Holding

The accused were deprived of their valuable statutory right to have the sample tested at the Central Insecticides Laboratory under Section 24(4), rendering the criminal complaint an abuse of process and necessitating its quash.

Summary

The Insecticide Inspector collected samples of a monochrotophos insecticide and, after a quality‑control laboratory report declared them misbranded, issued notices to the shop‑keeper and the manufacturer, Unique Farmaid Pvt. Ltd. The manufacturer requested that the samples be re‑analysed by the Central Insecticides Laboratory under Section 24(4) of the Insecticides Act, but the Inspector ignored the request and filed a criminal complaint under Section 29(1)(a). The High Court quashed the complaint, holding that the accused were deprived of their statutory right to have the sample re‑tested and that proceeding would be an abuse of process, especially since the product’s shelf‑life had expired. On appeal, the Supreme Court affirmed that right under Section 24(4), ruled that the report of the analyst was not conclusive because the accused had timely notified their intention to contest it, and held that the expiry date was relevant. Consequently, the Court upheld the High Court’s order quashing the complaint. The appeals were dismissed.

Issues considered

The accused’s right under Section 24(4) of the Insecticides Act to have a sample re‑tested at the Central Insecticides Laboratory and the effect of denying that right.
Whether the expiry (shelf‑life) of the insecticide is a relevant factor under the Act.
Whether the Insecticide Inspector alone can order re‑testing or such direction must come from the court.
The scope of defences permissible under Section 30 of the Act in relation to the prosecution.

Legislation cited

Code of Criminal Procedure, 1973s. 482
Insecticides Act, 1968s. 17, s. 18, s. 21, s. 22, s. 24, s. 29(1)(a), s. 30, s. 3(k)(i)

Subjects

insecticidemisbrandingsample testingcentral laboratorystatutory rightabuse of processexpiry dateSection 24Section 29Section 30criminal complaintquashing

Judgment

STATE OF HARYANA A
v.
UNIQUE FARMAID (P.) LTD. AND ORS.

OCTOBER 7, 1999

(D.P. WADHWA AND R.P. SETHI, JJ.) B

Insecticides Act, 1968: Ss. 24, 30, 21, 22, 29(1)(a), 3(k)(i), 17 and 18.

Insecticide Inspector-Collecting samples of insecticide-Quality con-
trol laborat01y analysis report-Samples misbranded-Notices to accused C
person~Accused fi1111 notifying its intention to adduce evidence to colltravert
the ;eport-Request for getting the samples 1-e-analysed from Central Insec-
ticides Laboratory (CIL }-insecticide Inspector without adve1ting to the said
request, filling criminal complaint-Shelf life of insecticide expiring by the
time accused were summoned before the Cowt-Right to get the samples
re-analysed from Central Insecticide Laboratory lost-High Court quashing D
the criniinal complaint holding that it would be an abuse of process of court
if the prosecution against the accused were continue~Validity of-Held,
accused were deprived of their valuable right to get the samples tested from
CIL-High Court justified in quashing the criminal contempt.

Shelf Zife of samples-Relevancy of-Act not providing any expi1y
E
date-Analyst report submission f omi mentioning date of manufacture and
date of expiry-Effect of-Held, shelf life of samples relevant.

Insecticide Inspector_ collected samples. of insecticide froni a shop
preinises and sent it to the Quality Control Laboratory for testing. The F
analysis report of the Quality Control Laboratory stated that the said
samples were misbranded. Consequently, notices were issued to the shop·
keeper and the manufacturer firm. The manufacturer firm denying the
allegations, notified its intention to adduce evidence and requested for
sending the samples to Central Insecticide Laboratory for re-analysis.
However, the Insecticide Inspector without adverting to the said request G
filed criminal complaint against the accused persons. On challenge, High
Court quashed the said criminal complaint holding that the accused were
deprived of their valuable right under S.24 of the Insecticides Act, 1968
and it would be an abuse of the process of court if the prosecution was
continued. Hence, the present appeals. H
451
452 SUPREME COURT REPORTS [1999) SUPP. 3 S.C.R.

A On behalf of the appellate-State it was contended that the Insec-
ticide Inspector was not competent to send the sample for re-testing to
the Central Insecticides Laboratory and that request for re-testing should
have been made to the Court concerned; no other defence than prescribed
under Section 30 of the Act could be allowed to be raised in the prosecu-
B tion filed under the Act; the shelf life of the sample was not relevant as
the Act does not prescribe any expiry date.

Dismissing the appeals, the Court

HELD : 1.1. Respondent-accused were deprived of their valuable
C right to have the sample tested from the Central Insecticides Laboratory
under S.24(2) of the Insecticides Act, 1968. Thus, High Court was justified
in quashing the criminal complaint holding that it will be an abuse of the
process of court if the prosecution is continued against the accused
persons. [460-D-E]

D 1.2. Procedure for testing the sample from Central Insecticide
Laboratory is prescribed under the Act and if it is contravened to the
prejudice of the accused, he certainly has right to seek dismissal of the
complaint. Under sub-section (3) of Section 24, report signed by the
Insecticide analyst shall be evidence of the facts stated therein and shall
E be conclusive against Uie accused only if the accused do not, within 28
days of the receipt of the report, notify in writing to the Insecticides
Inspector or the Court befm·e which proceedings are pending that they
intend to adduce evidence to controvert the report. The report of the
-
Insecticide Analyst was, therefore, not conclusive. In order to safeguard
the right of the accused to have the sample tested from Central Insec·
F ticides Laboratory, it is incumbent on the prosecution to file the complaint
expeditiously so that the right of the accused is not lost. In the instant
case, by the time the remondents were asked to appear before the Court,
expiry date of the insecticide was already over and sending of sample to
the Central Insecticides Laboratory at that late stage would be of no
G consequence. [459-C; 460-A-D]
The State of Punjab v. National Organic Chemical Industries Ltd., JT
(1996) 10 SC 480, relied on.

State of Haryana v. Brij Lal Mittal & Ors., [1998] 5 SCC 343;
H Municipal Corporation of Delhi v. Ghisa Ram, AIR (1967) SC 970;
STATEv. UNIQUEFARMAIDP. LTD. [D.P. WADHWA,J.] 453

Chetumal v. State of Madhya Pradesh & Anr., [1981) 3 SCC 72 and Calcutta A
Municipal Corporation v. Pawan Kumar Saraf & Anr., [1999) 2 SCC 400,
•referred to.

2. It cannot be accepted that shelf life of the sample was not relevant
as the Act does not prescribe any expiry date. If the expiry date is not
relevant, there was no reason why in the form prescribed for submission B
of the report by the Insecticide Analyst, the dates of manufacture of the
article ;md the expiry date are mentioned. [457-H; 458-A]

CRIMINAL APPELLATE JURISDICTION: Criminal Appeal No.
1053 of 1999 Etc.
c
... From the Judgment and Order dated 1.3.96 of the Punjab and
Haryana High Court in Cr!. M. No. 8333-M of 1995.

Mahabir Singh, (NP), for the Appellant. ·
D
S.K Mehta, Dhruv Mehta, Arun Nehru, Fazlin Anam, Ms. Shobha,
(Suresh Gupta) for Ms. Rekha Pandey, P.N. Puri and Ravinder Chopra for
the Respondents.

The Judgment of the Court was delivered by

- D.P. WADHWA, J. Leave granted.
E

In these appeals, raising a common question of law, the State has
challenged the three separate judgments of Punjab and Haryana High
Court quashing the complaints filed under Section 29(1)(a) of the
Insecticides Act, 1963 (for short, the 'Act'). High Court exercised its F
powers under Section 482 of the Code of Criminal Procedure (for short,
the 'Code') read with Article 227 of the Constitution of India. Section 29
of the Act provides for offences and punishment. Under clause (a) of
sub-section (1) of Section 29 whoever imports, manufactures, sells, stocks;
or exhibits for sale or distributes any insecticide deemed to be misbranded G
under sub-clause (i) or sub-clause (iii) or sub-clause (viii) of clause (k) of
Section 3 of the Act shall be punishable for the first offence, with
imprisonment for a term which may extend to two years, or with fine which
may extend to two thousand rupees, or with both; and for the second and
a subsequent offence, with imprisonment for a term which may extend to H
454 SUPREME COURT REPORTS (1999] SUPP. 3 S.C.R.

A three years, or with fine, or with both.

To understand the rival contentions, we refer to the facts in the case
in the appeal arising out of SLP (Cr!.) No. 4067197. An Insecticide Inspec-
tor appointed under the Act on August 5, 1994 visited the shop premises
of Sukhbir Singh, Proprietor of Mis. Vikas Beej Bhandar and drew three
B samples of Monochrotophos-36 percent SL insecticide. He gave one
sample to Sukhbir Singh, sent the second sample to the Senior Analyst,
Quality Control Laboratory (Insecticides) Kamal, for testing and the third
sample was deposited with the Deputy Director Agriculture, Sonepat
(Sections 21 and 22 of the Act). Mis. Unique Farmaid Pvt. Ltd. (for short,
c . .
the 'Unique Farmaid') is the manufacturer of the insecticide in question.
Hari Singh Verma is the Sales Officer of Uruque Farmaid, the manufac- ..
turer. It Was reported by the Quality Control Laboratory in its analysis
report that Sample of Monochrotophos- 36 percent SL was misbranded
(sub-section (1) of Section 24 of the Act). Accordingly, notices along with
analysis report of the sample were sent on September 30, 1994 to Mis.
D Vikas Beej Bhandar and to Unique Farmaid. A reply dated October 8,
1994 was sent by the Uniqie Farmaid. The reply did not find favour with
the authority and after obtaining consent for launching the prosecution, the'
Insecticide Inspector on June 24, 1995 filed a criminal complaint in the ·
court of Chief Judicial Magistrate, Sonepat.

E Unique Farmaid and Hari Singh Verma, Sales Officers moved the
High Court under Section 482 of the Code read with Article 227 of the
Constitution for quashing the complaint and the consequential proceed-
ings. It was submitted that the manufacturing date of the insecticide was
March 1994 and its expiry date was February 1995. By the time the accused
was summoned to appear in the Court on April 6, 1995, they had lost their
F right of getting the samples re-analysed from the Central Insecticides
Laboratory under sub-section (4) of Section 24 of the Act and in these
circumstances making them to stand trial would be an abuse of the process
of the Court.

G Section 22 of the Act prescribes procedure to be followed by the
Insecticides Inspector when he takes any sample of an insecticide. Sub-sec-
tion (6) of S~ction 22 is relevant and is as under :

H
"22. (6) The Insecticide Inspector shall restore one portion of a
sample so divided or one container, as the case may be, to the
person from whom he takes it and shall retain the remainder and
-
STATEv. UNIQUEFARMAIDP.LTD.[D.P. WADHWA,J.) 455

dispose of the same as follows : A
(i) one portion or container, he shall forthwith send to the
Insecticide Analyst for test or analysis; and

(ii) the second, he shall produce to the court before which
proceedings, if any, are instituted in respect of the insec- B
ticide."

As to how the report of the Insecticide Analyst is to be considered,
reference may be made to Section 24 of the Act which is as under :

"24. Report of Insecticide Analyst. - (1) The Insecticide Analyst to C
whom a sample of any insecticide has been submitted for test of
analysis under sub-section (6) of Section 22, shall, within a period
of sixty days, deliver to the ·Insecticide Inspector submitting it a
signed report in duplicate in the prescribed form:

(2) The Insecticide Inspector on receipt thereof shall deliver one D
copy of the report to the person from whom the sample was taken
and shall retain the other copy for use in any prosecution in respect
of the sample.

(3) Any document purporting to be a report signed by an Insec-
ticide Analyst shall be eVidence of the facts stated therein, and E
such eVidence shall be conclusive unless the person from whom
the sample was taken has within twenty-eight days of the receipt
of a copy of the report notified in writing the Insecticide Inspector
or the Court before which any proceeding in respect of the sample
are pending that he intends to adduce eVidence in controversion
F
of the report.

(4) Unless the sample has already been tested or analysed in the
Central Insecticides Laboratory, where a person has under sub-
section (3) notified his intention of adducing eVidence in con-
troversion of the Insecticide Analyst's report, the Court may, of its G
own motion or in its discretion at the request either of the com-
plainant or of the accused, cause the sample of the insecticide
produced before the magistrate under sub-section (6) of Section
22 to be sent for test or analysis to the said laboratory, which shall
make the test or analysis and report in writing signed by, or under
the authority of, the Director of the Central Insecticides H
456 SUPREME COURT REPORTS [1999] SUPP. 3 S.C.R.

A Laboratory the result thereof, and such report shall be conclusive
evidence of the facts stated therein.

(5) The cost of a test or analysis made by the Central Insecticides
Laboratory under sub-section (4) be paid by the complainant or
the accused, as the Court shall direct."
B '
Report of the Insecticide Analyst is dated September 22, 1994 in the
form prescribed (Form IX) and is as under :

"Report of the Senior Analyst.

c 1. Name of Insecticides Inspector DDA Sonepat
from whom received
-
2. Serial No. & date of Insecticide
Inspector's memorandum L. No. 35 dt. 8.8.94

D Batch No. 94 UF, 703.

Manufacturing date March, 94
'<
Expiry date Feb., 95

E Date of sampling
'- '
3. No. of sample One

4. Date of receipt 8.8.94

5. Name of Insecticide purporting
F
to be contained in the sample Monocrotophos 36% SL

6. Condition of the seals of the
package Intact

7." Result of test or analysis with
G
protocols of test applied Tech.Cont!. 26.20%
Protocoi of test
' applied as per IS

-
No. 8074.

H RESULT Misbranded."
STATE v. UNIQUE FARMAID P. LTD. [D.P. WADHWA, J.] 457

After unique Farmaid had been served with the notice and the report A
aforesaid of the Quality Control Laboratory alleging that provisions of
Sections 3(k)(i), 17 and 18 of the Act had been contravened, in its reply
to the show-cause Unique Farmaid denied the allegations and stated that
"we intend to adduce evidence in support of our contention and request
that a sample should be got analysed from Central Insecticides Laboratory
as per provisions of Section 24 of the Act at the cost of the company". The
B
Insecticide Inspector did not avert to this request of the Unique Farmaid
and, as stated above, filed a criminal complaint against six accused, namely,
M/s. Unique Farmaid (P) Ltd., (2) Hari Singh Verma, Sales Officer of
Unique Farmaid, (3) M/s. Vikas Beej Bhandar, (4) Sukhbir Singh,
Proprietor of the Vikas Beej Bhandar, (5) M/s. Gandhi Beej Bhandar, c
Sonepat and (6) Satbir Singh, Proprietor, Gandhi Beej Bhandar. It is stated
in th!; complaint that sample of the same insecticide was also lifted from
the shop premises of M/s. Gandhi Beej Bhandar. In one of the appeals
before us (arising out of SLP (Cr!.) No. 2982/97), we find there is a reply
by the Insecticide Inspector stating that it is only the court which is D
competent to get the sample tested from the Central Insecticides
Laboratory. All these facts are not in dispute.

Principal contention of Unique Farmaid and its Sales Officer before
the High Court was that no action was taken by the Insecticide Inspector
to have the sample re-tested from the Central Insecticides Laboratory in E
terms of their request and that by the time they were asked to appear in
the court to stand their trial, shelf life of the insecticide, of which sample
was taken, had already expired. They were, thus, deprived of their valuable
right of their defence. High Court found substance in their plea and said
that once it is evident that the accused had been deprived of their right F
under Section 24 of the Act, it was obvious that they were prejudiced and
it would be an abuse of the process of Court for the complaint to proceed
further.

It has been submitted before us as well as before the High Court that
the Insecticide In.spector was not competent to send the sample for re-test- G
ing to the Central Insecticides Laboratory and that request for re-testing
should have been made to the Court concerned. Then the State has further
submitted that no other defence than prescribed under Section 30 of the
Act could he allowed to be raised in the prosecution filed under the Act
and further that the shelf life of the sample was not relevant as the Act H
458 SUPREME COURT REPORTS [1999) SUPP. 3 S.C.R.

A does not prescribe any expiry date. There is no substance in tither of these
contentions. If the expiry date is not relevant, there was no reason why in
the form prescribed for submission of the report by the Insecticide Analyst,
the date of manufacture of the article and the expiry date are mentioned. 1
We do not find any answer to this by the State. In support of this
submission, no rule has been cited and no evidence produced showing that
B the expiry date of the insecticide is inconsequential. Section 30 provides
for defences which may or may n.ot be allowed in prosecution under the
Act. Section 30 is as under :

"30. Defences which may or may not be allowed in prosecutions
c under this act. • (1) Save as hereinafter provided in this section, it
shall be no defence in a prosecution under this Act to prove merely
that the accused was ignorant of the nature or quality of the
insecticide in respect of which the offence was committed or of
the risk involved in the manufacture, sale or use of such insecticide
or of the circumstances of its manufacture or import.
D
(2) For the purposes of section 17, an insecticide shall not be
deemed to be misbranded only by reason of the fact that :

(a) there has been added thereto some innocuous substance or
ingredient because the same is required for the manufacture
E or the preparation of the insecticide as an article of commerce
in a state fit for carriage or consumption, and not to increase
the bulk, weight or measure of the insecticide or to conceal
its inferior quality or other defect; or

(b) in the process of manufacture, preparation or conveyance
F
some extraneous substance has unavoidably become inter-
mixed with it.

(3) A person not being an importer or a manufacturer of an
i11secticide or his agent for the distribution thereof, shall not be
G liable for a contravention of any provision of this Act, if he
proves:

(a) that he acquired the insecticide from an importer or a duly
licensed manufacturer, distributor or dealer thereof;

H (b) that he did not know and could not, with reasonable diligence,
STATE v. UNIQUE FARMAID P. LTD. (D.P. WADHWA, J.] 459

have ascertained that the insecticide in any way contravened A

- ( c)
any provision of this Act; and

that the insecticide, while in his possession, was properly
stored and remained in the same state as when he acquired
it."
B
Sub-section ( 1) of Section 30 which appears to be relevant only
prescribes in effect that ignorance would be of no defence but that does
not mean that if ther~ are contraventions of other mandatory provisions of
the Act, the accused have no remedy. Procedure for testing the sample is
prescribed and if it is contravened to the prejudice .of the accused, he C
certainly has right to seek dismissal of the complaint. There cannot be two
opinions about that. Then in order to safeguard the right of the accused to
, have the sample tested from Central Insecticides Laboratory, it is
incumbent on the prosecution to-file the complaint expeditiously so that
the right of the accused is not lost. In the present case, by the time the D
respondents were asked to appear before the Court, expiry date of the
insecticide was already over and sending of sample to the Central
Insecticides Laboratory at that late stage would be of no consequence. This
issue is no longer res integra. In The State of Punjab v. National Organic·
Chemical Industries Ltd., JT (1996) 10 SC 480 this Court in somewhat · E
similar circumstances said that the procedure laid down under Section 24
of the Act deprived the accused to have sample tested by the Central
Insecticides Laboratory and adduce evidence of the report so given in his
defence. This Court stressed the need to lodge the complaint with utmost
dispatch so that the accused may opt to avail the statutory defence. The
Court held that the accused had been deprived of a valuable right F
statutorily available to him. On this view of the matter, the court did not
allow the criminal complaint to proceed against the accused. We have cases
under the Drugs and Cosmetics Act, 1940 and the Prevention of Food
Adulteration Act, 1954 involving the same question. In this connection
reference be made to decisions of this Court in State of Haryana v. Brij Lal G
Mittal & Ors., (1998] 5 SCC 343 under the Drugs and Cosmetics Act, 1940;
Municipal Corporation of Delhi v. Ghisa Ram, AIR (1967) SC 970;
Chetumal v. State of Madhya Pradesh & Anr., (1981] 3 SCC 72 and Calcutta
Municipal Corporation v. Pawan Kumar Saraf & Anr., (1999] 2 SCC 400 all
under the Prevention of Food Adulteration Act, 1954.
460 SUPREME COURT REPORTS [1999] SUPP. 3 S.C.R.

A It cannot be gainsaid, therefore, that the respondents in these ap-
peals have been deprived of their valuable right to have the sample tested
from the Central Insecticides Laboratory under sub- section (4) of Section -
24 of the Act. Under sub-section (3) of Section 24 report signed by the
Insecticide analyst shall be evidence of the facts stated therein and shall be '
B conclusive evidence against the accused o~ly if the accused do not, within
28 days of the receipt of the report, notify in writing to the Insecticides
Inspector or the Court before which proceedings are pending that they
intend to adduce evidence to controvert .the report. In the present cases
Insecticide Inspector was notified that the accused intended to adduce
evidence to controvert the report. By the time the matter reached the court,
C shelf life of the sample had already expired and no purpose would have
been served informing the court of such an intention. The report of the
Insecticide Analyst was, therefore, not conclusive. A valuable right had
been conferred on the accused to have the sample tested from the Central
Insecticides Laboratory and in the circumstances of the case accused have
D been deprived of that right, thus, prejudicing them in their defence.
In these circumstances, High Court was right in concluding that it
will be an abuse of the process of court if the prosecution is continued
against the respondents - the accused persons. High Court rightly quashed
the criminal complaint. We uphold the order of the High Court and would
E dismiss the appeals.

S.V.K. Appeals dismissed.