SUBHADRA RANI PAL CHOUDHARYversusSHEIRLY WEIGAL NAIN AND ORS.

A                    SUBHADRA RANI PAL CHOUDHARY
                                         v.
                      SHEIRL Y WEIGAL NAIN AND ORS.

                                  APRIL 6, 2005

B                   [ASHOK BHAN AND A.K. MATHUR, JJ.]


            Succession Act, 1925-Sections 247, 227 and 21 I-Grant ofprobate of      +'

     will in favour of sisters in respect of two premises-Challenged by brothers
C    in first appeal-During pendency, sisters appointed administrators-cum-Joint
     Receivers-Permission by High Court to lease out both the premises-
     Possessian of only one premises given to lessee and that of other premises
     denied on ground of illegal construction made by lessee-Non-execution of
     lease deed-Application of lessee, dismissal of by High Court-Meanwhile,
    first appeal dismissed, disposing of all pending matters-Suit for specific
D   performance oflease agreement, with leave to sue Joint Receivers-Permission
    granted to sue Joint Receivers in respect offirst premises but no order with
    tregard to other-SLPs dismissed, however, liberty granted to move High
    Court-Direction to Joint Receivers to execute lease deed/or both the premises
    by High Court-Correctness of-Held: Once first appeal filed by brothers
    dismissed, property vested with sister~ and they became absolute owner-
                                                                                    -
                                                                                    '
                                                                                    ,___



E   PropertY no more .custodia legis and Joint Receivers stood discharged-High
    Court had no jurisdiction to pass orders on subsequent applications when
    matter disposed of, as such, order unsustainable-However~ equity created in
    favour of lessee, Jo.int Receivers directed to execute lease deed for first     .
    premises-Further, since no case made out to seek specific relieffor second      1
                                                                                    I
F   premises, grant of damages do not arise-Specific Relief Act, 1963-Section       ~
    21.

          Doctrines-Principle of Merger-Application of-Held, dismissal in
    limine does not amount to upholding of law propounded in decision appealed
    against-So, principle of merger is not applicable-Constitution of India,
G   1950-Article 136.

         Mother executed a will an'd bequeathed two properties in favour of
    her daughters - appellant and J. Both the sisters, being joint executrix
    under the will, filed an application for grant of probate. Brothers contested

H                                     270
          SUBHADRA RANI PAL CHOUDHARY v. SHEIRLYWEIGAL NAIN            271

the same. However, probate was granted in favour of the sisters. Brothers A
filed first appeal before the High Court. During pendency, High Court
appointed the sisters as administrators-cum-joint receivers pendete lite.
Application was also filed seeking permission to lease out both the
premises. High Court granted permission to lease out the premises in
favour of the respondent No 1 'for 2I years. Respondent No. 1 was given B
possession of only one of the premises. He made certain illegal
constructions therein and as such the possession of the other premises was '
not given and also lease deed was not executed for both the premises. Joint
receivers filed suit for modification against respondent but the same was
dismissed for non-prosecution. Respondent filed an application for
direction for possession of the second premises and also for execution of C
lease deed for both the premises. High Court dismissed the application as
the petitioner had not come with clean hands by raising illegal
constructions. Aggrieved, respondent no.I filed SLP. Meanwhile, High
Court dismissed the first appeal by way of compromise between the
parties, which disposed of all the pending applications. Thereafter, D
respondent filed suit for specific performance of the agreement granting
lease of both the premises and also filed an application to sue joint
receivers. High Court granted permission to sue joint receivers in respect
of the first premises but no order was passed in respect of the other
premises. Respondent No.I then filed SLP. Both SLPs' were dismissed.
As per the direction of this Court, respondent filed application before the E
High Court for directions and orders upon the administrator-cum-
receivers. Application was allowed and appellant was directed to execute
the lease deed with regard to both the premises. Hence the present appeal.

      Disposing of the appeal, the Court
                                                                               F
      HELD : 1. Section 211 of the Succession Act, 1925 lays down that
when there is an executor or administrator of the deceased, he is the legal
representative of the deceased for all purposes and all the property vests
in him. Section 227 states that the moment the probate is granted it will
relate back from the date of death of the testator and all property will be
vested in the person in whose favour the probate was granted. Section 247      G
only lays down that administrator can be appointed pendente lite i.e. the
court can appoint administrator who shall have all the rights and powers
of a general administrator other than the right of distributing such estate,
and every such administrator shall be subject to the immediate control of
the court and shall act under its direction. Furthermore, receiver's           H
     272                     SUPREME COURT REPORTS                     [2005] 3 S.C.R.

A . appointment is co-terminus with suit/appeal which if disposed of then the
                                                                                          -
    ·. appointment is brought to an end. The property no more remains custodia
        legis and joint receivers stand discharged. But atthe sa1pe time the court
        has a .power to continue the receiver after the final decree, if the exigencies
      · ofthe case so require. (280·A-C;·282-H; 283-AI            ·

B         Hira/al Patni v. Loonkaran Sethiya and Ors., AIR (1962) SC 21; Gopal
     Lal Chandra v. Amu/yakumar Sur, AIR (1933) Calcutta 234; Bajrangla/
     Khemka and Ors. v. Sm.Sheila Devi and Ors., Vol. 74 Calcutta Weekly Notes
                                                                                          -
                                                                                          !



     444, referred to.

           Law relating to Receivers by Sir John Woodroffe p 83, referred to.
c
         2.1. In the instant case, the Court only permitted the sisters appointed
   as joint receivers to enter into the le.ase agreement to let out the premises
   and, the lease agreement was entered between the parties. It was not the
   direction of the Court that the sisters shall enter into lease agreement. It
D was only a permission which cannot be treated as an order of the Court,
   as if, that Court ha"1 leased out the premises. Therefore, the lease
   agreement was entered into by the Joint Receivers with the permission of
   the Court because the scheduled property was subject matter of the first
 · appeal. After the dismissal of first appeal by the High Court, property
   stood vested with both sisters and they became absolute owner and
E property no more remained custodia /egis. The appointment of Joint
   Receiver came to an end and they stood discharged. The Court did not
   reserve any power to continue the receivers.
                                                (281-H; 282-A-C; 286-E; 283-A]

           2.2. While the order was passed by this Court against which the
F   impugned judgment was passed, it was not brought to the notice of this
    Court that the property was no more' custodia /egis as on that date the
    appeal filed by the brothers of the appellant had already been dismissed
    by way of compromise. It was clearly mentioned in the order by Division
  . Bench that "while disposing the first appeal all the applications stand
G disposed of", meaning thereby, that at that time no matter ~as pending
    in the High Court. Therefore, High Court at the relevant time had no
    jurisdictiOIJ .to pass the order. on tile subsequent application filed by the
    parties when the matter had already been disposed of by it and as such
    the order passed by the High Court was without jurisdiction and cannot
    be sustained. It is true that this Court under the bona fide impression gave
H liberty to the applicant to move the High Court for appropriate relief. But
          SUBHADRA RANI PAL CHOUDHARY v. SHEIRLY WEIGAL NAIN           273

the net result was that both these SLPSs' were dismissed by this Court         A
and no positive direction was passed by this Court but only observation
was made to seek an appropriate remedy before High Court. But at the
time when this application was moved for appropriate direction before
High Court, the Court was no more seized with the matter, as the first
appeal filed before the High Court had already stood disposed. Therefore,      B
the property was neither custodia /egis nor was High Court competent to
pass the impugned order. In fact, by taking recourse to the observation
made by this Court while dismissing SLPs', respondent No. I felt
encouraged to move the High Court and obtained a direction which High
Court was not competent to issue as the property in question was no more
custodia legis. (286-F-H; 287-A-C)                                             C
       2.3. The equity created in favour of respondent no. I cannot be
ignored. The equity requires in the matter that the Court permitted Joint
Receivers to enter into a lease with the respondent no.I, it would be unfair
to leave the respondent no.I high and dry at this distance of time. Division
Bench by its other order did not grant any relief except to sue the joint      D
receiver for execution of the lease deed with regard to the first premises
but denied the possession of the second premises or execution of lease deed
for this property. Therefore, order cannot be passed with regard to the
possession or execution of lease for second premises and the order of High
Court is set aside. But with regard to the first premises, though no lease     E
was executed but possession was handed over to the respondents and they
are in possession since then. Therefore, appellant is directed to execute
the lease deed for remaining period of the 2 I years of lease from the date
the possession was given on same terms and conditions as contain~d in
offer letter and respondent would pay arrears of rent, otherwise appellant
would proceed against respondent no. I in accordance with law. Appellant       F
is also directed to refund the sum paid by respondent no. I towards duty
for second premises. (287-C-GI

      2.4. It cannot be said that by virtue of doctrine of merger the order
of High Court stood merged with the order of this Court. The principle
of merger is not applicable as both the SLP's filed by respondent No.l         G
were dismissed by this Court and, therefore, the orders passed by the
Division Bench of High Court did not stand merged with the order of this
Court. The dismissal in limine does not amount to upholding of the law
propounded in the decision sought to be appealed against.
                                                           [287-G; 288-B-C)    H
    274                    SUPRH;JE COURT REPORTS                  [2005) 3 S.C.R.

A         Kunhayammed and Ors. v. State of Kera/a and Anr., [2000) 6 SCC 359;
    Indian Oil Corporation ltd. v. State of Bihar, [1~861 4 SCC 146; Union of
    lndki v. All India Services Pensioners' Association and Anr., [1988) 2 SCC
    580; Supreme Court Employees' Welfare Association v. Union of India and
    Anr., [1989) 4 SCC 187; CIT, Bangalore v. Shree Majun<itheaware Packing
    Products & Camphor Works, (1998) l SCC 598; P. Nallamma/ and Anr. v.
B   State Represented by Inspector of Police, [1999) 6 SCC 559 and late Nawab
    Sir Mir Osman Ali Khan v. CWT, Hy~erabad, [1986) (Supp.) SCC 700,                -:~
    referred to.
                                   ''
          2.5. Respondent no. 1 has no case to seek specific relief for the second
C   premises and, therefore, no case is' made out for damages. It cannot be
    said that respondent No. 1 suffered damages since the second premises
    was not given to her and as such she could not provide more
    accommodation to admit number of students and suffered loss.
                                                                         [288-C-E)

D           CIVIL APPEL LA TE JURISDICTION : Civil Appeal No. I I 03 of I 998.

         Fonn the Judgment and Order dated 26. I l.97 of the Calcutta High
    Court in F.A.No. 469 of I 980. ·

            D.N. Ray and Mrs. Sumita Ray for the Appellant.
E           Ms. Kamini Jaiswal and Ms: Shomila Bakshi for the Respondent No. I.

            Gaurav Kejriwal and Ms. Ruby Singh Ahuja for the Respondent Nos.
    2'-8.

            The Judgment of the Court was delivered by
F
           A.K. MA THUR, J. This appeal is directed agaiilst an order passed by
    learned Dlvision Bench of Calcutta High Court dated November 26, 1997 in
    First Appeal No.469 of 1980 whereby the Division Bench of the High Court
    allowed the application of the Respondent No. I and directed the appellant to
G   execute the lease deed with regard to premises Nos. 21/1/C and 21/I/D, Gora
    Chand Road, Calcutta-700 014 in terms of the order dated.May 5, 1986
    within a period of six weeks from the date of order   i.e. November 26, 1997
    for ·a period of 21 years· commencing from the date of grant of relevant
    permission by the Court, in default, it would be open to the respondent No.
    l to apply before the trial court for execution of the lease. It was further
H   directed that the respondent No. l was to pay the arrear of occupation charges
        SUBHADRA RANI PAL CHOUDHARY , .. SHEIRLY WEIGAL NAIN (MATHUR, .1.]275

    after adjustment of the amounts already paid by him with regard to the              A
    concerned properties and excluding the period of non-possession of the
    premises No.21/1/C in terms of the letter of offer dated November 12, 1985
    within four weeks to the receiver and the trial court may issue necessary
    directions to the receiver with regard to disbursement of the said amount.
    Aggrieved against this order, the present appeal was filed by the appellant.        l3
-         This case involves a very chequered history. There are two properties
    bearing No.21/1/C and 21/1/D at Gora Chand Road, Calcutta. The said
    properties initially belonged to one Smt. Hemantabala Roy, the mother of the
    appellant. She bequeathed the property in favour of her two daughters,
    Subhadra Rani Pal Choudhary (the appellant herein) and Jyotsnamayee Pal             C
    Choudhary since deceased. Both were joint executrix under the will. The will
    was executed by Smt. Hemantabala Roy in favour of these two daughters on
    April 2, 197 l. The said will was registered on April 12, 197 l. Both the sisters
    moved an. application for grant of probate but the brothers of the appellant
    contested the probate. Therefore, Original Suit No.5 of 1975 was registered.
    However, probate was granted in favour of the daughters. Thereafter, the            D
    brothers of the appellant preferred an appeal before the High Court being
    First Appeal No.469 of 1980. Pending First appeal, the High Court appointed
    Smt. Jyotsnamoyee Pal Chowdhar; and Smt.Subhadra Rani Pal Chowdhary
    as administrators cum- joint receivers pendente lite by order dated 27th April
     1981. During the pendency of this matter, an application was filed for seeking     E
    permission to let out both these premises i.e. Nos. 21/1/C and 21/I/D at Gora
    Chand Road, Calcutta. The Division. Bench of the High Court granted
    permission on April 30, 1985 to proceed and invite offers. Offers were invited
    by issuing advertisement on November 20, 1985 and an offer was made by
    Harvard House, Montessori School on November 12, 1985, respond;;nt No. I
    was In-charge of the said school. The respondent No. 1 being the highest            F
    bidder; her bid was accepted and Court by order dated May 5, 1986 permitted
    joint receivers to lease out premises in favour of the respondent No. I. The
    order dated May 5, 1986 reads as under :

            " Heard learned counsel for the parties.
                                                                                        G
                It appears that the offer made by Harvard House, 17 Camac Street,
            Calcutta-700 017, is the highest. Learned counsel for the opposite
            parties, appellants also agrees to this.

                Leave is accordingly granted to the applicants in terms of prayers
            (a) and (b) of this application to let out the premises to Harvard          H
    276                     SUPREME COURT REPORTS                    [2005] 3 S.C.R.

A           House, 17 Camac Street, Calcutta-700 017 for a period of twenty one
            years on terms contained in the letter of offer dated November 12,
            1985 as annexed to the affidavit-in-reply to this application.

                This application is disposed of as above."

B        As a result of this, the offer of respondent No. I who being the highest
  bidder was accepted and the rent was fixed at Rs. 6500 per month with other
  conditions. The possession of the premises No. 21/l ID , Gora Chand Road,
  Calcutta was given to respondent No. I on June 16, 1986 in terms of the offer
  made by respondent No. 1. The respondent No. 1 paid a sum of Rs. 1,20,000
  as security and rent at the rate of Rs. 6,500 per month and Rs. 900 for the
C maintenance of driving ways and lawns. It was alleged that.the respondent
  No. I also paid a sum of Rs. I 0,000 towards income-tax in respect of premises
  No. 21/1/C. But no possession of the premises No. 2111/C was given to
  respondent No. 1 nor any lease deed was executed in respect of premises No.
  21/l/D. However, a draft lease deed was sent to the joint receivers but it was
D not executed on the ground that the respondent No. I had made illegal
  construction in the premises No. 21/l/D in violati~n of the clause 6 of the
  letter of offer. An application was moved by Respondent No. I before the
  High Court on 12.5.1987 for direction to the joint receivers to deliver
  possession of the premises No. 21/1/C, Gora Chand Road and to execute the
  lease deed in respect of both the premises. The said application of the
E respondent No. 1 was dismissed by the Division Bench of the Calcutta (Justice
  S.P. Das Gosh & Justice L.M. Ghosh) by order dated August 11, 1987. It was
  held that petitioner had not come with clean hands as applicant had raised
  illegal construction in premises No. 21/1/D as alleged by joint receivers.
  Joint receivers were also permitted by the Court on 15.1.1987 to take
F appropriate legal action against applicant. A suit was also filed against applicant
  in Sealdah Court . The Division Bench dismissed the application of applicant
  and declined to grant any relief, either to execJte lease for both the premises,
  i.e., 21/1/D and 21/1/C or permit possession of premises No. 21/1/C. Aggrieved
  against the said order dated August 11, 1987 respondent No. 1. preferred a
  Special Leave Petition before this Court. Meanwhile, the First Appeal filed
G in a probate proceeding by the brothers of the appellant was disposed off by
  the High Court by way of compromise. between the parties on October 3,
   1988. Respondent No. 1 filed T.S. No. 41 of 1989 before learned District
  Judge, Alipore on May 3, 1989 for specific performance of the agreement
  arrived at on May 5, 1986 in pursuance of the order passed by the High
H Court. Then again another application dated 31.3 .1989 was moved before the
    SUBHADRA RANI PAL CHOUDHARY v. SHEIRLYWEIGAL NAIN [MATHUR, J J 277

High Court to sue the joint receivers for specific performance of the agreement      A
for granting lease of both the premises. On December 4, 1989 permission to
sue the joint receivers in respect of premises No. 21/1/D was granted by the
High Court. But no order was passed in respect of premises No. 21/l/C.
Aggrieved against this order the respondent No. 1 filed S.L.P.(C) No. 7489
of 1990 before this Court. Both the Special Leave Petitions came up before           B
this Court and they were dismissed by order dated January 2, 1995. This
Court passed the following order which reads as under:

             "Mr.Jaitley, learned counsel for the petitioner-lessee brings to our
        notice two circumstances viz. (i) that the suit filed by the Joint-
        Receivers for modification has since been dismissed for non-                 C
        prosecution and to the best of the information of his client, there is
        no application for restoration; and (ii) clause 6 of the offer made by
        him, which offer has b.een accepted by the court, does expressly
        contemplate internal modifications at the expense of the lessee which
        the landlord was supposed to permit. Shri Jaitley says that the second
        circumstances was not noticed by the High Court while passing the            D.
        order impugned in SLP) No. 671/88, though it is noticed in the other
        order which is the subject matter of the SLP) No. 7489of1990. Shri
        Jaitley also says that so far as 21/l/C is concerned, possession has not
        yet been delivered to the petitioner-lessee notwithstanding the fact
        that the auction was held as far back as 1986. He says that the lessee       E
        is suffering prejudice on that account.

            We are of the opinion that these are all matters which the High
        Court, which has appointed the Joint Receivers, and which is supposed
        to be in custody of the property, should look into. It is open to the
        petitioner to move the appropriate Division Bench of the High Comt           F
        for directions bringing to their notice all the relevant facts. We are
        sure that on such application being filed, it will be dealt with according
        to law. With these observations the Special Leave Petitions are
        dismissed."

      After this order dated January 2, 1995, present application was moved          G
before the High Court for direction and orders upon the Administrators -
cum- Receivers, that is how the matter came up before the High Court. The
High Court in view of the observations made by this Court allowed the
application and directed as aforesaid. Aggrieved against this impugned order
dated 26th November, 1997 passed by the High Court on application moved
by Respondent No. I (herein) in First Appeal No. 469of1980 (disposed of),            H
A
    278                     SUPREME COURT REPORTS

    the Special Leave Petition had been filed by the appellant.
                                                                      [2005) 3 S.C.R.
                                                                                         --
          In the meanwhile some developments took place which has no material
    bearing, but it was brought to our notice that Respondent No. I went to
    America and she divorced her husband who is managing the School. It was
    also pointed out that after the death of Smt. Jyostnamoyee Pal Choudhary the
B   property had further exchanged hands. But that does not concern us so far as
    the decision in the present appeal is concerned.

          Learned counsel for the appellant submitted that after October 3, 1988
    when the appeal was dismissed by way of compromise between the appellant
C   and her brothers who challenged the probate, the appellant became the absolute
    owner and no direction could be given by the Court as property was no more
    custodia legis. It was also submitted by the learned counsel that by order
    dated May 5, 1986, the High C<~urt permitted the appellant to lease out the
    property, it was only permission sought by joint receiver. The lease deed was
    not executed under the orders of Court. Therefore, the order dated May 5,
D   1986 is not capable of being enforced as the order of the High Court. It was
    also submitted that by order dated August 11, 1987 the High Court had
    overruled the contention of the respondent No. I for enforcement of the order
    dated May 5, 1986 of. the High Court to execute the lease deed for both
    premises. This order was reaffirmed by subsequent order dated 4th December,
    1989 by Division Bench and no direction was given for executing the lease
E   deed in favour of respondent No. I for premises No. 2111/C because of conduct
    of Respondent No. 1 for raising illegal construction contrary to the terms and
    conditions of the letter of offer. It was also submitted that S.L.Ps. were filed
    against both these orders, both orders have been maintained by Apex Court
    and S.L.Ps. were dismissed.
F
         It was also pointed out that it was not brought to notice of this Court
    while SLPs were argued that meanwhile appeal pending before the High
    Court had been disposed of. SLPs were rejected ex parte and no notice was
    given to appellants.

G          As against this learned counsel for the respondent No. l pointed out
    that as per order dated May 5, 1986 the appellant was under obligation to
    execute the lease deed for both the premises. It was also pointed out that the
    property remained custodia legis till the Court released both the executrix as
    joint receivers, they continue to hold the property in trust on behalf of Court.
    It was also contended that the High Court directed by order dated August 11,
H    1987 to joint receiver to file a suit for illegal construction against Respondent
    SUBHADRA RANI PAL CHOUDHARY v. SHEIRLY WEIGAL NAIN [MATHUR, J.J 279

No. I but that suit was not prosecuted and it was dismissed in default.            A
Therefore, the ground of illegal construction does not survive. It was further
contended that by not executing the lease deed for the premises No. 2111/C,
the respondent suffered as she could not acquire premises for accommodating
more students, therefore, the respondent is entitled to damages. It was also
contended that as per the direction of this Court an application was moved         B
by the respondent herein and the Division Bench had rightly approached the
matter and directed appellant to grant lease for both the premises in tenns of
the order dated May 5, 1986.

      So far as the first question rai~ed by the learned counsel for appellant
that once appeal preferred by the brothers of the appellant challenging the        C
grant of probate is dismissed on October 3, 1988, all the applications or
pending matters come to an end, appears to be justified. Once the appeal
stood dismissed then the property stood vested with the sisters. In this
connection, our attention was invited to Sections 211, 227 and 247 of the
Indian Succession Act, 1925. The said sections are reproduced below:
                                                                                   D
       "211. Character and property of executor or administrator as such.-
       (l) The executor or administrator, as the case may be, of a deceased
       person is his legal representative for all purposes, and all the property
       of the deceased person vests in him as such.

       (2) When the deceased was a Hindu, Muhammadan, Buddhist, Sikh,              E
       Jaina or Parsi or an exempted person, nothing herein contained shall
       vest in an executor or administrator any property of the deceased
       person which would otherwise have passed by survivorship to some
       other person.

       227. Effect ofprobate- Probate of a will when granted establishes the       F
       will from the death of the testator, and renders valid all intermediate
       acts of the executor as such.

       247. Administration, pendente lite, - Pending any suit touching the
       validity of the will of a deceased person or for obtaining or revoking      G
       any probate or any grant of letters of administration the Court may
       appoint an administrator of the estate of such deceased person, who
       shall have all the rights and powers of a general administrator, other
       than the right of distributing such estate, and every such administrator
       shall be subject to the immediate control of the Court and shall act
       under its direction."                                                       H
    280                     SUPREME COURT REPORTS                     [2005] 3 S.C.R.

A          According to Section 211, an executor or administrator of a deceased
    person is legal representative for all purposes and all the property of the
    deceased person vests in him. This Section lays down that when there is an
    executor or administrator of the deceased, he is the legal representative of the
    deceased for all purposes and all the property vests in him. Section 227 says
    that after the probate of the will is granted then it becomes effective from the
B   death of the testator and shall render valid all intermediate acts of the executor
    as such. Therefore, according to Section 227, the moment the probate is
    granted it will relate back from the date of death of the testator and all
    property will be vested in the person in whose favour the probate was granted.
    Section 247 only lays down that administrator can be appointed pendente lite
C   i.e. the Court can appoint administrator who shall have all the rights and
    powers of a general administrator other than the right of distributing such
    estate and every such administrator shall be subject to the immediate control
    of the Court and shall act under its direction.

          In this connection, learned counsel for the appellant invited our attention
D   to a decision of the Calcutta High Court in the case of Gopal Lal Chandra
    v. Amulyakumar Sur, reported in AIR (1933) Calcutta 234. It was held by the
    Calcutta High Court as under :

            "The view adopted by. the Calcutta High Court in respect of wills
            after 1870 is that,. on the executors obtaining probate, they immediately
E
            become vested by force of statute with the whole of the estate, which
            beloilg to the testator at the time of his death."

          Learned counsel for the appellant also invited our attention to another
    decision of the Calcutta High Court in the case of Bajranglal Khemka and
F   Ors. v. Sm.Sheila Devi and Ors., reported in Vol. 74 Calcutta Weekly Notes
    444. In this case, the question was that what is the powers of the administrators
    pendente lite and it was observed that the property of the deceased vests with
    the administrator and any application moved by the petitioner pro interesse
    suo and stranger to the action, if aggrieved by the conduct 'of the general
    administrator whether he has a right to obtain redress in an action at law, it
G   was observed that such application is maintainable against the administrator
    pendente lite on the original side. But the question with regard to the title of
    the property cannot be decided. It was observed that as per the Original Side
    Rules specified class of persons can apply and the relief can be asked for by
    such applicant. But it was observed that these Rules or the principles underlying
H   them cannot be invoked by the petitioner whose application is directed against
---       SUBHADRA RANI PAL CHOUDHARY ''· SHEIRLY WEI GAL NAIN [MA THUR, J.)281

      joint administrators pendente lite.                                                A
            As against this, learned counsel for the respondent placed reliance on
      a decision of this Court in the case of Hirata/ Patni v. Loonkaran Sethiya,
      reported in AIR (1962) SC 21 wherein it was held that receivers can be
      continued under orders of court even after disposal of the matter.
                                                                                         B
            Learned counsel for the respondent has also invited our attention to
      another decision of this Court in the case of Kunhayammed and Ors. v. State
      of Kera/a and Anr., reported in [2000] 6 SCC 35_9 and contended that by
      virtue of doctrine of merger the order of the High Court stood merged with
      the order of the Apex Court. Learned counsel for the respondent also invited
      our attention to another decision of this Court in the case of Late Nawab Sir
                                                                                         c
      Mir Osman Ali Khan v. Commissionerof Wealth Tax, Hyderabad, reported in
      [1986] (Supp.) SCC700 wherein their Lordships have held that dismissal of
      Special Leave Petition cannot be constructed as affirmation by Supreme Court
      of the decision from which special leave was sought for. Learned counsel for
      the respondent further invited our attention to the observation from the Law       D
      Relating to Receivers by Sir John Woodroffe at pg.83 which reads as under:

              "When the Court orders a receiver to enter into a contract the contract
              is made with the Court, the approval by the Judge of the offer made
              by the third party constituting the contract. Such party may apply on
              summons that the contract may be given effect to. It is not necessary      E
              that in order to enforce his right, he should institute a suit. A Court
              has complete power to enforce summarily a contract made by it when
              managing or administering an estate, whatever that contract may be.
              Such power of enforcing subsisting contracts made by it is not affected
              by the fact that the Court has ceased to manage the estate before such
              contract is carried out by reason of the dismissal of the suit."
                                                                                         F

            In order to answer this question, we have to first decide whether the
      order dated 5th May, 1986 passed by the High Court amounts to grant of
      lease in favour of Respondent No. I or not? A perusal of the order dated 5th
      May, 1986 makes it clear that the Court permitted the appellant to. enter into
                                                                                         G

-     lease agreement with the respondent. Since both Subhadra Rani Pal Choudhary
      and Jyotsnamoyee Pal Choudhary were appointed as Joint Receivers, an
      application was filed by them seeking permission from the Court to lease out
      premises because the property had liabilities to discharge. The Court only
      permitted the parties to enter into the lease agreement and, the lease agreement
      was entered between the parties. The Court only granted leave to the applicants    H
    282                    SUPREME COURT REPORTS                      [2005] 3 S.C.R.

A   in terms of prayer "a" & "b" to let out the premises to Harvard House, for
    a period of 21 years as per the terms and conditions in the letter of offer
    dated November 12, 1985. Therefore, it was not an order of the Court to lease
    out the property but only permission was granted to the Joint Receivers to
    proceed with the lease agreement of the scheduled property.

B          It was not the direction of the Court that the appellant shall enter into
    lease. agreement. It was only a permission and that cannot be treated as an
    order of the Court, as if, that Cour had leased out ~he premises. Therefore,
    tpis should be made clear that the lease agreement was entered into by the
    Joint Receivers with the per~ission of the Court because the scheduled
C   property was subject matter of the first appeal.

          Once the first appeal is dismissed then property no more remain custodia
    legis and joint receivers stand discharged. In this connection reference may
    be made to a decision of this Court reported in AIR (1962) Supreme Court
    21 V 49 C4, Hirata! Patni v. Loonkaran Sethiya and Ors., in which it was
D   observed as under:

            "Civil P.C. (1908), S.51 (d), 0.40, R. l. - Appointment of receiver in
            suit - Duration of appointment - Rules as to.

               Neither S.51 (d) nor Order 40 of the Code of Civil Procedure
           prescribes for the termination of the office of receivership. The law
E          on the point may briefly be stated thus: (1) If a receiver is appointed
           in a suit until judgment, the appointment is brought to an end by the
           judgment in the action. (2) If a receiver is appointed in a suit, without
           his tenure being expressly defined, he will continue to be receiver till
           he is discharged. (3) But, after the final disposal of the suit as between
F          the parties to the litigation, the receiver's functions are terminated, he
           would still be answerable to the court as its officer till he is finally
           discharged. (4) The court has ample power to continue the receiver
           even after the final decree. If the exigencies of the case so require.

                Held on facts, that the Receivers continued by the preliminary
G           decree are entitled to function in that capacity till they are discharged,
            even though a final decree for the sale of the properties of the             ~
            defendants was passed."

         This Court has summarized the legal position. So far as the appointment
    of receiver is concerned, it was clearly laid down that the receiver's
H   appointment is co-terminus with suit/appeal and if suit or appeal is disposed
    SUBHADRA RANI PAL CHOUDHARY ''· SHEIRL \'WEI GAL NAIN [MA THUR, J.J 283

of then the appointment is brought to an end. But at the same time the court       A
has a power to continue the receiver after the final decree, if the exigencies
of the casl! so require. But in the present case, as mentioned above, the appeal
was dismissed on October 3, 1988 and Court did not reserve any power to
continue the receivers. The Court categorically mentioned that this disposes
of all the pending applications. The Division Bench while dismissing the           B
main appeal made following observation:

        "On the disposal of this appeal, all pending applications, if any shall
        also be deemed to have been disposed of."

      Therefore, so far as the High Court is concerned, High Court completely
disposed of the matter and had no jurisdiction to pass any order on the            C
subsequent application filed by the pa1ties. Thus, in this view of the matter,
we are of the opinion that the order passed by the High Court in purported
observation by this Court which was made in ignorance of the fact that the
appeal had been disposed of, the High Court would not acquire any jurisdiction
to pass any order. The High Court at the relevant time had no jurisdiction to      D
pass the order when the matter had already been disposed of by it. Therefore,
the order passed by the High Comt cannot be sustained.

      The next question is what is the effect of two orders passed by the High
Court. One of the scheduled prope1ties i.e. Premises No. 21/1/D was given
by the Joint Receivers to the respondent and possession thereof was handed         E
over to them on 16th June, 1986. The respondent no. l made certain
construction therein ar:.d, therefore, joint receivers moved-the High Court for
appropriate action in the matter, the respondent No. l also moved the High
Court for direction, for possession of premises 21/l/C and to execute lease
deed for premises 21/l/D and 21/l/C. That matter was disposed of by the
Division Bench of the High Court on 11th August, 1987 and in that the              F
Division Bench passed a detailed order not to offer the possession of the
premises bearing No. 21/l/C or execution of lease for both premises looking
to her conduct as the joint receivers moved the Division Bench that the
respondent No. I was guilty of illegal construction. Though Court earlier
directed joint receiver to file suit against respondent No. l for illegal          G
construction by Order dated 15.1.1987. Suit No. 63 of 1987 was filed for
declaration and injunction against the Respondent No. l in the Court of 3rd
Munsif, Sealdah.

      However, this was not pursued further by the appellant and it came to
be dismissed for default. Thereafter another application was moved by the          H
    284                    SUPREME COURT REPORTS                    [2005] 3 S.C.R.

A   respondent No. before the Division Bench on 31 ST March, 1989 seeking
    leave to sue joint receivers and reiterating all facts as mentioned in their
    application dated May 12, 1987 which was disposed of on I Ith August,
    1987.

           The Division Bench after hearing both the parties at length observed
B   that there is an allegation by the Joint Receivers for illegal construction in
    premises No. 21/1/D of which possession was delivered to Respondent No.I
    on 16th June, 1986 for which the Court has already passed the order on 15th
    January, 1987 to take legal action against the Harvard House, Respondent
    No. I herein for violation of terms of lease with regard to illegal construction
C   on the premises No. 2111 ID and a suit was filed. The Division Bench held
    that in order to get a specific relief, the applicant had to come with clean
    hands and since the applicant had not sought permission for undertaking
    internal modification, therefore, they have lost the equity in their favour. It
    was also observed that meanwhile, an application was already moved on
    22nd July, 1989 for variation and modification of Court's order dated May
D   5, 1986 and that was pending and it would be open for the Division Bench
    to pass an appropriate order either to vary the order dated 5th May, 1986 or
    not . But it was observed that looking to the conduct of the respondent it
    would not be appropriate tq give a direction to execute the lease· deed for
    Premises No. 2.111/C or to deliver possession to the applicant. Therefore, that
E   prayer was rejected. So far as the recovery of sum of Rs. 1,20,000 as security
    for execution of the lease deed in respect of premises No. 21/I/D and also
    a cheque for a sum of Rs. 10,000 sent to the Estate Duty Department for
    execution of lease deed in respect of premises No. 2111/C, the Division
    Bench directed that in the absence of any specific prayer by the applicant for
    the refund of those amounts it would not be proper for the Court to pass any
F   order. However, the Court observed that since the parties already moved the
    court for modification of order dated 5th May, 1986 on 22nd July, 1987 the
    applicant would not be left without any remedy regarding these amounts on
    the analogy of the principles in Section 22(2) of the Specific Relief Act, 1963
    and accordingly, the Division Bench declined to grant any relief in this
G   application. However, the Division Bench took into consideration that the
    respondent herein has already filed a suit in the Civil Court on May 3; 1989
    praying fOr specific performance of the agreement for lease, the leave to sue
    the Joint Receivers was necessary, therefore, after hearing the parties observed
    that the dismissal of the application of the Respondent No. 1 herein on 11th
    August, 1987 would not pose any impediment to grant leave to sue the Joint
H    Receiver-cum- Administrators in respect of Premises No. 2111/D for a suit
    SUBHADRA RANI PAL CHOUDHARY ''· SHEIRL Y WEI GAL NAIN [MA THUR, J.J 285

pending between the parties. But it was made clear that the Court had not            A
gone into the merits of the respective contention that whether despite the
violation of the term No. 6 in the letter of offer dated November 12, 1985
the applicant could maintain a suit for specific performance of the contract.
The relevant portion reads as under :-

           "Regard being had to the facts and circumstances of the present           B
       case, even though the Courts rejected the application for proper
       direction upon the Administrator Pendente lite -cum-Receivers dated
       12.5.1997 by its order dated l l.8.1987 we do not find any legal
       impediment to our granting to the applicant leave to sue the Joint
       Receivers-cum-Administrator Pendente lite in respect of premises No.          C
       21/l/D Gorachand Road, Calcutta for which already a suit is pending
       in between the parties, even though we make it clear that we have not
       ~eally gone into the merits of the respective contentions as made by
       the applicant on the one hand and the contending parties on the other
       as to whether despite the violation of the term no. 6 in the letter of
       offer dated 12.11.1985 the applicant can still maintain a suit for specific   D
       performance of the contract."

      So far as the Premises No. 21/1/C is concerned, the Court found that
since the request of the applicant (respondent therein) was rejected by the
Division Bench on I Ith August, 1987 and against that Order the applicant
had already approached the Apex Court and the same has not been disposed             E
of, the Court declined to interfere and rejected the application . Aggrieved
against this order, another Special Leave Petition was also filed.

       Now, in the light of these two orders passed by the Division Bench, it
clearly shows that so far as the request of the applicant to execute the lease
deed with regard to Premises No. 21/l/D is concerned, the Court has already          F
granted permission to the applicant (respondent Ne. 1 herein) to prosecute its
suit filed before the Court for execution of the lease deed of the aforesaid
premises, but declined to grant any relief for the premises No. 21 /1/C.
Therefore, the prayer of Respondent No. 1 for Specific performance of order
to execute the lease for premises No. 2111/C failed and subsequently Division        G
Bench cannot sit over the matter and review it. The SLPs filed against both
the orders dated 11th August, 1987 and 4th December, 1987 were also
dismissed on 2nd January, 1995, the result was that both the orders stood
affim1ed, though some observations were made by this Court while dismissing
S.L.Ps. without any notice to appellant (herein). More so, all the material
facts were not brought to the notice of this Court, that meanwhile the first         H
    286                    SUPREME COURT REPORTS                   [2005] 3 S.C.R.

A   appeal out of which all the litigations arose had already stood disposed of by
    way of compromise on 3rd October, 1988. However, this Court made
    observation under the impression that the first appeal was still pending. Had
    this fact been brought to the notice of the Court perhaps these observations
    would not have been made.

B          However, after the disposal of both the special leave petitions by the
    Order dated 2.1.1995, an application by the respondent No. I herein before
    the Division Bench of Calcutta High Court inspired by the observation of this
    Court was not warranted. The important fact was suppressed from this court
    that meanwhile appeal had been dismissed and property was no more custodia
C   legis. Yet it was contended before this Court that since the suit filed for
    illegal construction had been dismissed for non-prosecution and no application
    for restoration of the suit has been moved, as per Clause 6 (ii) of the Offer
    letter which was accepted by the Court expressly contemplated the internal
    modification at the expeils'e of lessee which landlord was supposed to permit,
    these contentions were.. noted by this Court while dismissing the S.L.Ps.
D
         After this, present application was filed by respondent No. I before the
    High Court as .aforesaid.

          In this background the argument of learned cour.sel for appellant
    deserves to be accepted. After the dismissal of first appeal by the High Court,
E   property stood vested with both sisters and they became absolute owner and
    property no more remain custodia legis. The appointment of Joint Recefver
    came to an end and they stood discharged. As such, there was no need for
    the Division Bench to consider .the application filed by the applicant
    (respondent herein). In fact, while the order was passed by this Court on 2nd
F   January, 1995 it was not brought to the notice of this Court that the property
    was no more custodia legis as on that date the appeal filed by the brothers
    of the appellant had already been dismissed by way of compromise. It was
    clearly mentioned in the order dated October 3, 1988, as quoted above, "while
    disposing the first appeal that all the applications stand disposed of' meaning
    thereby, that at that time no matter was pending in the High Court and the
G   order passed by the Division Bench was without jurisdiction. It is true that
    this Court on Januarx 2, 1995 under the bona fide impression gave liberty to
    the applicant to move the Calcutta High Court for appropriate relief. But the
    net result is that both these Special Leave Petitions were dismissed by this
    Court and no positive direction was passed by this Court. It was only the
H   observation leaving the respondent No. I to seek an appropriate remedy
               SUBHADRA RANI PAL CHOUDHARY v. SHEIRL Y WEI GAL NAIN [MATHUR, J.]287

           before the Division Bench of the High Court if permissible under the law.           A
           But at the time when this application was moved for appropriate direction
           before the Calcutta High Court, the Calcutta High Court was no more seized
           with the matter, as the first appeal filed before the Calcutta High Court had
           already stood disposed of on 3rd October, 1988. Therefore, the property was
           neither custodia legis nor was the High Court competent to pass the impugned        B
           order. In fact by taking recourse to the observation made by this Court while
           dismissing the Special .Leave Petitions, the respondent No.1 felt encouraged
           to move the High Court and obtained a direction which the High Court was
           not competent to issue as the property in question was no more custodia
           legis.

                  However, we cannot be oblivious of equity created in favour of
                                                                                               c
           Respondent No. l. The equity requires in the matter that the Court permitted
           Joint Receivers to enter into a lease with the respondent No. 1, it would be
           unfair to leave the respondent No. I high and dry at this distance of time. The
           Division Bench by its order dated 4th December, 1988 did not grant any
           relief except to sue the joint receiver for execution of the lease deed with        D
           regard to the premises No. 21/l/D but denied the possession of the premises
           No. 21/l/C or execution of lease deed for this property. Therefore, we are not
           inclined to pass any order with regard to the possession or execution of lease
           for Premises No. 21/1/C and set aside the order of High Court. But so far as
           Premises No. 21/1/D is concerned, though no lease was executed but possession       E-
           was handed over to the respondent No. l herein on 16th June, 1986 and they
           are in possession since then. Therefore, we direct that the appellant shall
           execute the lease deed for remaining period of the 21 years of lease from

-  L-      16th June, 1986 on same terms and conditions as contained in offer letter
           dated 12th November, 1985 and the respondent shall pay arrears of rent, if
           not paid so far and all other money in terms of the Offer dated 12th November,      F
           1985 within one month of the receipt of this Order. In case, the respondent
           fails to pay, it will be open for the appellant to proceed against the respondent
           No. I in accordance with law. The appellant shall refund sum of.Rs. 10,000
           paid by respondent No. 1 towards duty for premises No. 21/1/C 'or adjust
           against dues, if any.
                                                                                               G
    •.
--~ ;,._
                 The learned counsel submitted that the order of High Court stood merged
           with that of the order of this Court, In this connection reference may be made
           to decisions of this Court Kunhayammed and Ors. v. State of Kera/a and
           Anr., reported in (2000] 6 SCC 359; Indian Oil Corporation ltd. v. State of
           Bihar, reported in (1986] 4 SCC 146; Union of India v. All India Services           H
    288                       SUPREME COURT REPORTS                  [2005) 3 S.C.R.

A Pensioners' Association and Anr., reported in [ 1988] 2 sec 580; Supreme
   Court Employee( Welfare Association v. Union of India and Anr., Reported
   in [1989] 4 SCC 187; Commissioner of Income Tax, Bangalore v. Shree
   Majunatheaware Packing Products & Camphor Works, re_ported in [1998] I
   SCC 598 and P. Nallammal and Anr. v. State Represented by Inspector of
B Police, .reported ih [1999] 6, sec 559 ..The principle of merger is not applicable
  .to the present case as both the Special Leave Petitions filed by the respondent
   No. I were dismissed by this Court and, therefore, the orders passed by the
   Division Bench of Calcutta dated llth August; 1987 and 4th December, 1988
   did not stand merge with the order of the Apex Court dated 2. l.l 995. The
   dismissal in limine does not amount to upholding of the law propounded in
C the ~ecision sought to be appealed against.
          It was also contend~d that the respondent No. 1 has suffered damages ·
    because. the premises No. 2111/C was not given to Respondent No.' I and
    Respondent No. I could not provide more accommodation to admit number
    of students and suffered loss. She invited our attention to Section 21 of
D   Spe'Cific Relief Act; and contended that da.mages should be granted. This
    argument is devoid of l'.lny merit as we have already held above that Respondent
    No. 1 has no case to seek specific relief for premises no. 21/1/C, therefore,
    there is n~ case made out for dam.a~es. Hence, this appeal is ·accordingly
    disposed of with no order as to costs: ... ·
E   N).                                                         Appeal disposed of.

                   .. · .·'                            ; .. •