STATE OF MAHARASHTRAversusSYED UMAR SAYED ABBAS & ORS.

                        [2016] 2 S.C.R. 583



                  STATE OF MAHARASHTRA                                A
                                v.
             SYED UMAR SAYED ABBAS & ORS.
              (Criminal Appeal Nos. 345-346of2012)
                       FEBRUARY 12, 2016                              B

  . [PINAKI CHANDRA GHOSE AND R.K. AGRAWAL, JJ.)
     Penal Code,,1860: ss.302 and 307 r!w s.120-B - Murder - ·
Victim-deceased sitting in panda/ with PW-6 -Accused persons caine
there and opened fire on the victim hitting bullets in his head,' chest c
and various parts of his body at point blank range - When PW-6
tried to run, he was also hit by one bullet - Victim was taken to
hospital where he was declared dead - Conviction by trial court on
the ground that it was conclusively established by TIP and eye
witness testimonies that Al and Al 2 had fired on the deceased and
recovery of weapon along with the ballistic report further D
strengthened the prosecution case - High Court set aside the
conviction granting benefit of doubt - On appeal, held: Evidence
of eye witnesses was not reliable - The testimonies of the witnesses
suffered various infir.mities and, contradictions and the TIP was not
conducted properly and was delayed - High Court rightly granted
                                                                        E
benefit of doubt to the accused as their identiiy was not clearly
established by prosecution.
     Dismissing the appeals, the Court
     HELD: 1. There were five eye-witnesses, including the
injnred eye-witness. PWl allegedly recognized two persons, who         F
shot at the deceased and the injured PW6, as Al and A12, but his
evidence suffered few infirmities. He stated that he first heard
some shots and then some noise like bursting of firecrackers
and saw the accused firing at PW6 when he was running towards
the Police Chowky nearby. The major inconsistency was with
                                                                       G
respect to his deposition regarding the Test Identification Parade
(TIP). He stated that in the TIP held on 30.8.1995, he had
identified four persons out of 10-12 persons standing in the row.
According to the prosecution, the TlP was conducted by PW21
(Special Executive Officer) on 30.9.1995. Even if it is presumed
that the date was stated to be incorrect by mistake, the fact          H
                                583
584            SUPREME COIJRT REPORTS                     [2016] 2 S.C.R.



A     remained that PW21 deposed that he conducted 2 TIPs on that
      day. In the first Parade, he placed Al and one more accused who
      died later and in the second, he placed A3 and A4 for identification.
      At no point of time, 4 accused were put together for identification
      for PWl to identify out of the whole group. This contradiction
      showed that it was not clear as to whether he rightly identified
 B
      the accused. Also, he stated that in another parade held after
      almost a year, he identified Al2. That parade was conducted by
      PW18 (another Special Executive Officer). Al2 was arrested by
      the first week of September, 1996 and thus the TIP was conducted
      on 4.10.1996, but it was too large a gap for PWl to have
c     remembered his face. Also, PWl had stated that he had seen the
      deceased receiving a bullet injury on his forehead but as per the
      post-mortem report, there was no injury on the forehead of the
      deceased as he had been attacked from behind. This makes the
      testimony of PWt even more vulnerable. [Paras 9, 10] [588-D-
      H; 589-A)
 D
           3. The evidence of PW4 another eye-witness, who was the
      son of the deceased and was sitting in his grocery shop at the
      time of the incident. Even PW4 heard the noise of bursting of
      some crackers and then he could sec what was happening in the
      Pandal and he recognized Al in the parade conducted by PW21
 E    on 30.9.1995 and Al2 in the parade conducted by PW18 on
      4.10.1996. PW5 is the first informant who stated that he witnessed
      the incident while he was standing in the first floor gallery of his
      building which was abutting the Panda!. He also deposed that he
      had identified Al and A12 in the TIPs conducted by PW21 and
 F    PW18, respectively. But it is not clear whether he could have
      witnessed the incident from the first floor as the setting up of the
      Pandal was completed and the work of putting tarpaulin over the
      Pandal was done and only the decoration of the frill was going on.
      PW5 deposed before the Court that he does not remember the
      physical appearance of both the suspects seen by him on the date
 G    of incident. It is doubtful whether PW5 could have witnessed the
      incident in the state of commotion when everyone was running
      for shelter due to firing. PW6, the injured eye-witness who
      sustained bullet injuries, deposed that he could not see any of
      the accused and while he was talking to the deceased, he received
 H    a bullet injury and fell unconscious. He stated nothing about the
 STATE OF MAHARASHTRA v. SYED UMAR SAYED ABBAS                             585
                    & ORS.

fact that he was running to the Police Chowky when he got injured.          A
To that extent his testimony did not support the case of the
prosecution as the other prosecution witnesses stated that they
saw the accused falling down due to the iujurywhile he was running
towards the Police Chowky. [Paras 11, 12 and 13] [589-B-F]
     4. The prosecution adduced the testimony of PW7 as an eye-             B
witness, but PW7 did not identify any of the accused/ respondents
in the TIP which can be concluded from the substantive evidence.
In the present case, the incident of firing occurred in the
circumstances wherein much time was not available for the eye-
witnesses to clearly see the accused. In such a situation, it was of
much more importance that the Test Identification Parades were              c
to be conducted without any delay. The first Test Identification
Parade was held by PW21 after about 1Y, months of the incident.
The second Test ldentificatio_n Parade was conducted by PW18
after mo1·e than a year Qf the incident. Even if it is taken into
account that A12 was arrested after a year and within one month             D
thereafter the test Identification Parade was conducted, still it is
itighly doubtful whether the eye-witnesses ·could have
remembered the faces of the accused after such a long period.
Though the incident took place in broad daylight, the time for
which the eye-witnesses could see the accused was not sufficient
for them to observe the distinguishing features of the accused,             E
especially because there was a commotion created after the firing
and everyone was running to shelter themselves from the firing.
The High Court is, therefore, correct in giving the benefit of
doubt to the accused as their identity had not been clearly
established by thC'prosecution. [Paras 14, 17 and 18] [589-G;               F
590-C-G]
       Siddanki Ram Reddy v. State of Andhra Pradesh (2010)
       7 SCC 697: 2010 (8) SCR 1119 - referred to.
                        Case Law Reference
   2010 (8) SCR 1119                 referred to          Para 16           G
    CRlMINALAPPELLATE JURISDICTION: Criminal Appeal N-Os.
345-346of2012.
     From the Judgment and Order dated 15.09.2009 of the High Court
of Judicature at Bombay in Criminal Appeal No. l I33 of2003 and Criminal
Appeal No. 1156 of2003.                                                     H
586            SUPREME COURT REPORTS                          (2016] 2 S.C.R.


A         Kuna] A. Cheema, Addi. Govt. Adv., Nishant Ramakantrao
      Katneshwarkar for the Appellant.
           Mushtaq Ahmad for the Respondents.
           The Judgment of the Court was delivered by

B          PINAKI CHANDRA GHOSE, J. I. These appeals, by special
      leave, have been directed against the judgment and order dated 15 .9.2009
      passed by the High Court of Judicature at Bombay in Criminal Appeal
      No.1133 of 2003 and Criminal Appeal No.1156 of 2003, whereby the
      High Court allowed the criminal appeals filed by the respondents herein
      and acquitted them.
c
            2. The brief facts necessary to dispose of these appeals are that
      on 12.8. I 995, at about 3.00 P.M., Rajendra Rajaram Gupta (deceased),
      who was a social worker belonging to a particular political party and had
      a shop in Mahim area of Mumbai, was sitting in Ganesh festival Panda!
      and was busy talking with one Rajaram Sarfare (PW6-injured eye-
0     witness), who was the Contractor for decoration of the Ganesh festival
      Panda!. As per the prosecution story, when Rajendra Rajaram Gupta
      and PW-6 were talking to each other while sitting on chairs in the Panda!,
      two unknown persons entered the Panda! from Kapad Bazaar Road,
      opened fire on Rajendra Rajaram Gupta and pumped many bullets in his
 E    head, chest and various parts of his body at point blank range.Allegedly,
      the said two assailants were escorted by three other persons. The firing
      noise created commotion in the Panda! and while PW6 tried to run, he
      was also hit by one bullet and he fell down. The assailants managed to
      escape. The deceased Rajendra Rajaram Gupta was taken to Hinduja
      Hospital immediately, where he was declared dead on arrival. The FIR
 F    came to be immediately lodged at 4: 15 P.M. by one eyewitness Rajesh
      TanajiAkre (PW-5), who happened to have seen the incident from the
      first floor gallery of his residential building which was abutting to the
      said Panda!.
          3. After investigation, charges were framed against I 3 accused
 G  person,s (Accused Nos. I to 13) under Sections 302, 307, 120B read with
    Section 34 of the Indian Penal Code, 1860 (hereinafter referred to as
    "IPC") and Sections 25, 27, and 29 of the Arms Act, 1959. Accused
    Nos.2, 5, 6, 8, I 0 and 13 had either died or were absconding during the
    trial. Hence, the trial proceeded against the remaining accused i.e.
 H, Accused Nos. I, 3, 4, 7, 9. 11 and 12.
 STATE OF MAHARASHTRA v. SYED UMAR SAYED.ABBAS                               587
         & ORS. [PINAKI CHANDRA GHOSE, J.)

      4. The Trial Court by its judgment and order dated 23.07.2003           A
convicted Accused Nos.1, 3, 4, 9 and .12 foroffences plfnishable under
Sections 302 and 307 read with Section 120-B of the IPC. Accused
Nos.1, 3, 4 and 12 were also convicted for the offence punishable under
Section 27 of the Arms Act, whereas Accused No.9 was also convicted
for the offence punishable under Section 25 of the Arms Act. Original
                                                                              B
Accused Nos.7 arid 11 were acquitted of all the charges. The High
Court vide the impugned judgment acquitted all the accused of all the
charges by overturning the judgment of the Trial Court.
      5. The State of Maharashtra has filed these appeals against the
acquittal of Accused Nos. I, 3, 4, 9 and 12. Learned Additional
Government Advocate appearing for the State of Maharashtra has inter
                                                                              c
alia reiterated that the judgment of the Trial Court is well reasoned and
well considered; The learned counsel for the respondents have rebutted
the submissions of the appellant by relying upon the judgment of the
High Court pressing that it had gone deeper into the case that the
prosecution could not bring home the charges levelled against the             D
accused.
     6. The Trial Court convicted the accused respondents on the basis
of the testimonies of five eye-witnesses - Heman! Parshuram Akre
(PWl), Ganesh (PW4), Rajesh Tanaji Akre (PW5), Rajaram Sarfare
(PW6) and Kishor Maniklal Damaniya (PW7), out of which PW6 was                E
the injured eye-witness. The Trial Court found their depositions to be
corroborative of each other and also in tandem with the te.stimonies of
PW18 and PW21, the Special Executive Magistrates, who copducted
the Test Identification Parade of the accused. The Trial Co'urt held.thaf,
it was conclusively established by the Test Identification Parade and
eye-witness testimonies that A I and A 12 had fired on the deceased,          F
The recovery of the weapon along with the ballistic report further
strengthens the conclusion. The Trial Court found that the prosecution
has proved its case beyond reasonable doubt and hence the accused
were convicted of the offences charged after being found guilty.
     7. However, the High Court pointed out serious lacunae in the above      G
said evidences and hence the conviction order was set aside and the
benefit of doubt was given to the accused. The High Court is of the
view that the Trial Court had placed unwarranted reliance on the Test
Identification Parades in arriving at the guilt of the accused when the
same suffered major discrepancies along with the inconsisten'cies of the
                                                                              H
588            SUPREME COURT REPORTS                         [2016] 2 S.C.R.


A     depositions of th.e eyewitnesses to that of the injured eyewitness'
      testimony.
            8. We have perused the documentary and oral evidences on record
      and gone through the submissions of both- the appellant State as well as
      the respondents. We shall now examine each and every contention in
 B    light of the arguments adduced before us in the Court. In our considered
      view, the main issue in the case is whether the identity of the accused
      was properly established with the aid of the testimonies of the
      eyewitnesses and whether the Test Identification Parades were conducted
      properly. All the other evidences are secondary and need to be examined
      only ifthe accused can be linked to the crime. To decide the same we
 c    shall analysi; the depositions of the eye-witnesses.
         9. There are five eye-witnesses, incl11ding the injured eye-witness.
   We shall peruse their statements one by one. PW! allegedly recognized
   two persons, who shot at the deceased and the injured PW6, as A I and
   A 12, but his evidence suffers few infirmities. He stated that he first
 D heard some shots and then some noise like bursting of firecrackers and
   saw the accused firing at PW6 when he was running towards the Police
   Chowky nearby. The major inconsistency is with respect to his deposition
   regarding the Test Identification Parade. He stated that in th"e Test
   Identification Parade held on 30.8.1995, at Arthur Road Prison, he had
 E identified four persons out of I 0-12 persons standing in the row. According
   to the prosecution, the Test Identification Parade was conducted by PW2 l
   {Special Executive Officer) on 30.9.1995. Even ifit is presumed thatthe
   date was stated to be incorrect by mistake, the fact remains that PW2 I
   deposed that he conducted 2 Test Identification Parades on that day. In
   the first Parade, he placed A I and one more accused who died later and
 F in the second, he placed A3 and A4 for identification. At no point of time,
   4 accused were put together for identification for PW I to identify out of
   the whole group. This contradiction shows that it is not clear as to whether
   he rightly identified the accused. Also,. he stated that in another parade
   held after almost a year, he identified A 12. That parade was conducted
 G by PW! 8 (another Special Executive Officer). We are aware that A 12
   was arrested by the first week of September, 1996 and thus the Test
    Identification Parade was conducted on 4.10.1996, but it is too large a
    gap for PW! to have remembered his face.
         10. Also, PW! had stated that he had seen the deceased receiving
 H. a bullet injury on his forehead but as per the post-mortem report, there
 STATE OF MAHARASHTRA v. SYED UMAR SAYED ABBAS , 589
         & ORS. [PINAKI CHANDRA GHOSE, J.)
                   .              '

was no injury on the forehead of the deceased as he had been attacked         A
from behind. This makes the testimony of PW! even more vulnerable.
      11 .. We now proceed to peruse the evidence of PW 4 another eye-
witness, who was the son of the deceased and was sitting in his grocery'
shop at the time of the incident and was making payment to one Bhatia
who was not examined by the prosecution. Even PW4 heard the noise             B
of bursting of some crackers and then he could see what was happening
in the Panda I and he recognized A I in the parade conducted by PW2 I
on 30.9.1995 andA12 in the parade conducted by PWl8 on 4.10.)996.
      J2, PW5 "is the first informant who stated that he witnessed the
incident while he was standing in the first floqr gallery of his building     c
which was abutting the Panda!. He also deposed that he had identified
Al andAl2 in the Test Identification Parades conducted by PW21 and
PW! 8, respectively. But it is not clear whether he could have witnessed
the incident from the first floor as the setting up of the Panda! was
completed and the work of putting tarpaulin over the Panda! was done
and only the decoration-~f th~ fril I was going on. It is also pertinent to   D
note that PW5 deposed before the Court that he does not remember the
physical appearance of both the suspects seen by him on the date of
incident. It is doubtful whether PW 5 could have wit11essed the incident
in the state of commotion when everyone was running for shelter due to
firing.                                                                       E
      13. PW6 is the injured eye-witness who sustained bullet injuries.
He deposed that he could not see any of the accused and while he was
talking to the deceased, he received a bullet injury and fell unconscious.
He stated nothing about the fact that he was running to the-Police
Chowky when he got injured. To that extent his testimony does not support     F
the case of the prosecution as the other prosecution witnesses stated
that they saw the accused falling down due to the injury, while he was
running towards the Police Chowky.
      14. The prosecution adduced the testimony of PW7 as an eye-
witness, but.PW? did not identify any of the accused/ respondents in the      G
Test Identification Parade which can be concluded from the substantive
evidence.
     15. The recovery of arms need not-.be discussed by us in detail as
the same has already .been discussed by the High Court to arrive at the
conclusion that it is not trustworthy and incriminating against the
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590               SUPREME COURT REPORTS                          [2016] 2 S.C.R.
'



    A   respondents.
             16. Learned counsel for the accused/respondents has cited the
        decision of this Court in Siddanki Ram Reddy v. State of An<lhra
        Pradesh, [(2010) 7 SCC 697] wherein it was held:
                .. When an attack is made on the injured/deceased by a mob
    B          in a crowded place and the eyewitnesses had little time to see
               the accused, the substantive evidence should be sufficiently
               corroborated by a test identification parade held soon after
               the occurrence and any delay in holding the test identification
               parade may be held to be fatal to the prosecution case. .,
    c       17. It is very clear that in the present tase the incident of firing
      occurred in the circumstances wherein much time was not available for
      the eye-witnesses to clearly see the accused. In such a situation, it was
      of much more importance that the Test Identification Parades were to
      be conducted without any delay. The first Test Identification Parade
    D was held by PW21 after about I Y, months of the incident. The second
      Test Identification Parade was conducted by PW 18 after more than a
      year of the incident. Even if it is taken into account thatA 12 was arrested
      after a year and within one month thereafter the test Identification Parade
      was' conducted, sti II it is highly doubtful whether the eye-witnesses cou Id
      have remembered the faces of the accused after such a long period.
    E Though the incident took place in broad daylight, the time for which the
      eye-witnesses could see the accused was not sufficient for them to
      observe the distinguishing features of the accused, especially because
      there was a commotion created after the firing and everyone was running
      to shelter themselves from the firing.
    F         18. In view of the discussion in the foregoing paragraphs, we are
        of the considered view that the testimonies of the witnesses suffer various
        infirmities and contradictions and the Test Identification Parade was not
        conducted properly and was delayed. The High Court is, therefore, correct
        in giving the benefit of doubt to the accused as their identity had not
        been clearly established by the prosecution.
    G
              19. Thus, in the light of the above discussion, we find no grounds to
        interfere with the judgment passed by the High Court. The appeals are,
        accordingly, dismissed.          -
        Devika Gujral                                             Appeals dismissed.
    H