Holding

The conviction under Section 302 read with Section 34 IPC stands; the High Court's alteration to Section 325 is unsustainable, and Jagat Paul's acquittal is upheld.

Summary

The deceased and his brother were attacked with lathis and gandasis by four accused, resulting in the deceased's death due to severe head injuries. The trial court convicted all four under Section 302 read with Section 34 of the IPC and also under Section 323 with Section 34. The High Court acquitted Jagat Paul and altered the conviction of the remaining three to Section 325 with Section 34, relying on a medical officer's statement that the cause of death was "cardiac arrest". On appeal, the Supreme Court held that cardiac arrest is merely a symptom of death and does not negate the causal link between the injuries inflicted and the death, rendering the High Court's alteration unsustainable. Consequently, the Court restored the murder convictions for the three accused and upheld Jagat Paul's acquittal.

Issues considered

Whether the finding that the cause of death was "cardiac arrest" justifies altering a conviction under Section 302 r/w Section 34 to Section 325 r/w Section 34.
Whether the evidence of the eyewitness and the medical report sufficiently support a conviction for murder under Section 302 r/w Section 34.
Whether Jagat Paul had any participation in the assault warranting conviction.

Legislation cited

Indian Penal Code, 1860s. 302, s. 323, s. 325, s. 34

Subjects

murderculpable homicide not amounting to murderSection 34 IPCcause of deathmedical evidenceconviction alterationacquittal

Judgment

STATE OF HARYANA A
v.
JAGAT PAUL & ORS.

JUNE 20, 2007

[DR. ARIJIT PASAYAT AND D.K. JAIN, JJ.]

Penal Code, 1860; Ss.34, 302 & 323:

Murder-Accused persons attacked deceased and his brother with
lathis and gandasis and injuring them-Deceased succumbed to injuries- C
F.I.R.-Charge Sheet-Trial Court convicted and sentenced all the accused
persons for offences punishable under section 302 rlw s.34 /PC-Acquitting
one of the accused persons High Court altered conviction of three other
accused persons to s.325 rlw s.34 f PC-On appeal, held, High Court altering
conviction on the basis of report of medical officer whereby he opined the D
cause ofdeath to be cardiac arrest and statement of PW.9, the only eyewitness
that accused persons gave blows with lathis and gandasis on the persons
of the deceased-However, these cannot be a ground for altering the
conviction under s.302 rlw s.34 /PC to s.325-ln the facts and circumstanc~s.
of the case, Trial .Court rightly convicted the accused persons except
respondent no.I under s.302 rlw s.34 /PC since he had no role to play in E
the occurrence and High Court rightly acquitted him-Hence, conviction
and sentence of accused persons except respondent no. 1 as ordered by Trial
Court restored.

On the fateful day, there was a quarrel between the son of the deceased
and one of the accused persons near a culvert on the road. When the deceased F
came to know about the incident he alongwith his brother, PW.9 went towards
that side. On seeing them accused fled away. Later, accused persons armed
with lath is and gandasis came and gave blows with their respective weapons
on the head, face and chest of deceased. The deceased fell down on the ground.
When PW.9 tried to save him, one of the accused gave a Gandasi blow from G
its reverse side on his head. PW.9 raised an alarm. After committing the
crime all the four accused persons ran away from the spot. Both the injured
were taken to general hospital where the deceased succumbed to injuries.
First Information Report was lodged and investigation was undertaken and

1075 H
A
1076 SUPREME COURT REPORTS (2007] 7 S.C.R.

charge sheet was filed by the police. The trial court found all the four accused
persons guilty and convicted and sentenced them for offences punishable under
y
-
Section 302 read with Section 34 IPC and Section 323 read with Section 34
IPC. Appeals were preferred by the accused persons before the High Court.
The High Court directed acquittal of one of the accused persons and altered
conviction of other three accused persons to Section 325 read with Section
B 34 IPC and the sentence was reduced to the period already undergone but
maintaining conviction for the offence punishable under Section 323 read with
Section 34 IPC. Hence, the present appeals.
'>- -

The Appellant-State contended that the High Court has indicated no
c reason for altering the conviction, even though it found the evidence of PW.9
to be clear and cogent; and that on an erroneous reading of the doctor's
evidence, the High Court has come to the conclusion that the cause of death
was "Cardiac Arrest". In fact what was specifically stated by the doctor was
that the head injury with its complications alongwith other injuries was the
cause of death.
D
Disposing of the appeal, the Court
\-
HELD: 1.1. Only reason which appears to have weighed with the High
Court for altering the conviction was that the doctor has stated the cause of
death to be Cardiac Arrest and PW.9 - the only eye witness had stated that all
E the accused persons gave blows with lath is and gandasis on the person of the
deceased. These cannot be a ground for altering the conviction to Section
325 read with Section 34 IPC. (Para 5) (1078-F, G)

1.2. The conclusions of the High Court that the conviction would be
under Section 325 read with Section 34 IPC is clearly unsustainable. The
F trial court had rightly convicted the accused persons for offence punishable 'I-
' .....
under Section 302 read with Section 34 IPC. The conviction and the sentence
shall stand restored. So far as the respondent is concerned the High Court
has indicated the reasons for directing his acquittal. It has noted that
respondent no.I had no role to play in the occurrence; and that the earlier
G quarrel took place between son of the complainant and the real brother of the
accused had reasons to attack deceased and his brother respondent no. I is
not related to the co-accused persons. The High Court found that he had no
animosity so far as the complainant party is concerned. Hence, no reason is J
}....---
found to take a different view and therefore the acquittal of accused-respondent
no.I cannot be faulted. (Para 8) (1079-G; 1080-A, B[
H
/
STATEOFHARYANAv.JAGATPAUL IPASAYAT.J.I 1077

CRIMINAL APPELLATE JURISDICTION : Criminal Appeal No. 981-982 A
of2000.

From the Judgment and Order dated 11.01.2000 of the High Court of
Punjab and Haryana at Chandigarh in Crl. Appeal No. 193-DB and 330-DB of
1995.
B
Roopansh Purohit, T.V. George and Rajeev Gaur for the Appellant.

Shalu Sharma, Rajesh Sharma and Good-will Indeevar for the Respondent.

The Judgment of the Court was delivered by

DR. ARIJIT PASAYAT, J. l. Challenge in these appeals is to the order
c
passed by a Division Bench of the Punjab and Haryana High Court directing
acquittal of respondent No.1-Jagat Paul and converting conviction of resi of
three respondents. By the common judgment relating to two appeals i.e.
Criminal Appeal No. 193-DB of 1995 and Criminal Appeal No. 330-DB of 1995,
Respondent-Jagar Paul -appellant in Criminal Appeal No. 193- DB of 1995 was D
acquitted while in the other appeal the three appellants were held guilty of
offence punishable under Section 325 of the Indian Penal Code, 1860 (in short
the 'IPC') read with Section 34 IPC by the High Court. Accordingly their
conviction for offence punishable under Section 302 read with Section 34 IPC
was altered.
E
2. The background facts in a nutshell are as follows:

Krishan, son of Deceased (hereinafter referred to as 'deceased') had
gone to the village for fetching desi ghee. Prabhu (PW-9) the complainant
was sitting in the house of deceased and were discussing about the matrimonial F
alliance. Saraswati wife of Prabhu came there and told that Krishan and
)'
:I
accused Dalip accused were exchanging hot words near a culvert on the road
near the house of Chando and she expressed her apprehension that they
might have a quarrel. Deceased and Prabhu (PW-9) went towards that side.
On seeing them coming, accused Dalip fled away towards his house. When
deceased and Prabhu were standing near the house of Jagdish Chowkidar, all G
the four accused armed with lathis and gandasis came there raising lalkaras
to the effect that they would teach them (complainant party) a lesson. Saying
so, all the four accused gave blows with their respective weapons on the
1
head, face and chest of deceased. On receipt of the injuries, Deceased fell
down on the ground. When Prabhu went near his brother to save him, Dalip H
1078 SUPREME COURT REPORTS [2007) 7 S.C.R.

A gave a Gandasi blow from its reverse side on his head. Prabhu raised an alarm
of crying for help. On hearing his alarm. Jagmal (member of panchayat) and
Mahabi rushed to the spot to rescue them from the onslaught of the accused.
1

All the four accused persons ran away from the spot. Prabhu and deceased
were removed to general hospital, Sirsa by Om Prakash.

B On the basis of the FIR investigation was undertaken and charge sheet
was filed.

The trial court placing reliance on the evidence of PW-9, the injured
witness Prabhu, found all the four accused persons guilty and convicted and
C sente~ced them for offences punishable under Section 302 read with Section
34 IPC and Section 323 read with Section 34 IPC. Appeals were preferred by
the accused. persons before the Punjab and Haryana High Court which, as
noted above, directed acquittal of accused Jagat Paul. In respect of other
three accused persons the conviction was altered to Section 325 read with
Section 34 IPC and the sentence was reduced to the period undergone. The
D conviction for the offence punishable under Section 323 read with Section 34
IPC was maintained.

3. In support of the appeals, learned counsel for the appellant-State
submitted that the High Court has indicated no reason for altering the
conviction. In fact it found the evidence of Prabhu, PW 9 to be clear and
E cogent. On an erroneous reading of the doctor's evidence, the High Court
has come to the conclusion that the cause of death was "Cardiac Arrest". In
fact what was specifically stated by the doctor was that the head injury with
its complications alongwith other injuries was the cause of death.

4. Learned counsel for the respondent supported the judgment of the
F High Court.

5. It is to be noted that the only reason which appears to have weighed
with the High Court for altering the conviction was that the doctor has stated
the cause of death to be Cardiac Arrest and Prabhu - the only eye .witness
G had stated that all the accused persons gave blows with lathis and gandasis
on the person of the deceased. These according to us cannot be a ground
for altering the conviction to Section 325 read with Section 34 IPC.

6. At this juncture it is to be noted that the case of the accused persons
before the trial court was that the offence at the most is one rel~ting to
H Section 304 Part-I IPC. So far as the question of"Cardiac Arrest" is concerned
-\

... STATE Or HARYANA \·.JAGAT PAUL (PASA YAT.J.J 1079
it is only sign or symptom of death. The trial court had elaborately dealt with ·A
--<. these aspects.

7. It was recorded as follows:
~
I

"Defence counsel next submitted that if at all the offence made out
is under Section 304-Part I LP.C and not under Section 302 IPC In this B
behalf, much reliance was placed on certificate dated 2.5.1994 lying in
the treatment record showing the cause of death as cardiac arrest On
its basis, it was urged that the death was not result of injuries. The
'\
argument has no force because cardiac arrest is only sign or symptom
of death. It symbolises the end of life but cardiac arrest may be due
to injuries or due to some other reasons also. In our case post mortem c
report clearly establishes that ShishPaul succumbed to his injuries
and the cause of death was injuries suffered by him in the occurrence

-
In the context it is significant to mention that there was fracture of left
fronto-parietal-tempor~I region. The fracture was 'Y' shaped. Separate
three pieces were present. The fracture extended upto occipital suture D
in the posterior and upto orbit in the anterior. Thus it was a big
'
-} ' multiple fracture. Even brain matter was injured there was also marginal
extradural haematoma in the left parietal region. Such serious injuries
on vital organ clearly show that the death resulted from the injuries
as also categorically opined by Dr. Subhash Juneja PWI3 who
conducted postmortem examination. It is true that there was no sharp E
weapon injury, but the force with which the aforesaid head injury was
caused clearly shows the intention and knowledge of the accused
persons. The other injuries were also on vital organs beirrg on head,
face and chest. So there cannot be any doubt about the cause of
death being the injuries caused by the accused. In this context, it is
F
)- "\
also significant to mention that Shish Paul remained unconscious
throughout and did not regain consciousness till his death. So it is
.,._ more than crystal clear that the death was direct result of the injuries
and there was no other cause of death. It may be added that heart was
found to be healthy and of normal size on X-ray examination and also
in autopsy, and so it was not case of sudden heart failure and rather G
the alleged cardiac arrest was due to death resulting from injuries."

8. Therefore, the conclusions of the High Court that the conviction
would be under Section 325 read with Section 34 IPC is clearly unsustainable.
The trial court had rightly convicted the accused persons for offence
H
1080 SUPREME COURT REPORTS 120071 7 S.C.R.

A punishable under Section 302 read with Section 34 IPC. The conviction and
.v
the sentence shall stand restored. So far as the respondent -Jagat Paul is
concerned the High Court has indicated the reasons for directing his acquittal.
It has noted that Jagat Paul had no role to play in the occurrence. It was
noted that the earlier qaarrel took place between Om Prakash, son of the
B complainant and Ran alias Ran Singh the real brother of the accused had
reasons to attack deceased and Prabhu. Jagat Paul is not related to the co-
accused persons. The High Court found that he had no animosity so far as
the complainant party is concerned. We find no reason to take a different
view and therefore the acquittal of accused Jagat Paul cannot be faulted. The
appeal stands dismissed so far as he is concerned.
c 9. The appeals are accordingly disposed of.

S.K.S. Appeals disposed of.

;,.---

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