Holding

The Bihar State Board of Homeopathy Medicine was duly constituted, and its resolution abolishing the eight posts was valid.

Summary

The Bihar State Board of Homeopathy Medicine, constituted under the Bihar Development of Homeopathy System of Medicine Act, 1953, passed a resolution on 14 May 1988 abolishing eight Homeopathic Chikitsak posts, six of which were held by petitioners. The Patna High Court held that the Board was not duly constituted because the terms of the seven elected members had expired, rendering the resolution invalid. On appeal, the Supreme Court examined Section 5 of the Act, which provides that members continue in office until a succeeding Board is formed and holds a meeting with a quorum. The Court interpreted “succeeding Board” to mean a new Board comprising newly elected or appointed members, and held that, in the absence of such a Board, the incumbent elected members remained members and the May 1988 meeting satisfied the quorum requirement. Consequently, the Board was deemed validly constituted and the resolution abolishing the posts was upheld. The Supreme Court set aside the High Court’s judgment, dismissed the original writ petitions, and allowed the Board’s appeal.

Issues considered

The Board’s validity at the time of the 14 May 1988 resolution given the expiry of elected members’ terms.
Interpretation of Section 5 of the Bihar Development of Homeopathy System of Medicine Act, 1953 regarding continuation of members and the meaning of “succeeding Board”.
Whether the resolution abolishing the eight posts was legally effective.

Subjects

Statutory boardQuorumSection 5 interpretationContinuation of membersValidity of resolutionHomeopathyState legislation

Judgment

..
THE BlHAR STATE BOARD OF HOMEOPATHY A
MEDICINE, PATNA
v.
THE STATE OF BIHAR AND ORS.

OCTOBER HI, 1995
B
[M.M. PUNCHHI AND SUJATA V. MANOHAR, .I.I.]

Bihar Development of Homeopathy System of Medicine Act, 1953
Section 5-Constiuttion of Bihar State Board of Homeopathy Medicine-Sue-
ceeding board-Held-Means a succeeding board at which the old out going c
n1cn1bers are succeeded by a new set of n1en1bers.

Appellant-Board, constituted under the Bihar Development of
Homeopathic System of Medicine Act, 1953, had abolished 8 posts of
Homeopathic Chikitsac by a resolution dated 14th May 1988, including the.
6 posts held by the writ petitioners in High Court. The High Court held D
that the posts were not abolished in accordance with law because the board
which passed the resolution was not duly constituted. This decision was
upheld by the division bench of the same court. Hence these appeals by the
Board.
E
Allowing the appeal, this Court

HELD : 1. The Bihar State Board or Homeopathy Medicine is a
composite body. It is composed of different sets of members who are
a1ipointed or elected by different bodies in different ways. It can not be
expected that all sets of n1en1bers \\-'ould he always non1inated or elected at F
the same time. Notification dated 29th of January, 1986 which has
nominated the President and the four other nominated members, has also
clearly provided that the two other sets of members namely, the elected
member~ and legislative members whose ter1ns have not expired would
also continue to be the members of the Board. The same would, therefore,
G
be true of all categories of members. (155-G-H]

- 2. Section 5 of the Bihar Development of Homeopathy System of
Medicine Act, 1953 provides for continuation of members in oflice until
the succeeding Board is formed and holds a meeting with a quorum. The
whole purpose is to ensure that the Board remains properly constituted. H
•I 149
150 SUPREME COURT REPORTS [1995] SUPP. 4 S.C.R. .
A Therefore the succeeding: Board in the context of Sec. 5 can only mean a
succeeding Board at which the old outgoing n1embers are succeeded by a
new set of members. Once they are appointed or elected, as the case may
be and a meeting of the new Board with quorum takes place, the previous
set of members. ceases to be a part of the Board. Therefore the seven elected
members whose names had been notified under the notification of 17th
B
Aug., 1984 continued to be the members of the Board even after the expiry
of their term since they had not been replaced by newly elected members
and there was no successor Board. They were entitled to attend the meeting
of the Board on 14th May 1984. The Board meeting had the requisite
quorum, and, therefore, it had validly passed a resolution abolishing the
C 8 posts. Nevertheless, in the event of the said posts being revived or similar
posts being created in future the Board may consider the petitioners in
view of their past service by giving them a suitable waiver of age bar, if
required. [156-B, E, G-H, 157-A-B]

CIVIL APPELLATE JURISDICTION: Civil Appeal Nos. 9278-79
D and 9280 of 1995.

From the Judgment and Order dated 20.8.92 of the Patna High Court
in LP.A. Nos. 50, 49 & 39 of 1990.

R.K. Khanna and R.P. Singh for the Appellant.
E
Mrs. Rani Chhabra, for the Respondent in C.A. No. 9280/95.

Ms. Abha R. Sharma, (NP) for the Respondents in C.A. Nos. 9278-79
& 9280/95.

F The Judgment of the Court was delivered by

MRS. SUJATA V. MANOHAR, J. Leave granted.

These appeals have been filed by the Bihar State Board of
Homeopathy Medicine, Patna (hereinafter referred to as the Board). The
G Board is constituted under the Bihar Development of Homeopathic System
of Medicine Act, 1953. The dispute··relates to the abolition of 8 posts of
homeopathic Chikitshak out of which 6 posts were occupied by the six
petitioners in the three writ petitions bearing Nos. 4462, 4039 and 7424 of
1988 filed in the High Court of Patna. A learned Single Judge of the High
H Court who heard these writ petitions held that the posts were not abolished
•
• BIHAR :'rATEBOARD OP HOMEOPATHY MEDJC!NE , .. STATE [MR.S.SUJATA V. MANOHAR, J.] 151

in accordance with law because the respondent i.e. the Board which passed A
the Resolution abolishing these posts was not duly constituted. This
decision has been upheld in appeal by the Division Bench of the Patna
High Court. From this decision, the present appeals have been filed before
us.
B
The six pet1tloners in the writ pet1t1ons were appointed as
Homeopathic Chikitishaks on temporary/ad hoc basis in or around 1983-
1984. Their appointments were regularised in 1985 pursuant to a decision
taken by the President of the Board. During this period the Board was
under severe financial constraints. It is pointed out in the counter affidavit
that pursuant to the Government Noti!ic~tion dated 22.11.1975, the appel- c
lant-Board was divested of its powers to hold examinations and confer
degrees and diplomas. Consequently, a major part of the work of the Board
relating to holding of examinations was transferred to the Bihar University.
On account of the curtailment of the duties of the appellant-Board, even
the existing staff of the Board was more than what was required by the D.
Board. Despite having such excess staff, six further appointments were
made as a result of which the six petitioners in the writ petitions were
appointed as Homeopathic Chiktishaks. According to the appellant-Board,
this imposed an unnecessary financial liability upon the Board which was
already under financial strain. In fact, as far back as in 1978_, the President
of the Board had requested the Government to adjust the excess staff of E
the Board in the Directorate of Health in view of the reduced work-load
of the Board. This request was repeated in 1983. The audit report raised
certain objections to the additional staff being engaged and salary being
paid to such additional staff. Ultimately, the Additional Secretary in the
Dcpilrtn1cnt of Health, Governn1ent nf Bihar directed, inter uliu, that in F
order to have a check on the financial burden of the appellant-Board, no
new post should be created and no new expenditure should be incurred.
A further direction was given that unnecessary posts should be abolished
and irregt•l"r appointments should be cancelled.

The appellant-Board, therefore, convened a meeting on 14th of May, G
1988 at which it passed a Resolution abolishing 8 posts of Homeopathic
Chikitshaks which included the six posts held by the petitioners in these
writ petitions. The Resolution of the appellant-Board dated 14th of May,
1988 was challenged in these writ petitions by way of an amendment since
the Resolution was passed after the writ petitions were filed. The writ H
152 SUPREME COURT REPORTS [1995[ SUPP. 4 S.C.R. .
A petitions were originally for payment of salary and for other reliefs.

The learned Single Judge has held that the decision lo abolish these
posts was taken bona fide. He has also found that the appointments of the
six petitioners were irregular and should have been cancelled. However, he
has held that the Board which passed the Resolution in question was not
B duly constituted in accordance with law. Hence the Resolution has no legal
effect. Accordingly, he has set aside the Resolution abolishing the posts of
the petitioners in the writ petitions. He has also observed that this will not
preclude the Board from holding a proper meeting in accordance with law
and taking an appropriate decision in regard to the petitioners in the writ
c petitions. A Division Bench of the High Court has dismissed the appeals
without any speaking order.

The only question that we have to consider is whether the Board
which took the decision on 14th of May, 1988 was validly constituted. For
that purpose, it is necessary to turn to the provisions of Section 3 of the
D Bihar Development of Homeopathic System of Medicine Act, 1953. Sec-
tion 3 provides as follows :

"3. Establishment and constitution of Board.

1. The State Government may, by notification establish a Board to
E be called the Bihar State Board of Homeopathic Medicine con-
sisting of :

a. a President to be nominated by the State Government.

h. four 1ncmbers to b~ no111inatcd hy the State Governn1ent;
F
c. seven members lo be elected in the prescribed manner by the
registered homeopathic practitioners from amongst themselves;

d. two members to be elected by the Bihar Legislative Assembly
G fron1 amongst its members in the prescribed manner; and

f. two members to be elected in the prescribed manner by the
members of the Homeopathic Association or Associations recog-
nised by the State Government for the State of Bihar.

H Provided that when the Board is established for the first time,
BlHARSTATEBOAR00f HOMEOPATHY i·. STATE[MRS. SUJATA V. MANOHAR.J.J 153

the Pesident to be nominated under clause (a) and the members A
to he nominated under clause (b) and the members to be elected
under clause (c), clause (d), clause (e) or clause (I) shall be
appointed by the State Govt. and the Board as so constituted shall
hold office for a period of three years from the date of the
publication of the names of the President and members in the
B
official Gazette under section 6 or such further period as the State
Government may by notification, fix.

2. The Board shall be a body corporate and shall have perpetual
succession and a common seal with power to acquire and hold
property, both moveable and immoveable and to transfer any such C
property subject to the prescribed conditions and shall by the said
name sue be sued. 1'

The term of office of the members of the Board is prescribed by
Section 5 which is as follows :
D
"Section 5: Save as otherwise provided by this Act; the term of
office of nominated and elected members of the second and every
subsequent Board shall be for a period of three years from the
date of publication of their names in the Official Gazette under
section 6 and shall include any further period which may elapse
between the expiration of the said period of three years and the
E
date of the first meeting of the succ;.eeding Board at which the
11
quorum is present.

Sections 6 and 13 are also relevant. These are as follows :
F
"Section 6 : The names of the President and of any members
nominated or elected under section 4 shall be published by the
State Government in the Official Gazette.

Section 13:
G
1. The Board shall have an office at Patna and shall meet at such
time and place and every meeting of the Board shall be summoned
in such manner as may be provided by regulations;

Provided that until regulations arc made it shall be lawful for
the President to summon a meeting of the council at such time H
154 SUrt<.1"ME COURT REPORTS [1995] SUPP. 4S.C.R.

A and place as he may deem expedient by a letter addressed to each
member on a clear notice of fifteen days.

2. No business shall be transacted al any meeting of the Board
unless .six men1bers are present;

B Provided that in an adjourned meeting all business postponed
for want of quorum al the original meeting may be transacted if
not less than three members attend such meeting."

The Board, therefore, is a mixed body which is composed of various
sets of members. The President and four members of the Board are to be
C nominated by the State Government. Seven members have to be elected by
registered homeopathic practitioners. Two members have to be elected
from the Bihar Legislative Assembly from amongst its members and two
members have to be elected by the members of the various Homeopathic
Associations recognised in the State of Bihar. The names of members as
D and when nominated or elected have to be notified.

By a Notification dated 31st of December, 1982, it seems that a
Board was notified by the State Government consisting of a President, four
nominated members and other elected members. The Notification is not
produced before us. From the recitals in the judgment of the learned Single
E Judge of the High Court, it seems that the term of the President and four
nominated members was to commence from 31st of January, 1983 and,
therefore, Would expire at the end of three years on 31st of January 1986.

. The names of the seven elected members were notified only on 17th
of August, 1984 after the elections were held. The names of the two
F members of the Legislative Assembly were notified on 14th of December,
1985.

It is an accepted position that since the seven elected members
names were notified on 17th of August, 1984, their term would expire only
G on 17th of August, 1987. While the ten?! of the two Legislative Assembly
Members who were notified on 14tb of December, 1985, would expire on
14th of December, 1988.

Clearly, therefore, the Board is a composite body and the terms of
its various members expire at different times. The composition of the
H Board, therefore, keeps on changing.
BIHAR~ffATEBOARDOFHOMEOPATHY '· STATE(MRS. SUJATA V. MANOHAR.J.J 155

Since the term of the President and four nominated members was A
expiring on 31st of January, 1986, a Notification was issued on 29th of
January, 1986 nominating a nc\v President an<l four nc\v no1ninated mem-
bers. The Notification also set out that those members of the earlier Board
whose appointments had been notified under Notifications dated 17.8.1984
and 14.12.1985 (the seven dccted members and the two members of the
B
Legislative Assembly) shall continue as members of the new Board till they
complete the term of three years. After February 1986, therefore, the
Board consisted of a ne\v President, four. new nominated members and the
existing seven elected members and the existing two members of the
Legislative Assembly.
c
A meeting of this Board was called on 14th May 1988, when the
Board Resolution abolishing the posts in question was passed. As on 14th
May 1988, the term of the seven elected members had come to an end.
However, they were not replaced by seven new elected members. At the
Board meeting of 14th of May 1988, apart from the President, three D
nominated members and three elected members were present. According
to the appellants, since the quorum for any Board meeting is six and there
were six person present apart from the President, the Board had a quorum
and was entitled to conduct business.

The question is whether under Section 5, the seven elected members E
continued to hold their posts until seven new members were elected and a
Board meeting was helq thereafter· at which there was a quorum. Section
5 provides that the term of office of elected members shall be for a period
of three years and any further period beyond three years till the date of
the first meeting of the succeeding Board al which the quorum is present. F
What is meant by the "Succeeding Board"? Does it mean the Board minus
the members whose term has expired? Or does it mean a Board with newly
elected/appointed members in replacement of the outgoing? It is the latter
which can be considered as a "Succeeding Board". The Board is a com-
posite body. It is composed of different sets of members who are ap-
pointed or elected by different bodies in different ways. It cannot be G
expected that all sets of members would be always nominated or elected
at the same time. In fact, that is clearly recognised in the Notification of
29th of January, 1986 which has freshly nominated the President and four
nominated members. It has also provided that two other sets of members,
namely, the elected members and the legislative Assembly members whose H
156 SUPRtME COURT REPORTS [1995] SUPP. 4 S.C.R.

A terms have not expired would also continue to be the members of the
Board. The same would, therefore, be true of all categories of members.
If the term of a substantial number of members comes to an end, can the
remaining few function as the Board simply because they are six or mOre
(the quorum figure)? To avoid such a situation, Section 5 provides for
continuation of members in office until the succeeding Board is formed &
B holds a meeting with a quorum.

The first part of Section 5 clearly deals with the duration of the term
of members of the Board and not with the duration of the term of the
Board. It provides that the term of office of members would continue till
c the first meeting (with quorum) of the succeeding Board. The succeeding
Board, therefore, does not refer to a depleted Board without members
whose term has expired. If this were the intention, there would be no point
in continuing the membership of old member till the next meeting of the
Board. In the interregnum between the two meetings, since the Board does
not transact any business, there is no purpose in continuing old members.
D
They might as well cease to hold office on the expiry of three years. The
whole purpose of continuing them till they are replaced is to ensure that
the Board remains properly constituted. Therefore, the succeeding Board
in the context of Section 5 can only mean a succeeding Board at which the
old outgoing members are succeeded by a new set of members. Once they
E are appointed or elected as the case may be, and a meeting of the new
Board with quorum takes place, the previous set of members ceases to be
a part of the Board.

In the present case, therefore, although the President and four
F nominated members had changed from January, 1986, the other existing
members of the Board continued and would continue even after the expiry
of their term until they were replaced by another set of members belonging
to the same category and a meeting of the Board with quorum could be
held. Therefore, the seven elected members whose names had been
notified under the Notification of 17th of August, 1984 continued to be the
G members of the Board even after the expiry of their term since they had
not been replaced by newly elected members and there was no successor
Board. The same Board continued. The seven elected members, therefore,
continued to be the members of the Board and were entitled to attend the
meeting of the Board held on 14th of May, 1988. Since six members
H cons,titute a quorum, the Board meeting had the requisite quorum and,
.,.
BIHAR STATE BOARD OF HOMEOPATHY 1·. ~'TATEIMRS. SUJATA V. MANOHAitJ.] 157

therefore, it had validly passed a Resolution abolishing the eight posts in A
question. The High Court, therefore, V·.:as not right in coming to a con-
clusion that the Board Resolution of 14th of May, ·1988 was not passed by
a duly constituted Board and, therefore, should not be given effect lo.

In the premises, the appeals arc allowed and the judgment and order
of the High Court is set aside. The original writ petitions arc accordingly B
dismissed. Nevertheless, in the event of the said posts being revived or
similar posts being created in future the Board may consider appointing
the six original petitioners or any one or more of them to such posts in
view of their past service by giving a suitable waiver of age bar, if required.
In the circumstances there will be no order as. to costs.
-~
c
R.A Appeal allowed.