TELECOMMUNICATION RESEARCH CENTRE SCIENTIFIC OFFICERS (CLASS I) ASSOCIATION AND OTHERSversusUNION OF INDIA & OTHERS

TELECOMMUNICATION RESEARCH CENTRE SCIENTIFIC
   OFFICERS (CLASS I) ASSOCIATION AND OTHERS                                  A
                        v.
            UNION OF '!NOIA & OTHERS

                          JANUARY 16, 1987
                                                                              B
      [E.S. VENKATARAMIAH AND K.N. SINGH. JJ. ]

      Constitution of India, 1950: Articles 14 and 16: Civil Services-
Pay parity-Scientific and Technical Officers, class I. Telecommunica-
tion Research Centre-Direct recruits through ,Union Public Service
Commission-Denied special pay admissible to-Departmental Trans-
ferred Officers Class I-Held discriminatory and, ultra vires.                 c
      The recruitment to Class I posts in the Telecommunication
Research Centre of the Posts and Telegraphs Department is made partly
by direct recruitment through the .Union Public Service Commission
and partly through trasfer of Group A and Group ·B Field Officers. The        D
officers brought into the Centre on transfer were being paid special pay
in addition to their pay. The direct recruits were denied this privilege.

      The petitioners 2 to 22, members of the first petitioner-Associa-
tion, who belong to tbe direct recruits category and are working in the
Centre on the same posts, and possess same qualifications, discharge          E
same functions and duties as the transferred officers, and are in the
same pay scales, assailed the denial of special pay to them as. dis-
criminatory and violative of Articles 14 and 16 of the Constitution. Their
cllaim was contested by the Department and the discrimination was
sought to be justified on the ground that the direct recruits were specifi-
cally recruited to the Centre for a limited purpose and their capability,     F
as against transferred officers, selected by the Union Public Service
Commission after rigorous competitive examination, of taking. over a
complete group and directing them to fruitful research was doubtful.

      Allowing the writ petitions, the Court,
                                                                              G
       HELD: I. Denial of special pay to Class I direct recruits in the
Telecommunication Research Centre amounts to violation of-Articles 14
and 16 of the Constitution. They are entitled to the special pay at the
same rates at which it is paid to the transferred officers working in that
Centre with effect from the date from which the latter have been draw-
ing it. [10138-C]                                  -                          H

                                  1007
    1008                   SUPREME COURT REPORTS              [1987] 1 S.C.R.

A         2.1 It is not the case of the Government that the petitioners are
    not eolnpetent and are not able to di5charge their duties. All the rele-
    vant things such as qualifications, functions, duties and responsibilities
    are the same as between the direct recruits and the transferred officials.
    Their scale of pay is also the same. [lOllG-H)

B         2. 2 The special pay is not being paid to the transferred officials
  for compensating their displacement or for their qualifications. It is not
  deputation allowance. It is paid for the arduous and special nature of
  the functions to be discharged in the Telecommunication Research
  Centre. The rigorous test is applied while transferring them to the
  Centre lo prevent· persons of inferior calibre amongst them getting into
C it. lt does not mean that persons who are directly recruited and working
  in the Centre are inferior to those who enter the Centre by transfer. Nor
  it could be said that the transferred officials had lo perform in the
  Centre duties which were not in their general line. There was, thus, no
  justification to deny the special pay al the same rates lo the direct
  recruits working in that Centre. [lOllH; 1012A-B; 1013A)
D                '
          Randhir Singh v. Union of flldia and Others, (1982) 3 SCR, 298
  and M.P. Singh & Others v. Union of India, Writ Petition Nos.
   13097-13176of1984, decided on January 16, 1987, applied.

         Union of India lo pay special pay lo the direct rerruits with effect
E Jtollt the date on which the transferred officers commenced to draw it
  upto date and to continue to pay it in future also as long as the transfer-
  red officers continue to get it. [1013C-D)

           ORIGINAL JURISDICTION: Writ Petition Nos. 3269-3290 of
    1982
F
           (Under Article 32 of the Constitution of India).

           M.S. Ganesh for the Petitioners.

        V. Kanth, C.V. Sobba Rao, Ms. Halida Khatun, N.S. Das
G Bahl and D.N. Misra for the Respondents.

           The Judgment of the Court was delivered by

       VENKAtARAMIAH; J. The first petitioner in these petitions is
  the Telecommunication Research Centre Scientific Officers (Class I)
H Association. the petitioners 2 to 22 are its members. they are working
          TELE. RESEARCH CENTRE v. U.0.1. lVENKATARAMIAH, J.I 1009

    as officers in the Telecommunication Research Centre of the Posts and
                                                                                  A
    Telegraph Department which is direcily under the control of the P&T
    Board of the Ministry of Communications, Government of India. The
    Telecommunication Research Centre is engaged in the research and
    development work concerning the telecommunication equipment for
    the use of the Department and in advising the P&T Board on relevant
    technical matters relating to the introduction of new equipment and           B
    technology in the existing public communication net work. The re-
    cruitment to the different cadres in the Telecommunication Research
    Centre is now being made under the Scientific and Technical Officers
    Grade I (Telecommunications Research Centre of the Posts and Tele-
    graphs Department) Recruitment Rules, 1962 (hereinafter referred to·
    as "the Recruitment Rules") framed by the President under the pro-
    viso to Article 309 of the Constitution of India. During the period           c
    between 1956 and 1962 and further till 1965 all the Class I posts of the
    Scientific and Technical Officers Grade I namely Assistant Director
    and Deputy Director.were manned by the Transferred Field Officers
    belonging to the Indian Telecommunication Service Group A and
    Group B. For the first time the Union Public Service Comll)ission             D
    advertised for the recruitment of 10 Scientific and Technical Officers
    Grade I in the Telecommunications Research Centre under the-
    Recruitment Rules. These were General Central Service Class I posts
+   and they continue to be so till today. In response to the said advertise-
    ment petitioners 2,3 and 4 applied for. recruitment and they were
    selected for appointment to the posts of S&T.O. Grade I. At the time          E
    of the filing of these writ petitions there were in all 21 officers who had
    been recruited at the entry level of Junior Class I posts of S & T.Os
    Grade I. They were recruited in four batches in 1965, 1967, 1970 and
    1973.

          The Class I posts in the Telecommunication Research Centre              F
    consist of the following posts:

          l. Director (Senior Adminstrative Grade Level I)
          2. Additional Director (Senior Administrative Grade Level II)
          3. Deputy Directors (Junior Administrative Grade)                       G
          4. Assistant Directors (Senior Class I)
          5. Scientific and Technical Officers Grade I (Junior Class I).

        The Posts of Deputy Directors, Assistant Directors and S.T.Os
    Grade I are filled by the following methods:                                  H
    1010                   SUPREME COURT REPORTS            (1987] I S.C.R.

                 (a) by direct recruitment through the Union Public Service
A                Commission, (The petitioners belong to this category.
                 They are now holding the posts of Assistant Directors or
                 Deputy Directors since 1975. Direct recruitment to the
                 Telecommunication Research Centre has been disconti-
                 nued.}
B
                 (b) by transfer of Group A Field Officers recruited
                 through the Union Public Service Commission by written
                 examination followed by an interview, (These officers be-
                 long to the Indian Telecommunication Service Group B)           ~
                 and                                                             ·

c                ( c) by transfer of Group B Field Officers who are Posts
                 and Telegraphs departmental promotees belonging to the
                 Telegraph Engineering Service, Group.

        The direct recruits to which category the petitioners belong and
D the Transferred Field Officers Group A working in the Telecommuni-
  cation Research Centre discharge same functions and duties. The
  qualifications for recruitment prescribed in the case of both classes are
  the same. They are in the same pay scales from l. l. 1973 at the compar-
  able levels/grades, i.e., Scientific and Technical Officers Grade I,           ~
  Assistant Directors and Deputy Directors as recommended by the
E Third Pay Commission and accepted by the Government.

          In these petitions, the petitioners have raised two grounds,
    namely, the first relating to the denial of promotional opportunities to
    them on account of the irregular implementation of the rules of pro-
    motion contained in the Recruitment Rules and the second relating to
F   violation of Article 14 and Article 16 of the Constitution by not grant-
    ing them the same special pay which is granted to the transferred
    officers who are working in the Telecommunication Research Centre
    in the same posts and discharging the same functions as the petitoners.

          Having regard to the inadequacy of the material produced by
G   both the sides before us and to the fact that the officers who are likely
    to be affected by the decision are not impleaded as parties by name to
    these petitions, we are of the view that the first question should be left
    open to be decided by the Central Administrative Tribunal. We
    aecordingly express no opinion on the said question.

H          The second question relating to the grant of Special Pay requires
           TELE. RESEARCH CENTRE v. U.0.1. IVENKATARAMIAH, J.) 1011

     to be decided by us. It is seen that the Indian Telecommunication A
     Service Officers who are working in the Telecommunication Research
     Centre are being given Special Pay of Rs. 300, Rs. 200 and Rs. 150 per
     month in addition to their pay scales in the grades of Deputy Director,
     Assistant Director and Scientific and Technical Officers Grade I
     respectively with effect from l. 1.1973. The direct recruits to which
     category the petitioner5 belong are not given any Special Pay in these B
     grades and they are given only the pay at the pay scales prescribed for
     them. It is stated that the total number of officers who are thus getting
     Special Pay is of the order of 275 while only about 25 officers who are
    .direct recruits working in the Telecommunication Research Centre are
     not given Special Pay paid to the others holding the same posts. A
     number of representations had been made earlier by the direct recruits
     but all in vain. It appears that at the official meeting held in May, 1979 c
     with Shri J.A. Dave Secretary, Communications, Government of
     India, there was consensus on the question of granting of Special Pay
     to the direct recruits as in the case of transferred officers as can be seen
     from the letter written by the Association on the petitioners (Anne-
     xure XIX) and that the Director, Telecommunication Research Centre D
     also recommended for granting Special Pay accordingly. But nothing
     came out of all this. Hence the petitioners have filed these petitions
     demanding payment of Special Pay to them also.
+          The discrimination between the direct recruits and the transfer-
    red officers regarding the payment of Special Pay is attempted to be          E
    justified by.the Government in the Counter-affidavit filed by Shri C.L.
    Sumon, Assistant Director General (P & T Directorate). It is stated
    that the petitioners (direct recruits) who are specifically recruited to
    the Telecommunication Research Centre for a limited purpose are not
    entitled to any Special Pay but the transferred officers from the Indian
    Telecommunications Serviee who are selected by the Union Public               F
    Service Commission after a rigorous competition examination need to
    be paid Special Pay. It is alleged that 'it is felt that most of the direct
    recruits TRC officers may be good in small areas in which they are
    working, but their capability of taking over a complete group and
    directing them to fruitful research· is doubtful'. This statement is a
    vague one and has the effect of adding insult to injury. This allegation      G
    appears to be a lame excuse for denying what is legitimately due to the
    direct recruits. It is not the case of the Government that the petitioners
    are not competent and are not able to discharge their duties. All the
    direct recruits are graduate engineers and have been working through-
    out in the Telecommunication Research Centre. They do the same job
    as the transferred officials. The Special Pay is not being paid to the        H
    1012                  SUPREME COURT REPORTS             [1987] 1 S.C.R.

  transferred officials for compensating their displacement or for their
A qualifications. It is not deputation allowance. It is paid for the arduc,us
  and special nature of the functions to be discharged in the Telecom-
  munication Research Centre. The rigorous test is applied while trans-
  ferring them to the Telecommu'.lication Research Centre to prevent
  persons of inferior calibre amongst them getting into the said centre. It
B does not mean that persons who are directly recruited and working in
  the centre are inferior to those who enter the centre by transfer. It is
  interesting to note that the Minister of State for Communications ans-
  wered the question relating to non-payment of Special Pay in the Lok
  Sabha on March 30, 1982 thus:

                "Question No. 5864-Will the Minister of Communica-
c               tions be pleased to state:


               ( c) whether it is a fact that Special Pay is not given to a few
               graduate engineers recruited specifically for TRC when the
D              qualifications, functions, duties and .responsibilities of
               these officers in TRC are the same as those of the field
               officers transferred to TRC and what is the reason for not
               doing so?"

                Answer-Minister of State for Communications:
E
               "
               2. The officers specifically recruited for TRC through
               UPSC, are performing functions for which they are
               recruited, while on the other hand, the officers drawn from
               the ITS cadre, when posted in TRC. are required to
F              perform duties, which are not in their general line."

        It is seen from the above answer thaUhe Government had virtu-
  ally admitted that all relevant things such as qualifications, functions,
  duties and responsibilities are the same as between direct recruits and
  the transferred officials and that the transferred officials had to be paid
G extra amount by way of Special Pay in addition to their scale of pay
  which is the same as the scale of pay of direct recruits because the
  transferred officials had to perform in the Telecommunication
  Research Centre duties which are not in their general line. In another
  part of the same answer it was also admitted that many such transfer-
  red officials were in the Telcecommunication Research Centre for
H more than six years. Still the Government did not show any eagerness
             TELE. RESEARCH CENTRE v. U.0.1. (VENKATARAMIAH, J.)         ion
    to grant special pay to the direct recruits also. We feel that there is no   A
    justification to deny the Special Pay at the same rates to the direct
    recruits working in the Telecommunication Research Centre. Denial
    of Special Pay in the above circumstances to the direct recruits
    amounts to violation of Articles 14 and 16 of the Constitution of India.

         'Following the decision of this Court in RandhirSingh v. Union of B
    India and Others, [ 1982] 3 SCR 298 and the decision of this Court in
    M.P. Singh & Others v. Union of India, (Writ Petition Nos. 13097-
    13176 of 1984 decided today) we hold that the direct recruits (to which
    category the petitioners belong) in the Telecommunication Research
    Centre are entitled to the Special Pay at the same rates at which it is
    paid to the transferred officers working in that centre with effect from C
    the date from which the transferreil officers have been drawing the
    Special Pay. We accordingly direct the Respondent No. I-Union of
    India to pay the special pay to the direct recruits with effect from the
    date on which the transferred officers commenced to draw the Special
    Pay upto date and to continue to pay it in future also as long as the
    transferred officers continue to get it. The arrears of the Special Pay P
    upto date payable to the direct recruits shall be paid within four
    months from today.

          The above petitions are allowed to the above extent. The ques-
+   tion relating to the denial of promotional opportunities to the petition-
    ers according to the Recruitment Rules is left open to be agitate<!          E
    before the Central Administrative Tribunal. No costs.

    P.S.S.                                                 Petitions allowed.