THANU RAMversusSTATE OF M.P.

                        [2010] 12 S.C.R. 710


A                           THANU RAM
                                  v.
                         STATE OF M.P.
          (Special Leave Petition (Crl.) No. 5885 of 2009)

                        OCTOBER 05, 2010

           [ALTAMAS KABIR AND A.K. PATNAIK, JJ.]

         Penal Code, 1860 - ss. 498A, 306 and 107 - Married
    woman committed suicide by sprinkling kerosene upon
C   herself and setting herself on fire - Suicide committed by
    victim in her 4th year of marriage when she was six months'
    pregnant - Victim made dying declarq.tion before Naib
    Tahsildar (PW9) in presence of Doctor, PW11, who testified
    that the victim was in a fit mental condition to make the dying
O   declaration befom PW9 - Evidence of the victim's parents
    (PWs2 and 3) and brothers (PWs7 and 13) - Conviction of
    victim's husband under ss. 498A and 306 - Justification of -
    Held: On facts, justified - Ordinarily, a woman in an advanced
    stage of pregnancy would not commit suicide even when
E   treated with cruelty - It is only in extreme circumstances that
    a woman may decide to take her life and that of her unborn
    child when she reaches a point of no return - Dying
    declaration stated in clear and simple language that the victim
    had been treated with both mental and physical cruelty -
F   Element of instigation within the meaning of s.107 /PC duly
    satisfied in view of s. 113A of the Evidence Act - Evidence of
    P. Ws. 2, 3, 7, 9, 11 and 13 sufficient to establish the
    prosecution case against the accused-husband - Evidence
    Act, 1872 - s.113A.
G       Evidence Act, 1872 - s. 32 - Dying declaration -
    Appreciation of.

      Words and Phrases - "cruelty" - Meaning of - Penal
  Code, 1860 - ss. 498A and 306.
H                           710
           THANU RAM v. STATE OF M.P.                   711

    The petitioner's wife committed suicide in her             A
matrimonial home by sprinkling kerosene upon herself
and setting herself on fire. She died in the hospital having
suffered 90-95% burn injuries. Prior to her death, she
made a dying declaration to the Naib Tahsildar (PW9).
The Doctor, in whose presence the declaration was made,        B
was examined as P.W.11 to testify that the deceased was
in a fit mental condition to make the dying declaration
before P.W.9. While PW2 and PW3 were the father and
mother of the deceased; PWs 7 and 13 were the
deceased's brothers.                                           c
    According to the prosecution, since the deceased
committed suicide within 7 years of her marriage with the
Petitioner, the presumption under Section 113-A of the
Indian Evidence Act, 1872, was available against the
accused and having regard to the evidence adduced by           D
the prosecution, a case had clearly been made out for
conviction of all the accused persons under Sections 306
and 498-A IPC.

    The petitioner, his father and mother were tried and       E
convicted of the offences punishable under Section 498-
A and 306 of IPC. The High Court acquitted the
Petitioner's father, while confirming the conviction of the
Petitioner and his mother. The Petitioner's mother died
subsequently.                                                  F

     In the instant Special Leave petition, the petitioner
contended that the trial court as well as the High Court
had failed to notice the main ingredient of an offence
under Section 306 IPC, namely, the question of abetment
in the commission of such suicide which has been spelt         G
out in Section 107 IPC; that the meaning of the expression
"cruelty" used in Section 498-A IPC cannot be linked up
with an offence under Section 306 IPC, unless the
"intention" as mentioned in Section 107 IPC or the
                                                               H
    712      SUPREME COURT REPORTS            [2010] 12 S.C.R.

A presumption available under Section 113-A of the Indian
  Evidence Act, were duly satisfied and that on facts, there
  was no evidence on record to indicate that the petitioner
  had, in any way, instigated his wife with the intention of
  making her commit suicide and, accordingly, the charge
B under Section 306 IPC not be sustained. The could
  petitioner urged that in the absence of any intention to
  instigate his wife into committing suicide by his actions,
  which may at best amount to cruelty within the meaning
  of Section 498-A IPC, the provisions of Section 107 IPC
c and Section 113-A of the Indian Evidence Act were not
  attracted to the facts of the case.

        Two basic issues therefore arose for consideration,
  namely, (i) whether the offences complained of under
  Sections 306 and 498-A IPC were at all sustainable, and
D (ii) whether the dying declaration, said to have been made
  by the Petitioner's wife on which the decision of the
  Courts below was based, could have been relied upon
  without proper corroboration.

E         Dismissing the special leave petition, the Court

       HELD:1.1. Section 107 IPC defines abetment to mean
  that a person abets the doing of a thing who instigates a
  person to do that thing. In the instant case, the
  petitioner's wife committed suicide in the 4th year of her
F marriage when she was six months' pregnant. Ordinarily,
  a woman in an advanced stage of pregnancy would not
  commit suicide even when treated with cruelty. It is only
  in extreme circumstances that a woman may decide to
  take her life and that of her unborn child when she
G reaches a point of no return and is in a mental state to
  take her own life. In the instant case, there is no reason
  to disbelieve either P.W.9, Naib Tahsildar and Executive
  Magistrate, or P.W.11, who attended to the victim in the
  hospital. [Para 18] [722-0-F]
H
            THANU RAM v. STATE OF M.P.                    713


       1.2. A dying declaration has to be treated with           A
  caution, since the accused does not get a chance to
  cross-examine the victim. In this case, however, there is
  no ambiguity or irregularity as far as the dying declaration
  is concerned and it has been stated in clear and simple
  language that the victim had been treated with both            B
  mental and physical cruelty and the victim has stated
  quite candidly how she poured kerosene on her body
  and set herself on fire. The evidence of P.W.13, the
 younger brother of the deceased, corroborates the story
  of the prosecution as to the manner in which deceased          c
 was treated by the petitioner, which triggered her
  immediate intention to commit suicide which was the
  culminating point of ill-treatment meted out to her by the
. petitioner and his mother. [Para 18] [722-H; 723-A-B]

      1.3. The element of instigation as understood within       D
the meaning of Section 107 IPC is duly satisfied in this
case in view of the provisions of Section 113-A of the
Indian Evidence Act, 1872, which provides for a
presumption to be arrived at regarding abetment of
suicide by a married woman and certain criteria are also         E
laid down therein. The first criterion is that such suicide
must have been committed within 7 years from the date
of the victim's marriage. Since the deceased committed
suicide in the 4th year of her marriage, such condition is
duly satisfied. The second condition is that the husband         F
or such relative of the husband had subjected the victim
to cruelty which led to the commission of suicide by the
victim. Section 113-A indicates that in such
circumstances, the Court may presume, having regard to
all the circumstances of the case, that such suicide had         G
been abetted by her husband or by such relative of her
husband. In the Explanation to Section 113-A it has also
been indicated that for the purpose of the said Section,
the expression "cruelty" would have the same meaning
                                                                 H
    714      SUPREME COURT REPORTS            [2010] 12 S.C.R.


A as in Section 498-A IPC. Accordingly, if the degree of
  cruelty is such as to warrant a conviction under Section
  498-A IPC, the same may be sufficient for a presumption
  to be drawn under Section 113-A of the Evidence Act in
  harmony with the provisions of Section 107 IPC. [Para
B 19] [723-C-F]

       1.4. Section 113-A of the Indian Evidence Act
  establishes a link between an offence under Section 498-
  A IPC, 107 IPC and 306 IPC, thereby permitting the Court
  to presume the commission of an offence under section
C 107 IPC on the basis of evidence adduced to prove an
  offence under Section 498-A IPC. The evidence of P.Ws.2,
  3, 7, 9, 11 and 13 is sufficient to establish the prosecution
  case against the petitioner under Section 498-A IPC and
  Section 306 IPC. [Para 21] [724-C-D]
D
       Rakesh Kumar v. State of Chhattisgarh (2001) 9 SCC
  618; Ama/endu Pal v. State of West Bengal (2010) 1 SCC
  707; Sushi/ Kumar Sharma it. Union of India & Ors. (2005) 6
  SCC 281; Gangula Mohan Reddy v. State of Andhra Pradesh
E (2010) 1 SCC 750; Randhir Singh & Anr. v. State of Punjab
  (2004) 13 SCC 129 and B. Shashikala v. State of A.P (2004)
  13 sec 249 - distinguished.

                        Case Law Reference:

F         (2001) 9 sec 618      distinguished        Para 8
          (201 O) 1 sec 101     distinguished        Para 9
          (2005) 6 sec 2a1      distinguished        Para 10
          (201 O) 1 sec 150     distinguished        Para 11
G
          (2004) 13 sec 129     distinguished        Para 11
          (2004) 13 sec 249     distinguished        Para 12

      CRIMINAL APPELLATE JURISDICTION: SLP (Criminal)
H No. 5885 of 2009.
            THANU RAM v. STATE OF M P                       715


    From the Judgment & Order dated 14.8.2008 of the High           A
Court of Chatisgarh at Bilaspur in Criminal Appeal No. 454 of
1990.

    Dr. Rajesh Pandey, Mahesh Pandey. Baleshwar Shukla
and Mridula Ray Bharadwaj for the Petitioner
                                                                    B
    Atul Jha and Dharmendra Kumar Sinha for the
Respondent.

    The Judgment of the Court was delivered by

      ALTAMAS KABIR, J. 1. The Petitioner herein. Thanu
                                                                    c
Ram, was married to Hirabai (deceased) in 1984. On 24th
March, 1988, Hirabai committed suicide in her matrimonial
home by sprinkling kerosene upon herself and setting herself
on fire. She died in the hospital on 25th March. 1988. having
suffered 90-95% burn injuries. Prior to her 'death. she made a
                                                                    D
dying declaration to the Naib Tahsildar, JR. Lahre. who was
examined by the prosecution as P.W.9. Dr. K. Vinay Kumar.
in whose presence the declaration was made, was examined
by the prosecution as P.W.11 to testify that Hirabai was in a fit
mental condition to make the dying declaration before P.W 9.        E

     2. The Petitioner, his father. Dhanaram, and mother,
Lachhavantin, were tried and convicted for the offence
punishable under Section 498-A and 306 of the Indian Penal
Code (IPC) and sentenced to undergo Rigorous Imprisonment           F
for 3 years and 5 years, respectively. In appeal before the High
Court, accused Dhanaram was acquitted, while the conviction
and sentence of the Petitioner and his mother were confirmed.

     This Special Leave Petition has been preferred by the
husband of the deceased, Thanu Ram, against the said                G
judgment and order of the High Court. For the sake of record,
it may be mentioned that the Petitioner's mother, Lachhavantin,
died in prison while serving her sentence.

                                                                    H
    716      SUPREME COURT REPORTS               [2010] 12 S.C.R.


A         3. Dr. Rajesh Pandey, learned Advocate for the Petitioner,
    raised two basic issues in the course of his submissions,
    namely, (i) whether the offences complained of under Sections
    306 and 498-A IPC were at all sustainable, and (ii) whether the
    dying declaration, said to have been made by Hirabai on which
s   the decision of the Courts below was based, could have been
    relied upon without proper corroboration.

       4. The prosecution examined 13 witnesses to prove its
  case which was denied by the accused in their statement under
  Section 313 of the Code of Criminal Procedure (Cr.P.C.).
C According to the prosecution, since Hirabai committed suicide
  within 7 years of her marriage with the Petitioner, the
  presumption under Section 113-A of the Indian Evidence Act,
  1872, was available against the accused and having regard to
  the evidence adduced by the prosecution, a case had clearly
D been made out for conviction of all the accused persons under
  Sections 306 and 498-A IPC.

       5. Dr. Pandey urged that the Trial Court as well as the High
  Court had failed to notice the main ingredient of an offence
E under Section 306 IPC, namely, the question of abetment in the
  commission of such suicide which has been spelt out in Section
  107 IPC. Learned counsel pointed out that in order to abet the
  doing of a thing, the abettor must be found to have instigated
  any person to do such thing or engage with one or more person
F or persons in any conspiracy for the doing of that thing.

       6. In addition to the above, Dr. Pandey contended that the
  meaning of the expression "cruelty" used in Section 498-A IPC
  cannot be linked up with an offence under Section 306 IPC,
  unless the "intention" as mentioned in Section 107 IPC or the
G presumption available under Section 113-A of the Indian
  Evidence Act, were duly satisfied. Dr. Pandey submitted that
  in the instant case, there is no evidence on record to indicate
  that the Petitioner had, in any way, instigated Hirabai with the
  intention of making her commit suicide. Accordingly, the charge
H under Section :106 IPC cannot be sustained.
 THANU RAM v. STATE OF M.P. [ALTAMAS KABIR, J.]717


      7. In the course of his aforesaid submissions, Dr. Pandey    A
referred to the evidence of P.W.9, J.R. Lahre, Naib Tahsildar
and Executive Magistrate, who had recorded the dying
declaration of Hirabai at the hospital on 24th March, 2008. From
the evidence of P.W.9, Dr. Pandey pointed out that while
Hirabai had spoken in Chattisgarhi, the said statements were       B
recorded by P.W.9 in Hindi. Dr. Pandey then referred to the
evidence of P .W .11, Dr. K. Vi nay Kumar, who had in his
evidence stated that the deceased had spoken in Hindi, and
not in Chattisgarhi, as stated by P.W.9, and the same had been
recorded in Hindi by P.W.9. Dr. Pandey urged that the said         c
contradictions were sufficient to throw doubt on the veracity of
the dying declaration, which should have been discarded, both
by the Trial Court, as well as by the High Court.

      8. In support of his submissions, learned counsel firstly
referred to a Three-Judge Bench decision of this Court in          D
Rakesh Kumar Vs. State of Chhattisgarh [(2001) 9 SCC 618],
where the same question fell for consideration and it was, inter
alia, held that merely because an accused is found guilty under
Section 498-A IPC, he should not necessarily be held to be
guilty under Section 306 IPC on the basis of the same evidence.    E
It was held that in order to make out a case under Section 306
IPC, the requirements of Section 113-A of the Evidence Act
would have to be satisfied, having particular regard to the
element of instigation and that there must be a reasonable
certainty to incite the conspiracy.                                F

   ~ 9. Reliance was also placed on the decision of this Court
in Amalendu Pal vs. State of West Bengal [(2010) 1 SCC 707],
where this Court was considering whether a case of abetment
of suicide had been made out as provided under Section 107         G
IPC, and it was held that in the absence of any direct evidence
to show that the appellant had by his acts instigated or
provoked the deceased to commit suicide, the offence could
not be brought within the ambit of Section 306 IPC, although,
the conviction under Section 498-A IPC was upheld.
                                                                   H
    718      SUPREME COURT REPORTS               (2010] 12 S.C.R.


A       10. Dr. Pandey also referred to the decision of this Court
  in Sushi/ Kumar Sharma Vs. Union of India & Ors. ((2005) 6
  SCC 281], where the vires of Section 498-A IPC had been
  challenged. In the course of his submissions, the question also
  surfaced as to whether the consequences of "cruelty" within the
B meaning of Section 498-A IPC, which are likely to drive a
  woman to commit suicide, were required to be established in
  order to apply the provisions of Section 498-A IPC. The said
  case examined the provisions of Section 304-8 IPC in relation
  to Section 498-A IPC and the effect of Section 304-B of the
c Evidence Act, and in course of such discussion, it was sought
  to be observed that the basic difference between Sections 306
  IPC and 498-A IPC is that of intention. It was held that under
  Section 498-A IPC, cruelty committed by the husband or his
  relations result in the woman committing suicide, whereas
D Section 306 involves the abetting of an offence under Section
  306 IPC with the intention of making the victim take recourse
  to taking her own life.

        11. Yet another decision of this Court in the case of
  Gangula Mohan Reddy Vs. State of Andhra Pradesh ((2010)
E 1 SCC 750], was referred by Dr. Pandey. In the said decision,
  the Court reiterated the observations made by this Court in
  Randhir Singh & Anr Vs. State of Punjab [(2004) 13 SCC
  129], to the effect that abetment involves a mental process of
  instigating a person or intentionally aiding a person in the doing
F of a thing. Without a positive act on the part of the accused to
  instigate or aid in committing suicide, conviction under Section
  306 IPC cannot be sustained.

        12. In conclusion, learned counsel referred to the decision
G of this Court in B. Shashikala Vs. State of A. P. ((2004) 13 SCC
  249), where a question had arisen regarding recording of the
  dying declaration of the victim in Hindi by the learned Magistrate
  who asked the questions in English with the victim replying in
  Hindi and the Doctor acting as a translator between them. It was
H held that since both the Magistrate and the Doctor had working
THANU RAM v. STATE OF M.P. [ALTAMAS KABIR, J.] 719


knowledge of Hindi and since both had certified about the             A
translation, there was no possibility of the victim making any
tutored statement. The declaration was, therefore, held to be
rightly admitted and relied upon by the Courts below.

     13. Dr. Pandey submitted that in the absence of any
                                                                      B
proven intention on the part of the Petitioner to instigate Hirabai
into committing suicide by his actions, his conviction under
Section 306 IPC could not.be sustained and was liable to be
set aside, even if the evidence adduced made out a case under
Section 498-A IPC.
                                                                      c
     14 The submissions made on behalf of the Petitioner
were strongly resisted on behalf of the State of Chhattisgarh
by Mr. Atul Jha, learned Advocate, who urged that the Trial Court
had held that nothing had been elucidated by the defence from
the evidence of P.W.9 and P.W.11 which could cause the                D
evidence of the said witnesses to be disbelieved. On the other
hand, the Trial Court had observed that from the statements of
P.W.9 and P.W.11 it had been proved beyond doubt that the
.dying declaration of the deceased Hirabai had been correctly
recorded prior to her death. Mr. Jha submitted that the acts of       E
cruelty committed by the accused against Hirabai had been
clearly demonstrated from the evidence of P.W.2, Jodhiram,
father of the deceased, P.W.3, Devsir Bai, mother of the
deceased, and P.Ws. 7 and 13, who are brothers of the
deceased. Mr. Jha submitted that the said acts of mental,             F
physical abuse and cruelty, were sufficient to drive a young
woman to commit suicide within 7 years of her marriage,
notwithstanding the fact that she was six months' pregnant and
such fact was known to the Petitioner. It was submitted that the
intention of the Petitioner to instigate and/or provoke the victim    G
into committing suicide, was writ large on the available
evidence and the judgment of conviction and sentence of the
Trial Court, which was affirmed by the High Court, did not
warrant any interference.

                                                                      H
    720       SUPREME COURT REPORTS                (2010] 12 S.C.R.


A        15. In regard to the several decisions cited by Dr. Pandey,
    Mr. Jha submitted that the principles laid down therein were
    never in question, but the same had only limited application as
    far as the facts of the present case are concerned.

        16. As will be evident from the submissions made on
8
  behalf of the respective parties, and, particularly, those
  advanced by Dr. Pandey, the differences between the
  provisions of Section 498-A IPC and 306 IPC, in the light of
  Section 107 IPC and Section 113-A of the Evidence Act,
  assumes importance. That there is sufficient evidence to bring
C home a charge under Section 498-A IPC, is not seriously
  disputed. What is urged in all earnestness on b• •1alf of the
  Petitioner is that in the absence of any intention to instigate
  Hirabai into committing suicide by his actions, which may at
  best amount to cruelty within the meaning of Section 498-A IPC,
D the provisions of Section 107 !PC and Section 113-A of the
  Indian Evidence Act were not attracted to the facts of the case.

       17. In order to appreciate the legal conundrum which has
  been presented by the facts of this case, the provisions of
E Section 306 and 107 IPC, as also Section 498-A thereof, are
  extracted hereinbelow, along with the provisions of Section 113-
  A of the Evidence Act :

          "Section 306. Abetment of suicide. - If any person
          commits suicide, whoever abets the commission of such
F         suicide, shall be punished with imprisonment of either
          description for a term which may extend to ten years, and
          shall also be liable to fine."

          "107 Abetment of a thing.-A person abets the doing of
G         a thing, who First.- Instigates any person to do that thing;
          or

          Secondly.-Engages with one or more other person or
          persons in any conspiracy for the doing of that thing, if an
          act or illegal omission takes place in pursuance of that
H
THANU RAM v. STATE OF M.P. [ALTAMAS KABIR, J.] 721

   conspiracy, and in order to the doing of that thing; or            A
   Thirdly.-lntentionally aids, by any act or illegal omission, the
   doing of that thing.

   Explanation 1.- A person who, by wilful misrepresentation,
   or by wilful conceal-ment of a material fact which he is           B
   bound to disclose, voluntarily causes or procures, or
   attempts to cause or procure, a thing to be done, is said
   to instigate the doing of that thing.

   Explanation 2.- Whoever, either prior to or at the time of
   the commission of an act, does anything in order to                C
   facilitate the commission of that act, and thereby facilitate
   the commission thereof, is said to aid the doing of that act."

   "498-A. Husband or relative of husband of a woman
   subjecting her to cruelty- Whoever, being the husband or           o
   the relative of the husband of a woman, subjects such
   woman to cruelty shall be punished with imprisonment for
   a term which may extend to three years and shall also be
   liable to fine.

   Explanation.- For the purpose of this section, "cruelty"           E
   means-

   (a) any wilful conduct which is of such a nature as is likely
   to drive the woman to commit suicide or to cause grave
   injury or danger to life, limb or health (whether mental or        F
   physical) of the woman; or

   (b) harassment of the woman where such harassment is
   with a view to coercing her or any person related to her to
   meet any unlawful demand for any property or valuable              G
   security or is on account of failure by her or any person
   related to her to meet such demand."

   "113A. Presumption as to abetment of suicide by a.
   married women.- When the question is whether the
   commission of suicide by a woman had been abetted by H
    722       SUPREME COURT REPORTS               [2010] 12 S.C.R.

A         her husband or any relative of her husband and it is shown
          that she had committed suicide within a period of seven
          years from the date of her marriage and that her husband
          or such relative of her husband had subjected her to
          cruelty, the Court may presume. having regard to all the
8         other circumstances of the case, that such suicide had
          been abetted by her husband or by such relative of her
          husband.

                 Explanation - For the purposes of this section,
          "cruelty" shall have the same meaning as in section 498-
c         A of the Indian Panel Code (45 of 1860)."

        18. Section 107 IPC clearly defines abetment to .nean that
  a person abets the doing of a thing who instigates a person to
  do that thing. The question with which we are confronted is
D whether them is sufficient evidence on record to indicate that
  by any of the acts of cruelty attributed to the Petitioner, there
  was an intention to instigate Hirabai into committing suicide.
  There is no getting away from the fact that Hirabai committed
  suicide in the 4th year of her marriage when she was six
E months' pregnant. Ordinarily, a woman in an advanced stage
  of pregnancy would not commit suicide even when treated with
  cruelty. It is only in extreme circumstances that a woman may
  decide to take her life and that of her unborn child when she
  reaches a point of no return and is in a mental state to take
F her own life. In the instant case, we have the dying declaration
  of the victim Hirabai, which we are inclined to rely upon,
  notwithstanding the objections raised by Dr. Pandey regarding
  its veracity. We see no reason to disbelieve either P.W.9, J.R.
  Lahre, Naib Tahsildar and Executive Magistrate, or P.W.11, Dr.
G K. Vinay Kumar, who attended to Hirabai in the hospital. As is
  well-established, a dying declaration has to be treated with
  caution, since the accused does not get a chance to cross-
  examine the victim. In this case, however, there is no ambiguity
  or irregularity as far as the dying declaration is concerned and
  it has been stated in clear and simple language that the victim
H
THANU RAM v. STATE OF M.P. [ALTAMAS KABIR, J.] 723


had been treated with both mental and physical cruelty and the         A
victim has stated quite candidly how she poured kerosene on
her body and set herself on fire. The evidence of P.W.13, Uttam
Kumar, the younger brother of the deceased, corroborates the
story of the prosecution as to the manner in which Hirabai was
treated by the Petitioner, which triggered her immediate               B
intention to commit suicide which was the culminating point of
ill-treatment meted out to her by the Petitioner and his mother.

      19. In our view, the element of instigation as understood
within the meaning of Section 107 IPC is duly satisfied in this        C
case in view of the provisions of Section 113-A of the Indian
Evidence Act, 1872, which provides for a presumption to be
arrived at regarding abetment of suicide by a married woman
and certain criteria are also laid down therein. The first criterion
is that such suicide must have been committed within 7 years
from the date of the victim's marriage. Since Hirabai committed        0
suicide in the 4th year of her marriage, such condition is duly
satisfied. The second condition is that the husband or such
relative of the husband had subjected the victim to cruelty which
led to the commission of suicide by the victim. Section 113-A
indicates that in such circumstances, the Court may presume,           E
having regard to all the circumstances of the case, that such
suicide had been abetted by her husband or by such relative
of her husband. In the Explanation to Section 113-A it has also
been indicated that for the purpose of the said Section, the
expression "cruelty" would have the same meaning as in                 F
Section 498-A IPC. Accordingly, if the degree of cruelty is such
as to warrant a conviction under Section 498-A IPC, the same
may be sufficient for a presumption to be drawn under Section
113-A of the Evidence Act in harmony with the provisions of
Section 107 IPC.                                                       G
     20. All the decisions on the point cited by Dr. Pandey, deal
with the differences in relation to the provisions of Section 498-
A and Section 306 IPC, except in Sushi/ Kumar Sharma's
case (supra), where the provisions of Section 498-A IPC had
                                                                       H
    724     SUPl~EME COURT REPORTS                [201 O] 12 S.C.R.


A been considered in the context of Section 304-B IPC. In that
  context, it was sought to be explained that the big difference
  between Section 306 IPC and 498-A IPC is that of intention.
  The provisions of Section 113-A of the Indian Evidence Act or
  its impact on an offence under Section 498-A IPC or Section
B 306 IPC vis-a-vis Section 107 IPC was not considered in any
  of these decisions.

        21. In our view, it is the said provision which makes all the
  difference as far as the present case is concerned. Section
  113-A of the Evidence Act establishes a link between an
C offence under Section 498-A IPC, 107 IPC and 306 IPC,
  thereby permitting the Court to presume the commission of an
  offence under section 107 I PC on the basis of evidence
  adduced to prove an offence under Section 498-A IPC. As
  mentioned hereinbefore, the evidence of P.Ws.2, 3, 7, 9, 11
D and 13 is sufficient to establish the prosecution case against
  the Petitioner under Section 498-A IPC and Section 306 IPC.

      22. We, therefore, see no reason to interfere with the
  impugned judgment of the High Court or the Trial Court. The
E Special Leave Petition is, accordingly, dismissed.

   B.B.B.                                          SLP dismissed.