of the assessee in the profits of the two partnership firms. The·
      assessee however failed to disclose these amounts in the return submitted by
      her and there was plainly and manifestly a breach of the obligation imposed         "f".
      by s. 139 sub·s. (1) requiring the assessee to furnish a return of her income·
      in the prescribed form. To accept the contention that despite the Note the
H     assessee was still not liable to show in the return the amounts representing
      the shares of her husband and minor daughter in the two partnership firms
      would render the Note' meaningless and futile and tum it into a dead-letter
                   C.I.T. v. P. K. KOCHAMMU (Bhagwati, !.)                          783.

and that would be contrary to all recognised canons of construction. The              A
assessee was guilty of concealment of this item of income which p:ainly attract~d
the applicability of s. 271 sub-s. (!) clause (c). [786G-787D]

    V.D.M.RM.M.RM. Muthiah Chettiar v. Commissioner of In-
come Tax, 74 ITR 183 (SC), doubted
    CrvrL APPELLATE JURISDICTION : Civil Appeal No.                     1086 of       B
1973.
    Appeal by Special Leave from the Judgment and Order dated
8-12-1971 of the Kerala High Court in T.l.T. Reference No. 91/69.
      S. C. Manchanda and Miss A. Subhashini for the Appellants.
                                                                                      c
      K. T. Harindranath and T. T. Kunhikanncm for the Respondent.
      The Judgment of the Court was delivered by

     BHAGWATI J.-This appeal arises out of proceedings initiated
by the Revenue all!thorities for levying penalty on the assessee. The
assessee is a lady and during the assessment year 1964-65 for which                    D
the relevant accounting year was the calender year ended 31st
December, 1963, the assessee was a partner in two partnership firms,
M/s. Malabar Tile Works and M/s. Malabar Plywood Works and
alongwith her there were other partners including her husband and
minor daughter. The assessee filed· a return of income for the assess-
                                                                                       E
ment year 1964-65 showing Rs. 4754 as income from property and
Rs. 4748 as income from other sources. The assessee stated in the'
return under the column "Profits and Gains of Business and Pro-
fession" against item (b) which required share in the profits of a
registered firm to be shown "Please ascertain from the firms' files the
Malabar Tile Works and Malabar Plywood Works." The assessee,                           F
however,· did not show in the return the amounts representing the
shares of her husband and minor daughter in the firms of M/s. Mala-
bar Tile Works and M/s. Malabar Plywood Works though they were
clearly includible in computing the total income of the assessee under
section 64 sub-section ( 1) clauses (i) and (iii) of the Income Tax
Act, 1961. The Income Tax Officer while making the assessment                         G
included the amounts representing the shares of the assessee's husband
and minor daughter in the profits of these two firms in the assess-
ment of the assessee and taxed the assessee on a total income of
Rs. 59,506 after including these amounts. Since the assessee had
not shown these amounts as forming part of her total income jri the
return submitted by her, though they were clearly includible in her                   H
total income under section 64, sub-section (1) clauses (i) and (iii),
the Income Tax Officer was of the view that the assessee had con-
                            SUPREME COURT REPORTS              [1981] 1 S.C.R.'

A       cealed the particulars of her income and rendered herself liable to
        penalty under section 271 sub-section ( 1) clause ( c), and since the
        minimum penalty leviable on the assessee was Rs. 1000, he referred
        the case to the Assistant Appellate Commissioner who issued notice
        under section 274 and after hearing the assessee, imposed a penalty
        of Rs. 1000. The assessee appealed to the Tribunal against the
        order imposing penalty and one of the arguments urged on behalf
        of the assessee in support of the appeal was that there was no obli-
        gation of the assessee to show in her return the amounts representing
        the shares of her husband and minor daughter in the two firms and
        there was accordingly no concealment by her of the particulars of
        her income so as to attract the penalty under 5ection 271 sub-section
         (1) clause (c). The Tribunal accepted this argument of the assessee
        and held that section 271 sub-section ( 1) clause ( c) could be invoked
         only if there was concealment of the "particulars of his income by
         the assessee" and the words "his income" referred only to be the
         income of the ass.essee himself and not to the income of any other
         person which might be liable to be included in the income of the
         assessee by reason of section 64 sub-section ( 1) clauses (i) and (iii).
          The Tribunal accordingly held that the omission or failure of the
          assessee to disclose in her return the amounts representing the shares
          of her husband and minor daughter in the two firms as forming part
          of her income could not be visited with penalty under section 271
          sub-section ( 1) clause ( c) and in this view, the Tribunal allowed
E
          the appeal and set aside the order imposing penalty. This led to
        -the filing of an application for a reference by the Revenue and on the
          application, the Tribunal referred the following question of law for
          the opinion of the High Court :
                  "Whether on the facts and in the circumstances of the case,
F             the Tribunal is correct in law in cancelling the penalty levied
              under section 271 (1) (c)?"
         The High Court took the view that the words used in section 271
         sub-section (1) clause ( c) were "his income" and the amounts
         representing the shares of the assessee's husband and minor daughter
G        in the two firms could not be said. to be the income of the assessee,
         though in computing her total income these amounts were liable to
         be included by reason of section 64 sub-section ( 1) clauses (i) and
          (iii) and therefore, the assessee could not be said to have concealed
         her income when she did not disclose these amounts as forming part
         of 'her income in the return submitted by her. The High Court
    H     accordingly answered the question referred to it in favour of the
          assessee and against the Revenue. The Revenue thereupon preferred
          tlre present appeal with special leave obtained from this Court.
                C.I.T. v. P. K. KOCHAMMU (Bhagwati, J.)                         785

         There is a decision of this court whi'ch is directly in point and it     A
•Concludes' the determination of the question arising in this appeal
 against the Revenue but before we refer to that decision, we might
"first examine the question on principle as a matter of pure interpre-
 tative exercise. Section 271 sub-section ( 1) clause ( c) provides for
 Jmposition of penalty on an assessee if it is found inter alia· that the
 .assessee has concealed the particulars of "his income." The question            B
  is what is the scope and content of the words "his income" occurring
 in this penal provision. Do they refer only to the income of the
 assessee himself or do they also take in the income of others which is
 liable to be included in the computation of the total income of the
:assessee by reason of the relevant provisions of the Act, such as sec-
  tion 64 sub-section (1) clauses (i) and (iii)? The answer to this               c
 question obviously depends upon as to what is "his income" which
 the assessee is liable to disclose for the purpose of assessment for
 <:oncealment can only be of that which one is bound to disclose and
  yet fails to do so. Section 139 provides for filing of a return of income
'by an assessee and. sub-section ( 1) of this section lays down that
                                                                                  D
 every person whose total income during the pevious year exceeds
  the maximum amount which is not chargeable to income tax, shall
  furnish a re'.urn of his income in the prescribed form and verified in
-the prescribed manner, and setting forth such other particulars as
  may be prescribed. The return of income is required to be filed in
··order to enable the Revenue Authorities to make ·a proper assessment            E
  <Jf tax on the assessee. It must therefore follow a fortior.ari that the
 ·assessee must disclose in the return every item of income which is
   liable to be taxed in his hands as part of his total income. The
   charge of income tax is levied by section 4 on the total income of
   the assessee, and 'total income' is defined in section 2 sub-section
    ( 45) to mean "the total amount of income referred to in sectiOn 5            F
,computed in the manner laid down" in the Apt. Lt is no doubt true
 that the definition of 'total income' in Section 2 s\1b-section ( 45)
 -refers to section 5 and this latter provision lays down that all the
   income profils and gains accrued or arisen to the assessee or received
   by or on behalf of the assessee shall be liable to be included in his
   total income but this provisfon is subject to the other provisions of the      G
   Act and .therefore if the income of any other person is declared by
   any provision of the Act to be includible in computing the total income
   of the assessee, such. income would form part of the total income
0
   exigible to tax under section 4 o'f the Act. Now, section 64 sub-
   section ( 1) is one such provision which provides for inclusion of the
 'income of cerfain other persons in computing the total income of an             H
   assessee. Clauses (i) and (iii) of this sub-section provide that in
 ·Computing the total income of an assessee there shall be included all
786                        SUPREME COURT REPORTS               [1981] 1 S.C.R.

A       such income as arises directly or indirectly to the spouse of such
        assessee from the partnership of the spouse in a firm carrying on a
        business in which such individual is a partner as also to a minor child
        of such assessee from the admission of the minor to the benefi:s of
        the partnership firm. It is clear from this provision that though the
        share of the spouse or minor child in the profits of a partnershiP'
B       firm in which the assessee is a partner is not the income of the asses-
         see but is the income of such spouse or minor child it is liable to be
        included in computing the total income of the assessee and it would
         be assessable to tax in the hands of the assessee. The total income
         of the assessee chargeable to tax would include the amounts repre-
         senting the shares of the spouse and minor child in the profits of the
c        partnership firm. If this be the correct legal position, there can be no·
         doubt that the assessee must disclose in the return submitted by him,
         all 'amounts representing the shares of the spouse and minor child in
         the profits of the partnership firm in which he is a partner, since they
         form part of his total income chargeable to tax. The words "hi~
         income" in section 139 sub-section ( 1) must include every item of"
D        income which goes to make up his total income assessable under the
         Act. The amounts representing the shares of the spouse and minor
          child in the profits of the partnership firm would be part of "his
          income" for the purpose of assessment to tax and would have to be·
          shown in the return of income filed by him.
E             The assessee then contended that the return of income which was.
         required to be filed by her under section 139 sub-section (1) was a
         return in the prescribed form and the form of the return prescribed·
         by rule 12 of the Income Tax Rules, 1962 did not contain any column
         for showing the income of the spouse and minor child which was .
         liable to be included in the total income of the assessee under section
F        64 sub-section ( 1 ) clauses ( i) and (iii) and there was therefore no ·
         obligation on the assessee to disclose this income in the return filed
         by he.r. This contention is also, in our opinion, fallacious and deserves ·
         to be rejected. It is true 'that the form of the return prescribed by
         rule 12 which was in force during the relevant assessment year did
    G    not contain any separate .column for showing the income of the·
          spouse and minor child liable to be included in the total income of the
          assessee, but it did contain a Note stating that if the income of any
          other person is includible in the total income of the assessee under
         the provisions i.nter alia of section 64, such income should also be·
          shown in the return under the appropriate head. This Note clearly
    H     required the assessee to show in the return under the appropriate
          head of income, namely, "Profits and Gains of Uusiness or Profession"·
          the amounts representing the shares of the husband and minor·
                C.I.T. v. P. K. KOCHAMMU (Bhagwati, J.)                     787

  daughter of the assessee in the profits of the two partnership finns.      A
  But even so, the. assessee failed to disclose these amounts in the
  return submitted by her and there was therefore plainly and manifestly
  a breach of the obligation imposed by section 139 sub-section ( 1)
·requiring the assessee to furnish a return of her income in the prescri-
 bed form. It is difficult to see how the Note in the prescribed form
 of the .return could be ignored by !he assessee and she could contend
 that despite the Note, she was not liable to show in her return the
 amounts representing the shares of her husband and minor daughter
 in the two partnership firms. The conte!Jltion of the assessee, if
 accepted, would render the Note meaningless and futile and turn it
 into dead letter and that would be contrary to all recognised canons
 of construction. There can be no doubt that the assessee was b01,md         c
to show in her return the amounts representing the shares of her
husband and minor daughter in the two partnership finns and in
failing to do so, she was guilty of concealment of this item of income
which plainly attracted the applicability of section 271 sub-section
 (1) clause (c).
          I                                                                 D'
       It is obvious that on this view the order imposing penalty on the
 assessee would have to be sustained but there is a · decision of this
 Court in V.D.M.RM.M.RM.Muthiah Chettiar vs. Commissioner of
 Income Tax Madras( 1 ) which is binding upon us and where we
 find that a different view has been taken by a Bench of three Judges        E
 of this Court. It was held in this case·that even if there were any
 printed instructions in the form of the return requiring the assessee
 to disclose the income received by his wife and minor child from a
 firm of which the assessee was a partner, there was, in the absence
 in the return of any head under which the income of the wife or
 min()r child could be shown, no obligation on the assessee to disclose      F
this item of income, .the assessee could not be deemed to have failed
 or omitted to disclose fully and truly all material facts necessary for
his assessment within the meaning of seation 34(1)(a) of the Indian
Income Tax Act, 1922: With the greatest respect to the learned
Judges who decided this case, we do not think, for reasons already
discussed, that this decision lays down the correct law on the subject,     G·
and had it not been for the fact that since 1st April 1972. the form
of the return prescribed by rule 12 has been amended and since then,
there is a separate column providing the "income arising to spouse/
minor child or any other person as referred to in Chapter V of the
Act" should be shown separately under that column and consequently
                                                                            K
there is no longer any scope for arguing that the assessee is not bound
   (1) 74 ITR 183.
788                      SUPREME COURT REPORTS              [1981] 1 S.C.R.

A     to disclose such income in the return .to be furnished by him, we
      would have referred the present case to a larger bench. But we do
      not propose to do so since the question has now become academic
      in view of the amendment in the form of the return carried out with
      effect from 1st April 1972. We would therefore follow this decision
      in Mwthiah Chet:tiar's case, which being a decision of a bench of
      three Judges of this Court is binding upon us, and following that
      decision, we hold that the assessee could not be said to have concealed
      her income by not disclosing in the return filed by her the amounts
      representing the shares of her husband and minor daughter in the two
      partnership firms.
~c         We accordingly dismiss the appeal, but in the peculiar circum-
      stances of the present case, we think that the fair order of costs would
      be that each party should bear and pay its own costs throughout.

                                                           Appeal dismissed.
      S.R.