STATE OF RAJASTHANversusUDAI LAL

                          [2008] 8 S.C.R 38


A                    STATE OF RAJASTHAN
                                  V.
                             UOAI LAL
                 (Criminal Appeal No.843 Of 2008)
                            MAY 8, 2008
B
       [DR. ARIJIT PASAYAT AND P. SATHASIVAM, JJ.]

        Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances Act, 1985         •
  - s. 368 ands. 8 rlw s. 15 - Conviction under, by Special Judge,
c NDPS cases - Set aside by High Court in appeal - Chai-
  lenge to - Held: The High Court failed to analyze the evidence
  in proper perspective, and highlighting minor irregularities/
  contradictions, it acquitted accused-Respondent on flimsy
  grounds without assigning sound reasons - It failed to con-
  sider all the relevant materials and circumstances ·- Matter
D
  remitted to High Court for fresh disposal - Code of Criminal
                                                                      ~
  Procedure, 1973 - Chapter XXIX - s.J74.
       Bags containing poppy husk powder were allegedly
  recovered from a truck. Respondent was driving the said
E truck. The Special Judge, NDPS cases, convicted him
  under s.8 r/w s.15 of the Narcotic Drugs and Psychotro-
  pie Substances Act, 1985. Respondent filed appeal be-
  fore the High Court which allowed the same holding that
  the evidence led by the prosecution was not sufficient to
F bring home the guilt of Respondent.                                'r

       In appeal to this Court, the question which arose for
  consideration is whether the prosecution had established
  the charges leveled against Respondent and the High
  Court erred in acquitting him while exercising power un-
G der s.368 read with Chapter XXIX of CrPC.
        Allowing the appeal and remitting the matter to High
                                                                     )-
    Court for fresh disposal, the Court
         HELD:1.1. The onus of proof lies on the prosecution.
H                              38
                                 STATE OF RAJASTHAN v.                   39
                                        UDAI LAL
           J(   To prove the fact that as to whether on 19.08.2001 at 3.15 A
                p.m. Station House Officer, PW7, recovered 119 bags con-
                taining doda powder from the possession of the accused-
                Respondent for which he was not having any permission
                letter, the prosecution recorded the statement of PWs 5,
                6, 7, 11and12. It is true that except PW12, all the witnesses B
                are from the Police Department. Though the prosecution
                has recorded the statement of independent witnesses
          "     PWs 1, 2, 3 and 4, these four independent witnesses have
                been turned hostile. However, the said witnesses have
                admitted to put their signatures at the required place on     c
                the documents prepared on the spot by the prosecution.
                Like P.W.1 other witnesses, namely, P.W.2, P.W.3 and P.W.4
                have also admitted that they put their signatures at the
    ~-
                proper place on the documents prepared by the police.
j
                Also that the Special Judge has pointed out that out of
                                                                               D
         "I-
                these witnesses even a single witness has not given any
                such statement that the said signatures have been taken
                from them under terror, pressure or without their free con-
                sent. The Special Judge has also observed that while the
                said witnesses are educated and have admitted to have
                signed with their free consent, it is proved that all the four E
                witnesses were present on the spot where the prosecu-
                tion party has very much carried out the proceedings.
                These material aspects have not been properly consid-
                ered by the High Court except discarding them on the
         '"?-
                ground that they turned hostile. [Para 7] [44-C-H, 45-A]       F

                     1.2. Among the other witnesses, namely, P.Ws. 5, 6,
                10, 11 and 12 except PW12, others belong to the Police
                Department. However, the High Court has not analyzed
                and adduced any reason for not accepting their evidence
                                                                         G
                except pointing out minor contradictions here and there.
                [Para 8] [45-8]
           {

                    1.3. The High Court failed to take note of the relevant
                aspect, namely, the quantity of recovery articles is quite
                huge (115 bags) which could not be produced in the Court H
    40       SUPREME COURT REPORTS                [2008) 8 S.C.R.


A but on behalf of the prosecution 5 bags have been pro-            '/.
  duced in the Court. It is also seen that besides this, at the
  time of recording the statement, the Investigating Officer
  produced the samples of articles taken from the seized
  articles in the Court. In such circumstance, considering
B the  huge quantity merely because the prosecution has
  not produced all the 119 bags in the Court, an inference
  cannot be drawn against them. The Special Judge had                ~
  rightly noted, that at the time of recording the statement
  Investigating Officer had produced the samples of the
c articles in the Court. This relevant aspect has also not
  been properly dealt with by the High Court. [Para 9] [45-
  C,D,E]
        1.4. Though the High Court found fault with the Spe-
  cial Judge in analyzing the evidence and other materials,               ,.
D on the other hand it is the High Court which f~iled to ana-
  lyze the evidence in proper pers!)ective and highlighted            ~

  the minor irregularities/contradictions and acquitted the
  accused on flimsy grounds without assigning sound rea-
  sons. [Para 1O] [45-F]
E       1.5. The High Court failed to consider all the relevant
  materials and circumstances. Further, s.368 of the NDPS
  Act empowers the High Court to deal with the appeal and
  dispose of the same and exercise all powers conferred
  by Chapter XXIX and Section 374 of the CrPC, in particu-          ~
F lar. It is settled law that when the view taken either by Ses-
  sions Judge or Special Judge was found by the High
  Court to be manifestly wrong and that it had led to mis-
  carriage of justice, the High Court is entitled to interfere
  and set aside the same. Such recourse has not been
G adopted by the High Court in this case. [Para 1O] [46-C,D,E]            '-
                                                                          v·


         Khet Singh vs. Union of India, (2002) 4 SCC 380 - re-
                                                                    '>
    ferred to.
      CRIMINALAPPELLATE JURISDICTION: Criminal Appeal
H NO. 843 of 2008
                  STATE OF RAJASTHAN v.                      41
                 UDAI LAL [P. SATHASIVAM, J.]

     From the final Judgment and Order dated 15.9.2005 of         A
the High Court of Judicature for Rajasthan at Jodhpur in S.B.
Criminal Appeal No. 1050 of 2002
      Milind Kumar and Aruneshwar Gupta for the Appellant.
     The Judgment of the Court was delivered by                   B
     P. SATHASIVAM, J. 1. Leave granted.
      2. State of Rajasthan, aggrieved by the judgment and or-
der dated 15.09.2005 passed by the High Court of Judicature
for Rajasthan at Jodhpur in S.B. Criminal Appeal No. 1050 of      c
2002 acquitting the respondent/Udai Lal, who had been con-
victed by the Special Judge, NDPS cases, Chittorgarh under
Section 8/15 of the Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Sub-
stances Act, 1985 (hereinafter referred to as 'the NDPS Act')
and sentenced him to undergo 10 years' rigorous imprisonment
                                                               0
and a fine of Rs. One lakh, has filed the above appeal.
     3. BRIEF FACTS:
       According to the prosecution, on 19.08.2001, at about 3.05
p.m. one Himmat Singh, Station House Officer, Police Station, E
Chanderiya, received an information from Mukhbir about trans-
porting illicit liquor in truck No. RJ 09/G/0604 and acting on that
information he alongwith Amar Singh P.W.5, Udai Singh P.W.6,
Gopal P.W.11 after calling two motbirs Dinesh Khatik P.W. 1
and Iqbal P.W.2, taking with them the necessary articles for in-
vestigation, started in Government jeep. At 3.15 p.m., as per F
the information received, the said truck arrived there from the
side of Chittor and was got stopped by signaling. The truck was
covered by tarred canvass. After removing the canvass from
the truck, when the truck was searched, the back side of bags
was found to be of maize and in the rest part of the truck there G
were gunny bags. While checking the maize bags, smell of nar-
cotic substance was felt and after giving notice to driver Udai
Lal, he was asked about his option to be searched either by a
Magistrate or Gazetted Officer or Station House Officer him-
self. The driv81 gave his consent in writing to give search to the H
    42       SUPREME COUR.:r REPORTS                [2008] 8 S.C.R.


A   $,H.O. In the search of the truck, 21 bags of maize and 119
    bags of poppy husk were found, which were seized at the spot
    and out of those seized bags two samples of 500 each were .
    taken out from five bags and sealed and marked then and there.
    The rest of the material was also seized and sealed. The ac-
8   cused Udai Lal was arrested and a case against him under
    Section 8/15 of the NDPS Act was registered. During investi-
    gation, the material was found to be got loaded by one Dalchand     )

    Brahmin, as such he was also arrested under Section 8/28 of
    the Act. Challan against both the accused was filed in the Court.
C        The matter came up before the Special Judge, NDPS
  Cases, Chittorgarh and the parties were heard on framing of
  eharge. Charge under Section 8/15 of the Act was framed
  against the accused/Udai Lal while the other accused Dalchand
  Brahmin was left out for the offence under Section 8129 of the
D Act. The accused denied the charge. The prosecution, in sup-
  port of its case, examined P.Ws 1 to 12 and Exh. P-1 to P-22.
  After closing of the prosecution evidence, when the statement
  of the accused was recorded under Section 313 of the CrP.C.,
  he stated that neither he was driving the truck nor the poppy
E h1:1sk was recovered from him. He claimed himself to be inno-
  cent. In defence, the accused examined himself as D.W.1 and
  also examined D.Ws 2-5. The learned Special Judge, after con-
  sidering the materials and hearing both sides, by judgment and
  order dated 02.12.2002, convicted the accused for the offence
F under Section 8/15 of the NDPS Act and sentenced him as men-
  tioned above.
        Aggrieved by the judgment and order passed by the
  learned Special Judge, the accused preferred S.S. Criminal
  Appeal No. 1050. of 2002 before the High Court of Judicature
G for Rajasthan at Jodhpur. By the impugned judgment, the High
  Court, after finding that the evidence led by the prosecution is
  not sufficient to bring home the guilt of the accused interfered
  with the order passed by the Special Judge set aside the con-
                                                                            ~   -
  viction and sentence and allowed the appeal. Questioning the
H order of acquittal by the High Court, the State of Rajasthan
                 STATE OF RAJASTHAN v.                       43
                UDAI LAL [P. SATHASIVAM, J.]

through Secretary, Department of Home Affairs has filed the       A
above appeal.
     4. Heard Mr. Milind Kumar, learned counsel for the appel-
lant and none appeared on behalf of the respondent.
      5. As mentioned above, the respondent/accused was B
charge-sheeted for the offence under Section 8/15 of the NDPS
Act. Learned counsel appearing for the State of Rajasthan sub-
mitted that the High Court was not justified in acquitting the ac-
cused overlooking the fact that the respondent/accused was
found to be illegally transporting narcotic substance and it was c
found proved from oral and documentary evidence that 119
bags containing 4, 717 Kgs of Opium powder have been recov-
ered from the truck on which only respondent/accused was
present and that the truck was in h1s possession. He also sub-
mitted that the ultimate conclusion of the High Court cannot be
                                                                   0
sustained in view of the law laid down by this Court in Khet Singh
vs. Union of India, (2002) 4 SCC 380.
      6. As stated earlier, the prosecution has examined P.Ws 1
to 12 and also produced documentary evidence Exh. P-1 to P-
22, Though the Special Judge, on consideration and apprecia- E
tion of the entire materials, accepted the prosecution case, the
High Court discarded them on the simple ground that first they
turned hostile and secondly their presence itself is doubtful. The
High Court has also adduced another reason for acquittal,
namely, that out of the total of 119 bags recovered, samples F
were taken out only from 5 bags and none of the witnesses could
state their exact weights. It also concluded that the reason for
not producing all the 119 bags before the Court is not convinc-
ing. In the light of the reasons stated in the order of the High
Court, learned counsel for the State of Rajas than took us through G
the entire materials produced by the prosecution. Before ana-
lyzing the same, it is relevant to mention that in order to consoli-
date and amend the law relating to narcotic drugs, to make strin-
gent provisions for the control and regulation of operations re-
lating to narcotic drugs and psychotropic substances, to pro- H
    44        SUPREME COURT REPORTS                     [2008] 8 S.C.R.


A   vide for the forfeiture of property derived from, or used in, illicit   )
    traffic in narcotic drugs and psychotropic substances, to imple-
    ment the provisions of the International Convention on Narcotic
    Drugs and Psychotropic Substances, the Parliament enacted
    NDPS Act in the year 1985. This is a special Act and it has
B   been enacted with a view to make stringent provisions for the
    control and regulation of operations relating to the narcotic drugs
    and psychotropic substances. With this background, let us ana-
    lyze whether prosecution has established the charge leveled
    against the respondent/accused and the High Court is justified
C   in acquitting him while exercising power under Section 36B read
    with Chapter XXIX of the Code of Criminal Procedure, 1973.

         7. It is not in dispute that onus of proof lies on the prosecu-
  tion. To prove the fact that as to whether on 19.08.2001 at 3.15
  p.m. Station House Officer, Himmat Singh recovered 119 bags
D containing doda powder from the possession of the accused/
  l.Jdai Lal for which he was not having any permission letter, the
  prosecution recorded the statement of P.W.5Amar Singh, P.W.6
  Udai Singh, P.W.7 Himmat Singh, P.W.11 Gopal Lal and P.W.12
  Munir Khan. It is true that except Munir Khan, all the witnesses
E a,re from the Police Department. Though the prosecution has
  re;!corded the statement of independent witnesses P.W.1 Dinesh,
  P.W.2 Iqbal, P.W. 3 Ajay, P.W.4 Ramesh, these four indepen-
  dent witnesses have been turned hostile. However, as rightly
  pointed out by learned counsel for the State, the said witnesses
F have admitted to put their signatures at the required place on
  the documents prepared on the spot by the prosecution. Like
  P.W.1 other witnesses, namely, P.W.2, P.W.3 and P.W.4 have
  also admitted that they put their signatures at the proper place
  0111 the documents prepared by the police. It is relevant to note
G that the Special Judge has pointed out that out of these wit-
  nesses even a single witness has not given any such statement
  that the said signatures have been taken from them under ter-
  ror, pressure or without their free consent. The Special Judge
  has also observed that while the said witnesses are educated
  and have admitted to have signed with their free consent, it is
H
                  STATE OF RAJASTHAN v.                        45
                 UDAI LAL [P. SATHASIVAM, J.]

proved that all the four witnesses were present on the spot where A
the prosecution party has very much carried out the proceed-
ings. These material aspects have not been properly consid-
ered by the High Court except discarding them on the ground
that they turned hostile.
      8. Among the other witnesses, namely, P.Ws. 5, 6, 10, 11 B
and 12, as stated earlier, except Munir Khan, others belong to
the Police Department. However, the High Court has not ana-
lyzed and adduced any reason for not accepting their evidence
except pointing out minor contradictions here and there.
                                                                    .c
      9. The High Court failed to take note of the relevant as-
pect, namely, the quantity of recovery articles is quite huge (115
bags) which could not be produced in the court but on behalf of
the prosecution 5 bags have been produced in the Court. It is
also seen that besides this at the time of recording the state-
                                                                     0
ment investigating officer has produced the samples of articles
taken from the seized articles in the Court. In sucl·i circumstance,
considering the huge quantity merely because the prosecution
has not produced all the 119 bags in the Court, an inference
cannot be drawn against them. As mentioned above, and rightly
noted by the Special Judge that at the time of recording the E
statement Investigating Officer had produced the samples of
the articles in the Court. This relevant aspect has also not prop-
erly dealt with by the High Court.
      10. Though the High Court found fault with the Special F
Judge in analyzing the evidence and other materials, on the other
hand it is the High Court which failed to analyze the evidence in
proper perspective and highlighted the minor irregularities/con-
tradictions and acquitted the accused on flimsy grounds with-
out assigning sound reasons. We have already pointed out that G
the NDPS Act being a special Act was enacted with a view to
make stringent provisions for the control and regulation of op-
erations relating to the narcotic drugs and psychotropic sub-
stances. In this regard it is apt and relevant to quote the follow-
ing law laid down by this Court in Khet Singh (supra).
                                                                    H
                           .
    4G        SUPREME COURT REPORTS                   [2008] 8 S.C.R.


A        "16. Law on the point is very clear that even if there is any
         sort of procedural illegality in conducting the search and
         seizure, the evidence collected thereby will not become
         inadmissible and the court would consider all the
         circumstances and find out whether any serious prejudice
B        had been caused to the accused. If the se~rch and seizure
         was in complete defiance of the law and, procedure and
         there was any possibility of the evidence collected likely
         to have been tampered with or interpolated during the
         course of such search or seizure, then, it could be said
         that the evidence is not liable to be admissible in evidence."
c
        In the light of the above principles, we are satisfied that
  the High Court failed to consider all the relevant materials and
  citcumstances Furtrer. Section 368 of the NDPS Act empow-
  ers the High Court to deal with the appeal and dispose of the
D same and exercise all powers conferred by Chapter XX.IX and
  Section 3 7 4 of the Code of Criminal Procedure, in rarticular. It
  is settled law that when the view taken either by Session Judge
  or. Special Judge was found by the High Court to be manifestly
  wrong and that it had led to mis-carriage of justice, the High
E C6urt is entitled to interfere and set aside the same. Such re-
  course has not been adopted by the High Court in this case.

         11. In the ligb.~ of the infirmities pointed out above, we ac-
  cept the State appe.al, set aside the order impugned of the High
  Court and remit the matter for fresh disposal. The High Court is
F requested to restore S.B. Criminal Appeal No. 1050 of 2002
  on its file and dispose of the same afresh in the light of the prin-
  ciples enunciated above after affording opportunity to both par-
  ties. It is made clear that the High Court is free to arrive such
  conclusion on consideration of the entire materials and we have
G no~ expressed anything on the merits of the case. We also re-
  qu~st the High Court to dispose of the appeal as early as pos-
  sible but not later than six months from the date of_ receipt of
  copy of this judgment. The appeal is allowed to this extent.
    s.a.s.                                          Appeal allowed.
H