Holding

The Company is a Government lessee under Section 181 of the Madhya Pradesh Land Revenue Code, 1959, and therefore eviction under Section 182(2)(i) is valid.

Summary

The State of Madhya Pradesh sought to evict Gwalior Dairy Limited (the Company) for failure to pay rent under a lease originally granted for one year and later extended for ten years, and subsequently renewed in 1971. The Company argued it was not a "Government lessee" within the meaning of Section 181 of the Madhya Pradesh Land Revenue Code, 1959, and therefore could not be evicted under the summary procedure of Section 182(2)(i). The High Court accepted this argument and quashed the eviction order. On appeal, the Supreme Court held that the Company, by virtue of holding land from the State Government, is a Government lessee under Section 181, and consequently the eviction proceedings under Section 182(2)(i) were proper. The Court affirmed that the Additional Collector’s finding of rent arrears exceeding three months was a factual determination not open to review. The High Court’s order was set aside and the eviction order restored.

Issues considered

Whether the Company qualifies as a "Government lessee" under Section 181 of the Madhya Pradesh Land Revenue Code, 1959.
Whether eviction proceedings under Section 182(2)(i) of the same Code are applicable to the Company.
Whether the Company is a "pakka" or ordinary tenant under the Madhya Bharat Land Revenue and Tenancy Act, 1950.

Legislation cited

Government Grants Act, 1895
Madhya Bharat Land Revenue and Tenancy Act, 1950 (Act No. 66 of 1950)s. 54(vii)
M.P. Land Revenue Code, 1959s. 181, s. 182, s. 2(h)
Zamindari Abolition Act

Subjects

Government lesseeevictionland revenue codeleaserent arrearsMadhya PradeshSection 181Section 182tenancypakka tenantordinary tenant

Judgment

A STATE OF MADHYA PRADESH AND ORS.
v.
KRISHNARAO SHINDE AND ORS.

JANUARY 29, 1991
B
[T. KOCHU THOMMEN AND R.M. SAHA!, JJ.]

M.P. Land Revenue Code, 1959-Sections 2(h), 181 and 182-
Company whether a Government lessee.
y --
The Company-Respondent No. 3 entered into a contract of lease
c with the State Government for a period of one year and later it was
"{
extended for a further period of ten years.

When proceedings were initiated on 16. 7.1952 to eject the Com-
.....
pany, the Company filed suit for declaration of title and perpetual
injunction.
D 'y"
The trial Court holding that the Company did not become a
'pakka' tenant under Secti~n 54(vii) of Part II of Act No. 66 of 1950 in
respect of the suit land and that the Company was "a Government
lessee under section 181 of the M .P. ·Land Revenue Code, 1959, and was
not an occupancy tenant under section 185 of the Code, dismissed the
B suit.
J-______
This judgment, was atTinDed by the High Court in First Appeal,
observing that the land held by the Company under the lease was
neither zamindari nor ryotwari land.
F Against that judgment, the Company filed an appeal in this Court
which was withdrawn in 1971.
~
Subsequently, the State entered into an agreement with the Com-
pany to grant a fresh lease for a period of ten years from 9.2.1971
subject to the payment of enhanced rent as agreed upon between the
G parties.

Since the Company failed to pay the agreed rents and contra-
vened the conditions of the lease, proceedings were initiated under
Section 182(2)(i) of the Code, for eviction _of the Company from the land \_
in question. I
H

174
STATE .OF M.P. v. K. SHINDE [THOMMEN, J.) 175

Eviction order was quashed by the High Court holding .that the
A
lease in question was not covered by section 181 of the Code and that the
.. """' Company could not be evicted by the summary proceeding provided for
under that section, against which the appeal has been rded.

Allowing the appeal, this Court,
B
HELD: 1. A 'Government Lessee' is defmed under the M.P. Land
,, Revenue Code, 1959 as "a person holding land from the State Govern-
----...,..· ment under section 181 .... [178E]

2. As per the promions in section 181 of the M.P. Land Revenue Code,
1959 whether or not the company has been holding the land in terms of
the original lease or under the newly stipulated terms of the lease, the c
Company has been holding ~he land from the State Government and it
has nev~r been an ordinary tenant as defined in the Madhya Bharat Act
No. 66 of 1950. Accordingly, whether considered in term of sub-section
(1) or sub-section (2) of section 181, the Company has been at all mate-·
rial times a Government~ in respect of the land in questioo. [179G-180A] D

3. It was in terms of sub-section 2(i) of section 182 that the Addi-
tional Collector made his Order for eviction of the Company. The find-
ing of the Additional Collector is a fmding of fact based on evidence and
is not liable to be questioned in these proceedings. Large amounts are
due and paya,ble by the Company as rent. In the circumstances, the E
Additional Collector was well justified in having recourse to the pro-
ceeding prescribed under section 182 of the Code. [180F-J81A]

CIVIL APPELLATE JURISDICTION: Civil Appeal No. 1046
of 1982.
F
From the Order dated 20.9.1980 of the Madhya Pradesh High
Court in M.P.No. 84of1978.

Dr. N.M. Ghatate, S.V. De'shpande and S.K. Agnihotri for the
Appellants.
G

-
Aman Vachher, S.K. Mehta, Mrs. Anjali Verma, D.N. Misra
{for JBD & Co.) and Ashok Srivastava for the Respondent$.
-
The Judgment of the Court was delivered by

T .K. THOMMEN, J. 1)iis appeal by the Sta.te of Madhya H

..
176 SUPREME COURT REPORTS [1991] 1 S.C.R.

Pradesh arises from the Order of the Madhya Pradesh High Court in
A
Misc. Petition No. 84 of 1978 quashing Order dated 1.10.1977 of the
Additional Collector, Gwalior, whereby he initiated proceedings
against the 3rd respondent, the Gwalior Dairy Limited (hereinafter
called 'the Company') under section 182(2)(i) of the M.P. Land
Revenue Code, 1959 ('the Code'). Respondent Nos. 1, 2 and 4 are
B sharehQLders of the third respondent. The High Court by the
impugned Order held that the Company was not a Government lessee
within the meaning of section 181 (read with section 2(h)] and was,
therefore, not liable to be proceeded against in terms of section 182.

The Order of the Additional Collector, Gwalior, which was
c impugned in the High Court, was made consequent on the failure of
the Company to pay the rent agreed upon between the Government
and the Company subsequent to the unconditional withdrawal by the.
...
Company of its Civil Appeal No. 299 of 1967 which was pending in this
Court. That a_ppeal had been bro~_ht to this Court by the Compa,ny
against an earlier _i!Idgment of the H!g__h Court dated 30.~.1964 in First
D Appeal No. 1 of 1961 whereby/the High Court, confirming the judg-
ment of the trial court and dis~issing the Company's appeal, held that
the land admeasuring 495.05 acres was held by the Company in terms
of the lease granted by the State and the Company was not a 'pakka'
tenant and did not enjoy the status of a "Gair Maurusi" tenant.
:..._ __
E The Company entered into a contract of lease with the Gwalior
State Government (Sanitary Engineering Department) for a period of
one year in Sa~vat 1999. The lease was extended for a fur!her period
of t~n _years in Samvat 2000. When proceedings were initiated on
16. 7.1952 to eject the Company, the Company filed Suit No. 14 of
1960 for declaration of title and perpetual in junction. Issue No. ( 1) in
F that Suit was in the following words:

"Whether the plaintiff in accordance with -paras 5 & 6 of
the Plaint was a 'gair'.Maurusi tenant' and now by virtue of
the Revenue Admiq'istration and Ryotwari Land Revenue
and Tenancy Act of Samwat 2007 has become a 'Pakka
G Tenant'.

If so, what is its effect on the suit?"

That issue was answered in the negative. The Court held ·that the
Company did not enjoy the status of Gair Maurusi tenant and that it
H had not become a 'pakka' tenant under section 54(vii) of Part II of Act
STATE OF M.P. 'I-!. K. SHINDE [THOMMEN, J.) 177

No. 66 of 1950 in respect of the land in question. The Court held that
A
the Company was "a Government lessee under section 181 of the M. P.
Land Revenue Code, 1959 with the rights and liabilities enumerated in
section 182". It was also held that the Company was not an occupancy .
tenant under section 185 of the Code as it had not become-an ordinary
tenant earlier in Madhya Bharat under Act No. 66-of195o. This judg-
ment, as stated earlier, was affirmed by the High Court by its judg- B
ment dated 30.6.1964 in First Appeal No. 1of1961. The High Court
_ ,, observed that the land held by the Company under the lease was:
neither zamindari nor ryotwari land. The Zl!_mindari Abolition Act did
not apply to the land as It had become vested in the State long prior to
the Act. The High Court observed:

-- " ..... the lands comprised in the Gwalior Sewage Farm
were never notified to be a Ryotwari village. The lands
c
which have been acquired by the Gwalior State in connec-
tion with the Gwalior Sewage Farm could not, after their
acquisition for a public purpose be notified to be p~rt of a
Ryotwari village ...... the lands were not 'Pandat' lands D
nor were the lands included in Ryotwari village. Special
leases granted by the erstwhile Gwalior State in respect of
such lands as had been acquired for a public purpose,
namely construction of a sewage system wete governed not
by any law for the time being in force but by the terms of
lease in each case. I have already expl~ined above that to E
these lands the provisions of the Zamindari Abolition Act

- did not apply_, since they were already held by the State
when that came into force ..... the defendant (the State)
has been successful in showing that the plaintiff (the
Company) never acquired the status of a Gair Maurusi
tenant in respect of the land in dispute at any time prior to F
the coming into force of the Act No. 66 of 1950 and that he
could not, by virtue of the provisions of that Act become a
Pukka tenant thereof."

It was from that judgment that the Company had brought to this
Court Civil Appeal No. 299 of 1967 and that appeal was, as stated G
earlier, unconditionally withdrawn by the Company in 1971. Subse-
quently, the State entered into an agreement with the Company to
grant a fresh lease for a period of ten years from 9.2.i971 subject to'
the payment of enhanced re11t as agreed upon between the parties.
Since the Company failed to pay the agreed rents and thus contra-
vened the conditions of the lease, proceedi_ng~ were initiated by the H
178 SUPREME COURT REPORTS ' f 1991] 1 S,C.R.

Additional Collector by his Order dated 1.10. 1977 for eviction of the
A Company from the land in question. That Order was made under
s6,ction 182(2)(i) of the Code. It was that Order which was quashed by
the High Court by its impugned Order dated 20.9.1980. The High
Court. held that the lease in question was not covered by section 181 of
the Code and that the Company could not be evicted by the summary
B proceeding provided for under that section.

As stated earlier, the High Court had, in the earlier proceeding,
held that the Company was not a 'pakka' tenant. That judgment of the
High · Court became final by the unconditional withdrawal of the
appeal filed in this Court against it. The Madhya Pradesh Land
c Revenue and Tenancy Act, Samvat 2007 (Act No. 66 of 1950), which
was the law in force until repealed by the M.P. Land Revenue Code,
1959, defined "pakka tenant" as follows:
-
"S, 54(vii). Pakka tenant-means a tenant who has been or
whose predecessor-in-interest had been lawfully recorded
0 in respect of his holding as a 'Ryot Pattedar', 'Mamuli
Maurusi' 'Gair Maurusi', and 'Pukhta Maurusi' when this
Act comes into force or who may in future be duly recog-
nised as such by a competent authority.

Explanation-The term 'Pukhta Maurusi' includes Istmu-
E rardar tenants, Malikana Haq-holder tenants, Hakkiyat
Mutafarrikat Sharah Muayyana and Sakitul Milkiyat
tenants."

An 'ordinar) tenant' is defined by Act No. 66 of 1950 as "a
tenant other than a Pakka tenant and shall not include a sub-tenant".
F The position, therefore, was that, in terms of Act No. 66 of 1950, the ~
Company was not a pakka tenant, as found by the High Court in the -~/
earlier judgment, and, therefore, it was, according to the said Act, an
ordinary tenant.

The High Court had found. in the earlier proceeding that the land
G in question was held by the Company under lease from the Govern-·
rnent after it had been acquired by the Government for a public
purpose of the State. The question, therefore, is whether the Company
was, as found by.the Additional Collector, a Government lessee within
>- -
the meaning of the Code. It is to be noticed that subsequent to the
withdrawal of the appeal from this Court, fresh terms were agreed
R uEon_ between the Company and the Government to enable the Com-
STATE OF M.P. v. K. SHINDE [TIIOMMEN, J.l 179

pany to remain in possession of the land as a lessee. The Company is A
thus a person holding the land from the State Government. This is so
whether or not the Company is deemed to be holding over under the
old lease or holding, upon termination of that lease, under and in
terms of the fresh -conditions 'agreed upon between the patties to
enable the Company to remain in possession of the land as a lessee. In B
either event, the Company has been holding the land from the State. It
is not and cannot be disputed that the original lease was obtained from
the predecessor State and the Company continued to remain in posses-
sion of the land under the newly stipulated terms agreed upon between
the Company and the successor State, namely, the Madhya Pradesh
State.
c
.. A 'Government _Lessee' is defined under the M.P. Land
Revenue Code, 1959 as Ha person ~olding land from the State Govern-
ment under section 181 ", Section 18 l of the Code reads:

"181, Government Lessees,-(1) Every person who holds D
land from the State Government or to :whom a rightto
occupy land is grantecl by the State Government or the
Collector and who is not entitled to hold land as a
Bhumiswami shall be 9alled a Government lessee in resp~ct
of such land. l
---4,_, E
(2) Every person who at the coming into force of this
Code- ·

(a) holds any land in the Madhya Bharat region as aq ordi-
nary tenant as defined in the Madhya Bharat Land
F
Revenue and Tenancy Act, Siimvat 2007 (66 of 1950); or

(b) • ' • • r ' t • • • • ! • • • • • ~ • • • • • : : • • • • • • • • • • • • ." • • • • • • • • • •

(c) , , ........... , , .. ·.. , ......................... , .. .
G
shall be deemed to be a Government i'essee in respect of
S\lCh hind".

These provisions show that whether or not the Company has
been holding the land in terms of the original lease or under the newly
stipulated terms of the lease, the Company has been holding the land H
180 SUPREME COURT REPORTS [ 1991] 1 S.C.R.

A from the State Government and it has never been an ordinary tenant
as defined in the Madhya Bharat Act No. 66 of 1950. Accordingly,
whether considered in terms of sub-section (1) or sub-section (2) of
section 181, the com:pany has been at all material times a Government
lessee in respect of the land in que~tion. Accordingly, section 182 of
the Code is attracted. That section reads:
B
"182. Rights and liabilities of Government lessee-( 1) A
Government lessee shall, subject to any express provisions
in this Code, hold his land in accordance with the terms and
conditions of the grant, which shall be deemed to be a grant
within the meanin_g of the Government Grants Act, 1895
c (XV of 1895).

(2) A Government lessee may be ejected from his land by
order of a Revenue Officer on one or more of the following
• grounds, namely:- y
D
(i} that he has failed to pay the rent for a period of three
months from the date on which it became due; or

(ii) that he has used such land for purposes other than for
which it was granted; or -
E
(iii) that the term of his lease has expired; or

(iv) that he has contravened any of the terms and condi-
tions of the grant: ...
F Provided that no order for ejectment of a Govern-
ment lessee under this sub-section shall be passed without
giving him an opportunity of being heard in his defence."

It was in terms of sub-section 2(i) of section 182 that the Addi-
tional Collector made his order for eviction of the Company. The
G finding of the Additional Collector is a finding of fact based on
evidence and is n.ot liable to be_ questioned in these proceedings. His
finding shows that large amounts are due and payable by the Company
a
as.' ren! and that the -rents have remained unpaid for period far in
>--··
excess of three months from the dates on which they became due. fn
the circumstances, the Additional Collector was well- justified in
H havil!g .recourse to the proceedin~ prescribed µnder sectioJ! .18? of the
STATE OF M.P. v. K. SHINDE [TH()MMEN, J.J 181

Code .. The finding of the High Court to the contrary was, in our view, A
totally unj\lstified and opposed to law.
',

In the circumstances, the impugned Order of the High Court
d.ated 20.9.1980 in Misc. Petition No. 84 of 1978 is set aside. The Order
-of the Additional Collector dated 1.10.1977 in Case No. 1-75-76A-39:
B
182 shall stand restored. The aRpeal by the State is allowed with costs
throughout.

V.P.R. Appeal allowed.

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