SUBHASH KUMAR LATAversusR.C. CHHIBA & ANR.

                          SUBHASH KUMAR LATA
                                                                                   A.
                                    v.
                           R.C. CHHIBA & ANR.

                             SEPTEMBER 23, 1988

              [R.S. PATHAK, CJ AND S. NATARAJAN, J.]                               B

          Delhi Rent Control Act, 1958: Section 21-Rent Controller-
    Duty of-To apply his mind before grant of sanction-Landlord
    obtaining sanction by withholding information that premises.already let
    out-Sanction-Held vitiated by fraud and therefore a nullity.

          Execution applications were filed by the Appellant under section
                                                                                   c
    21 of the Delhi Rent Control Act, 1958 for obtaining.possession. of the
    portions in the occupation of the respondents-Tenants. The. appel-
    lant's case was that she obtained sanction of the Additional Rent Con-
    troller on 26/27th February, 1976 and thereafter leased, out specified
•   portions in her property to the respondents. under· separateleases for a D·
    limited period of two years commencing from March· I, 1976. The rear
    portion in the ground floor was leased out to one tenant and the first
    and second floor were leased out to another tenant. Each tenant was to
    pay a sum of Rs.850 per month. The execution applications were filed
    by the appellant against the two respondents as they failed. to vacate the
    portion leased out to.them at the end of the two year period.              E

           The two respondents put up a common defence contending, that
    there was a single ·tenancy and not two tenancies,. they were jointly
    inducted into possession of the entire leased portion in the month of
    December, 1975, under an oral lease and the tenancy was•.therefore not
    referable to the sanction given by the Additional Rent Controller on F
    26/27th February, 1976. They placed reliance on the payment of
    Rs. I, 700 on 10th December, 1975 as security deposit, and three. months·.
    advance payment of rent of Rs.5,100 by means of cheque on 29th



'   December, 1975.

          The Rent· Controller after inquiry and consideration· of the
    evidence accepted the case of the. respondents, and held that an oral
    tenancy having been granted in favour of the respondents even in the
    month of December, 1975 their tenancy rights were not governed by the
                                                                                   G·



    sanction given by the Additional Rent Controller under section 21, and·.
    that the saricti~n of the Rent Controller was vitiated by fraud inthat i~was
    obtained by. supressing the true facts from the notice of the Rent lfon-       Hi
                                       241
      242         SUPREME COURT REPORTS                [1988) Supp. 3 S.C.R.

A !roller. The execution applications were accordingly dismissed.

           In the appeals preferred to the Rent Control Tribunal, it was held
    that even if the respondents had been inducted into possession in
    December 1975 under an oral tenancy they must be deemed to have
    impliedly surrendered their earlier tenancy the sanction granted by the
J;l Rent (;ontroller on 26/27th February. 1976. It was further held that the
    respondents ought to have brought to the notice of the Rent Con-
    troller without delay the fraud practised by the appellant and since
    they have felled to act ptomptly they were not entitled to seek nul-
    lificatloil of the sanction of the Rent Controller. The Tribunal allowed
    the appeals, held the execution applications were maintainable, and
C directed respondents to deliver possession to the appellant in a month's
    time.
            I
          Second appeals were filed by respondents to the High Court,
    which were allowed. It was held that as the respondents were already
    given tenancy rights they would not be governed by the sanction given
 0 by the Rent Controiler on 26/27th February, 1976, that the sanction
    order itself was unenforceable as It was vitiated by fraud, and that no
    question of Implied surrender ()f the earlier tenancy would arise, when
   ·the Rent Controller gave sanction for limited tenancy rights. The High
    Court restored the order of the Rent Controller dismissing the execu-
    tion appeals.

            Dismissing the appeals hy the landlord, the Court,

             HELD: 1. What section 21 envisages Is the creation of tenancy
      l'lghts after getting the sanction of the Rent Controller. Such being the
      case, the landlord should make known to the Rent Controller, If there Is
f     already a tenant In occupation of the premises, the factum of his posses·
      sion and the terms of the tenancy and satisfy the Rent Controller that
      notwithstanding a tenant being In occupation of the premises under an
      earlier tenancy lie should be granted sanction under section 21 to confer ,
      limited tenancy rights In favour of the existing tenant himself or In
                            0


      favour of new tenant. [249D-E]

            2. Section 21 was not Intended to obtain 'post-facto' sanction of a
      tenancy that had already been created by supresslng relevant lnforma·
      tlon from the Rent Controller so as to enable the landlord to straight
      away recover possession of the leased property by filing an application
      under section 21 after the expiry of the perlocl for which permission to
J!1   lease had been granted by the Rent Controller. l249E-t'J
                            S.K. LATA v. R.C. CHHIBA                      243

            3. Besides what the parties.say, the Rent Controller has to apply
                                                                                 A
     bis mind before granting sanction under s. 21 because the order passed
     by him bas legal con~quences and will govern the rights of the parties
     to the tenancy that is to follow in terms of the sanction. [251C]
.-
          S.B. Noronah v. Prem Kumari, [1980] 1SCR281; J.R. Vohra v.
     Indian Export House Pvt. Ltd., [1985] l SCC 712 at 723; Jnder Mohan         B
     Lal v. Ramesh Khanna, [1987] IV SCC 1 at page 9; and Joginder
     Kumar Butan v. R.P. Oberai, [1987] (IV) SCC page 20 at 29 referred
     to.

           4. A statement made in contravention of facts, whether made by
     one or both the contracting parties, cannot alter the truth of the situa·
     tion or cure the lacuna of withholding of relevant information. l249H]      c
           In the instant case, it is inconceivable that Irrespective of the
     differences in the size and nature of the two portions, the respondents
     would have consented to pay the same rate of rent to the appellant for
     the portions alleged to have been leased out to them. The tenancies D
     granted to the two respondents are for the same period l.e from March
     1, 1976 to 28 February, 1978. If all these factors are taken note of the
     only conclusion that can be reached Is that only a single tenancy In
     favour of both the respondents should have been created for the entire
     leased portion and not two tenancies·, one for the ground floor, and the
     other for the first and second floor. The story of two tenancies put · E
     forward by the appellant is a make-believe affair. [2488-D]

           In the instant case, when the appellant had already put the re·
     spondent In possession of the property In December, 1975, she could not
     have bona fide made a statement before the Rent Controller that she
     would not be requiring the premises for her own occupation from 1st         F.
     March 1976 onward for a period of two years. The fact that respondent
     also appeared before the Rent Controller and gave statements in tune·
     with the statement made by the appellant cannot Improve the situation
     In any manner. [249G-H]

           S. The sanction obtained from the Rent Controller under Section       G
     21 was vitiated by fraud and therefore a nullity. It could therefore not    '
     be said that by reason of the respondents having agreed to take limited
     tenancy rights under the order of Rent Controller for a period of two
     years commencing from March 1, 1976 they must be deemed to have
     Impliedly surrendere\I, their earlier tenancy rights as envisaged under
     clause (f) ofsection 111 of the Transfer of Property Act. [252C-EJ          H
    244          SUPREME COURT REPORTS                 [ 1988) Supp. 3 S.C.R.

           Doe d. Ead of Egrement v. Courtenay, ft843-60] AU.E.R.Rep.
A
    685·,. referrea to.

          CIVIL APPELLATE JURISDICTION: Civil Appeal. Nos.
     !594-t595.of, 1986c

R        From the Judgment andOr<ler dated 23.8.I985of the Delhi· High
    Com;t in•S.A..0. No. 185 and 184of 1983.

         Avadh Behari Rohtagi,. M.S. Maan and B.S. Maan for the
    Appellant·.

         Harish N .. Salve, S.. K. Mehta, Vi jay Makhija, R. Jaganath·
c   Goulay ,. S.A. Sarin and Aman Vachhar, for the Respondents.

           The Judgment of the Court was delivered by

          NAT ARAJAN,. J,,. Both the appeals by special leave have been
D: filed by the same· appellant and. are directed against a common judg-
   ment delivered' by the. High Court of Delhi, in two connected second
   appeals· dismissing the Execution: Applications, filed• by the appellant
   against the respondent<;. in. the two appeals under Section 21 of the
   Delhi Rent Control Act (for short 'the Act' hereinafter). The Execu-
   tion: Applications.were dismissed by the Rent Controller but on appear
E by the appellant herein they were allowed and the tenant/respondent
   in. each: of, the applications was- directed to surrender possession in a
   month's, time. The· High Court, however,. reversed the order of the
   R?entControJ,Tribunal in the· Second Appeals preferred by the respon-
   dents and; dismissed. the Execution· Applicatfons .. The aggrieved. appel-
   lanrhas-preferredthese·appeals..

             It. was the. appellant's case thatshe had· obtained the sanction.of
     the Additional Rent Controller, New Delhi on 26/27.2.76.and there-
     after leased· out specified· portions in lier property bearing no. N-57,
     lltmchshee!Park, New.Delhi:to the respondents under separate leases
     for: a· limited' period of two· years· commencing from· l.3. 76 .. According
 G; tll'hen the, rear portionc in, the ground floor consisting of a drawing,-cum-
  ' dining: haff" a· bed room, a bath· room and other facilities. were leased
     out to-the: tenant Maj. R.C. Chhiba (respondent in CA No. 1594 of
     1986) and. the first.and. second floors comprising of four bed rooms with
     attached• bath· rooms and other facilities were leased out to the tenant
     T:ajinder Tewari (respondent in CA 1595 of 1986) and each of the
l:f, tenanrs. was•. to pay a: sum of Rs,850 per month for the respective
                  S.K ..4-:\TA y. R.C. CHHIBA [NATARAlAN, l:l            245

    portions ieased out to th'<m. On the ground the two respondents failed
                                                                                A
    to vacate the portions leased out to them at the end of the two years
    period, the appellant filod £xecutiDn Applications under Section. 21 of
    the Act to seek an order from ·the Rent Controller for delivery of
•   possession of the leased portions'

           The common defence put forth by the two respondents 'w'as that 'B
    there was a single tenancy and not two tenancies J111d·they were jointly
    inducted into possession of the entire leased portion even in the month
    of December 1975 under an oral lease and as such, their tenancy was
    not referable to the sanction given by the Rent Controller on
    26/27.2.76. Tu substantiate their contentions, the respondents placed
    r.etiance on thepaydlent of a sum of Rs.1,700 bythem·on 10.12.1975 as
    security deposit and .the 'payment of a sum of Rs.5, 100 by means of ·C
    cheque on 29.12.1975 ·towards advance payment of rent for three
    months. They alleged that inspite of their having been inducted into
    possession in December 1975 itself, the respondent mislead them 'by
•   saying that the oral tenancy required formal sanction by the Rent
    Controller and hence they should appear before the Rent Controller D
    and have their statements recorded by him. It wllS only after giving
    their statements before the Rent Controller they suspected the
    motives of the appellant and hen.ce they refused to execute lease deeds
    in the month of March 1976 as-desired by the appellant.

          The Rent Controller. after a detailed consideration of the evi-       E
    dence adduced by the parties accepted the case of the respondents and
    held that an oral tenancy had been created in favour of the respon-
    dents even in the month of December 1975 and as such their tenancy
    rights were not governed by the sanction given by the Rent Controller
    under Section 21 of the Act and further more the sanction of the Rent
    Controller was vitiated by fraud .in that it was obtained by suppressing    F
    the true facts from the. notice of the Rent Controller. It was further
    held that the order of sanction of the Rent Controller suffered from an
    infirmity due to the appellant failing to give the -reasons for her want-
    ing to let out the property for a limited period. We need not however
    concern ourselves about that aspect of the matter.
                                                                                G
          The Rent Control Tribunal, in the appeals preferred to it,
    however differed from the Rent Controller and hel!I that even if dle
    respondents had been inducted into possession in December 1975
    under an oral tenancy, they must be deemed to have impliedly sur-
    rendered their earlier tenancy and consented to acquire fresh tenancy
    rights . under the sanction granted by the Rent Controller on               H
    246         SUPREME COURT REPORTS                I1988] Supp. 3 S.C.R.
    26/27.2. 76. On the question whether the sanction of the Rent Control-
A
    ler was vitiated by fraud, the Appellate Tribunal held that the respon-
    dents ought to have brought to the notice of the Rent Controller
    without delay the fraud practised by th'e appellant and since they had
    failed to act promptly they were not entitle~ to seek nullification of the
    sanction of the Rent Controller on the ground of fraud. In accordance
B   with its conclusion·s, the Tribunal allowed the appeals preferred by the
    appellant and held that the Execution Applications were maintainable
    and directed the respondents to de.liver possession to the appellant of
    the leased portions in a month's time.

          i; was then the turn of the respondents~ f(le second appeals to
    the High Court against the order of the Rent Control Tribunal. The
c   High Court allowed the appeals holding that since the respondents
    were already given tenancy rights they would not be governed by tile
    sanction given by the Rent Controller on 26/27.2.76 and furthermore
    the sanction order itself\vas unenforceable as it was vitiated by fraud.
    The High Court also held that no question of implied iurrender of the
D   earlier tenancy would arise when the Rent Controller gave sallction for
    limited tenancy rights being given to the respondents in as much as the
    purported new lease was void in law and incapable of affording scope
    for any surrender of a ,:>re-existing lease) Consequently the High Court
    allowed the second appeals and ·restored the order of the Rent Con-
    troller dismissing the Execution Applications.
E
         Mr. Rohtagi, learned counsel for the appellant formulated his
    propositions as under to contend that the High Court had erred in\
    allowing the appeals and dismissing the Execution Applications:

          1. The sanction given by the Rent Controller on 26/27.2.76 to
F         the appellant permitting her to grant limited tenancy rights to the
          respondents was fully in accordance with Section 21 of the Act
          and it did not suffer from any defect or infirmity.

          (2) The order of sanction was not vitiated by fraud as the
          respondents were fully in the know of things and were aware of
G         the nature and purpose of the application made before the Rent
          Controller and had willingly appeared before the Rent Control-
          ler a'nd solemnly declared before him that they were willing to
          take the premises on lease for a limited period of two years
          commencing from 1.3 .1976 .
              • •
                ~·
H      · "'-(» In any event the respondents are dis-entitled under law to set
              S.LLATA v. R.C. CHHIBA [NATARAJAN, J.]                  247

       up a plea of fraud to seek nullification of the sanction granted by
                                                                             A
     · ihe Rent Controller because the respondents had not only failed
       to bring forthwith to the notice of the Rent Controller the fraud
      committed by the appellant but on the other hand they had
      availed of the benefit of the permission given by the Rent Con-
       troller for the full period of two years and thereby they had lost
      their powe~ of avoidance of the transaction.                           B

      (4) Even if ~he order of sanction was vitiated by fraud, ihe
      tenancy created thereunder was only a voidable transaction and
      not a void one and, as such, by reason of the respondents having
      failed to avoid the contract and instead having availed the benefit
      of it for the full period of two years, they were not entitled to
      refute the validity or the binding nature of the sanction granted
                                                                             c
      by the Rent Controller for creation of limited tenancy rights in
      their favour.                                            ·

      (5) Even if it were to be held that the respondents had already
      been inducted into possession-of the leased premises on an oral        D
      tenancy in tlie month of December 1975 itself, they must ·be
      deemed to have impliedly surrendered their tenancy rights under
      the oral lease when they agreed to accept -the limited tenancy
      rights given to them in pursuance of the sanction of the Rent
      Controller.
                                                                             E
      Before we examine the contentions of Mr. Rohtagi, we may
appositely advert to certain facts emerging from the evidence and the
inferences resulting therefrom. The relevant factors requiring mention
are as follows.

       The two respondents are not stranger but are brothe_rs and they       F
have been inducted into possessfon on one and the same day, i.e. on
10th December 1975. Though the appellant would say that different
portions of the house were leased out to them under separate
tenancies, the fact remains that a sum of Rs. l,700 had been paid by
them towards security deposit on 10.12.1975. The appellant has no
doubt acknowledged the payment under two receipts but both the               G
receipts have been typed on the same paper. The receipts would read
as if a sum of Rs.850 had been received separately from each one of
them ,but the recital is of no consequence oecause the respondents
have paid the appellant a sum of Rs.5, 100 by means of a single cheque
towards advance rent for a period of three months at the rate of
Rs.1,700 per month. The appellant has tried to explain away the pay-         H
    248         SUPREME COURT REPORTS               [ 1988) Supp. 3 S.C.R.

  ment by saying ~hat the payment represented a sum of Rs.2,550 given
A by each of the respondents for meeting the expenses of white-washing,
  cillonr washing and for ·effecting repairs to the premises. It has, how-
  ever, been found that no such works were carried out. There is the
  further fact that while the ground floor portion leased out consisted of
  only a drawing-cum-dining hall, one bed room and one bathroom, the
B first and second floors consisted of four bed rooms together with bath-
  rooms etc. It is inconceivable that irrespective of the diffetehce 'in the
  size and nature of the two portions the respondents would have con-
  sented to pay the same rate of rent to the appellant for the portions
  alleged to have been leased out to them. It is also worthy of note that
  the tenancies said to have been granted to the two respondents are for
  the same period, i.e. from l.3.76 to 28.2.78. if all these factors ate
C taken note of, the only conclusion that can be reached is that only a
  sing!e tenancy in favour of both the respondents should have been
  created for the entire portion leased out and not two tenancies, viz.
  one for the ground floor and the other for the first and second floors
  and that the story of two tenancies put forward by the appellant is a
D make-believe affair It is in this background the appellant's conten-
  tions have to be examined.

        It is true that the appellant as well as the respondents appeared
  before the Rent Controller on 26/27.2.76 and gave statements to the
  effect that the appellant did not require the use of the leased premises
E for a period of two years commencing from 1.3. 76 and that the respon-
  dents were willing to take the respective portions marked in the plan
  Ex. A-1 produced by the appellant for a limited period but even so the
  question would arise whether the order passed by the Rent Controller
  can be deemed a valid and legal sanction given under Section 21. The
  answer has to be clearly in the negative because the appellant had
F already' let out the premises to the respondents and as such there was
  no question of the appellant not being in need of the leased portion for
  a period of two years from 1.3.76. It has been held in Inder Mohan Lal
  v. Ramesh Khanna, [ 1987) IV SCC 1 at page 9 that in order to attract
  Section 21 four conditions must be fulfilled. The relevant portion reads
  as follows:
G
                "Therefore the first condition must be that the landlord
                must not require the premises either in whole or part of any
                premises for a particular period. Secondly, the landlord
                must obtain the permission of the Controller in the pres-
                cribed manner. Thirdly, letting of the whole or part of the
H               premises must be for residence. Fourthly, such letting out
                   S.K. LATA v. R.C. CHHIBA [NATARAJAN, J.]                 249

                 must be for such period as may be agreed in writing."
                                                                                   A
             Applying the above tests, it may be seen that in this case the very
      first condition has not been fulfilled. When the appellant had already
•     parted with her possession of the leased portions by inducting the
      respondents into possession in December 1975 itself, the statement of
      the appellant before the Rent Controller on 26/27.2.76 made as if she        B
      was in possession of the house and she would not be needing the house
      for her occupation for a period of two years from 1.3. 1976 was a
      meaningless statement besides being a subversive statement as well.
      As pointed out in S.B. Noronah v. Prem Kumari, [1980] J SCR 281
      Section 21 has been provided in the Act to offer a pragmatic com-
      promise formula to satisfy the ever increasing demand of rental accom-       C
      modation by non-owners of houses on the one hand and the reluctance
      of the owners of houses due to genuine apprehension entertained by
      them on the other in letting out their houses in whole or in part even
      when they were not in need of the house or portion of it lest the
      tenants should set up statutory" tenancy rights and refuse to vacate the
      premises at the end of the lease period. What the Section en'>risages is     D
    - the creation of tenancy rights after getting the sanction of the Rent
      Controller. Such being the case the landlord should make known to
      the Rent Controller, if there is already a tenant in occupation of the
      premises, the factum of his possession and the terms of the tenancy
      and satisfy the Rent Controller, that notwithstanding a tenant being in
      occupation of the premises under an earlier tenancy he should be             E
      granted sanction under Section 21 to confer limited tenancy rights in
      favour of the exisllng tenant himself or in favour of a" new tenant.
      Section 21 was not intended to obtain 'post-facto' sanction of a tenancy
      that had already been created by suppressing relevant information
      from the Rent Controller so as to enable the landlord to straightaway
      recover possession of the leased property by filing an application           F
      under Section 21 of the Act after the expiry ohhe period for which
      permission to lease had been granted by the Rent Controller. Such
      being the case when the appellant had already put the respondents in
      possession of the property in December 1975 she could not have bona
      fide ma<l.e a statement before the Rent Controller that she would not
      be requiring the premises for her own occupation from 1.3. 1976              G
      i;mwards for a period of two years. The fact that the respondents also
      appeared before the Rent Controller and gave statements in tune with
      the statement made by the appellant cannot improve the situation in
      any manner because a statement made in contravention of facts,
      whether made by one or both the centracting parties, cannot alter the
      truth of the situation or cure the lacuna of withholding of relevant         I-!
    250        SUPREME COURT REPORTS               [1988] Supp. 3 S.C.R.

A information from the Rent Controller. We cannot therefore accept the
  contention of the appellant's counsel that the order passed by the Rent
  Controller on 26/27.2.76 granting sanction to the appellant to confer
  limited tenancy rights on the respondents did not suffer from any
  defect or infirmity.

B       As regards the next contention of Mr. Rohtagi that the appellant
  had not committed any fraud when she sought for and obtained sanc-
  tion from the Rent Controller to grant limited tenancy rights to the
  respondents and that in any event the respondents were fully in the
  know of things and· were therefore estopped from raising a plea of
  fraud to resist the Execution Applications, the argument is based on a
C misconception of the real perspective from which the matter should be
  viewed. What is of relevance is not whether the appellant had commit-
  ted any fraud upon the respondents but whether the appellant had
  fraudulen_t!J suppressed relevant materials from the notice of the Rent
  Controller and had thereby obtained an order of sanction from the
  Kent Controller to lease out the property for a period of two years
D from 1.3.1976. There is no denying the fact that the appellant had
  failed to disclose to the Rent Controller that she had already inducted
  the respondents into possession and inspite of it she was seeking
  permission under Section 21 in order to restrict the tenancy rights of
  the respondents to a period of two years with effect from 1.3, 1976.
  Hao she disclosed the real state of affairs it is doubtful whether the
E Rent Controller would have given his approval to the appellant to
  restrict the tenancy rights of the respondents, who were already in
  possession, to a period of two years in substitution of the rights avail-
  able to them as statutory· tenants under the Act. We do not however
  rule out the possibility of a Rent Controller granting sanction under
  Section 21 to a landlord to let out his premises in whole or in part for a
F limited period to a t\mant even if the tenant had already been inducted
  into possession but such sanction has to be obtained after a full and
  frank disclosure of all factors including the circumstances under which
  the tenant had been put in possession even before the Rent Control-
  ler's sanction was obtained and before an agreement in writing was
  enterea into between the parties in terms of the sanction. It could be
G that the tenant may have been in urgent need of the premises and
  could not afford to wait to take possession of the house till the legal
  and procedural formalities were gone through on account of some
  exigency such as immediate requirement of the house to celebrate a
  wedding or for a family member to undergo treatment or for the con-
  finement of a daughter or daughter-in-law etc. but in all such cases the
H parties must place all the materials before the Rent Controller while
                                                                            '. '·.-,.


                    S.K. LATA v. R.C. CHHIBA [NATARAJAJ>!, J.]             251

      seeking his sanction under Section 21. The fact that the respondents
                                                                                        A
      had also appeared before the Rent Controller and agreed to take the
      property on lease for a limited period of two years without demur
      cannot obliterate or nullify the fraud committed on the statute. This
      position has been succinctly pointed out in S.B. Noronah v. Prema
      Kumari, (supra) at page 287 in the following words:
                                                                                        B
                  "The fact that a landlord and a potential tenant together
                  apply, setting out the formal ingredients of Section 21, does
                  not relieve the Controller from being vigilant to inquire
                  and satisfy himself about the requisites of the' landlord's
                  non-requirement "for a particular period" and the letting
                  itself being "as a residence"
                                                                                        c
      Therefore, besides what the parties say, the Rent Controller' has to
      apply his mind before granting sanction under Section 21 because the
      order passed by him has legal consequences and will govern the rights
."'   of the parties to the tenancy that is to follow in terms of the sanction.
      This is the proper perspective from which the matter should be viewed.            D
      Forgetting this position, Mr. Rohtagi based his arguments on the foot-
      ing'tiiat wh_at has-been held ~ainst th~appjllant"w!!_s-her perpetration
      of a fraud on the respondents and the respondents being the sufferers
      thereby. It was proceeding on those lines Mr. Rohtagi argued that the
      respondents were not illiterate but highly educated persons, that they
      were fully aware of the nature of the transaction and that they had               E
      willingly consented to the creation of limited tenancy rights in their
      favour and it was only after deriving full benefit under the tenancy
      rights given to them for two years, they were brazenly setting forth a
      plea of fraud and refusing to deliver possession of the leased premises.
      The argument does not merit consideration because we have already
      pointed out that the relevant factor for consideration is not whether             F
      the respondent were victims of a fraud but whether the appellant by
      herself or in collusion with the respondents had fraudulently suppres·
      sect the truth from the Rent Controller and induced him to give his
      sanction under Section 21 so as to restrict the tenancy rights already
      conferred upon the respondents to a period of two years and to enable
      the appellant to initiate execution proceedings straightaway against              G
      the respondents at the expiry of the lease period and have them evicted
      through process of court from the leased premises.

           What is now lefr, is the further contention of the appellant's
      counsel regardmg tne failure of the respondents to have speedily
      brought to the notice of the Rent Controller the fraud committed by               H
                                      '
     252         SUPREME COURT REPORTS               [1988] Supp. 3 S.CR.
·A
    the appellant and to have sought for an. annulment of the permission
    granted under Section' 21. The appellant's counsel placed reliance on
    the observations of this Court in three cases viz. J.R. Vohra v. Indian
    Export House Pvt. Ltd.• [1985] 1 SCC 712 at 723, Inder Mohan Lat's,
    case (supra) para 28' page 17 and Joginder Kumar Butani v. R.P.
 B Oberai, [ 1987] IV SCC 20 at 29 which are all to the effect that the delay
    on the part of the tenant to impugn the permission granted under
    Section 21 by the Rent Controller on the ground of fraud is a relevant
    factor to be taken into consideration by the Court while determining
    the questi_on whether a tenant should not be summarily evicted under
    Section 21. The observations in those cases cannot be of any assistance
 C ·to the appellant for in none of those cases was it found that the sanc-
    tion granted by the Rent Controller under Section 21 was vitiated by
    fraud and was therefore a nullity. None of the decisions lay down that
    where a sanction granted by the Rent Controller under Section 21 is
    rendered void by reason of a fraud practised upon the statute, the
    delay on the part of the tenant in seeking annuhncnt of the order of
 D sanction will cure the order of its voidness.

           Turning now to the last of the contentions of the appellant's
     counsel viz. that by reason of the respondents having agreed to take
     limited tenancy rights under the order of the Rent Controller for a
     period of two years commencing from 1.3.1976 they must be deemed
 E   to have impliedly surrendered their earlier tenancy rights as envisaged
     under Clause (f) of Section 111 of the Transfer of Property Act, it has
     no merit in it because. the High Court has rightly pointed out after
     referring to .Voe d. Earl of Egremeni v. Courtenay, 11843-60 All. E.R.
     Rep. 685] and some decisions of the Hi~h Courts, that "when a new
     lease does not pass an interest according to the contract the acceptance
 F   of it will not operate as a surrender of the former lease; that, in the
     case of a surrender implied by Jaw from the acceptance of a new lease,
     the condition ought also to be understood as implied by Jaw, making
     void the surrender in case the new lease should be made void."

          For all the aforesaid reasons;-the appeals have to fail and will
 G   accordingly stand dismissed but there will Le no order as to costs.

     N.V.K.                                              Appeals dismissed.