STATE OF HARYANA AND ANR.versusMANOJ KUMAR AND ANR.

                  STATE OF HARYANA AND ANR.                                      A
                              v.
                    MAN()J KUMAR AND ANR.

                           NOVEMBER 2, 1993

               (K.RAMASWAMY AND N.P. SINGH, JJ.)                                 B

      I11dia11 Penal Code 1860 : Section 302 and 304. Murder-Repeated
attacks to knock down the deceased by car-Death caused by knocking down-
Nature of offence-Held punishable under section 302 and not under 304. ·

      Indian Evidence Act, 1872 : Conviction based on testimony of the sole
                                                                                 c
eye witness-Legality of.

      Code of Criminal Procedure, 1973 : Section 154-FIR-Delay in lodg-
in~When satisfactorily explained-Prosecution case cannot be rejected.
                                                                                 D
      Respondent 'M' was tried for an offence under section 302 of the
Indian Penal Code. 1be prosecution case was that on June 22, 1988 two
brothers, R and C left for Rohtak, from the residence of their father at
New Delhi on a Motor-cycle. On their way they stopped ·at a shop at
Bahadurgarh for refreshment where they parked their motors cycle in
front of the car of the accused, M. When they came back to remove their          E
motorcycle there was an altercation between the parties and the accused
threatened to kill both the brothers. When they left for Rohtak, the accused
followed them and repeated attempts to crush them on the road. Out of
fear the two ~rothers stopped ~eir motorcycle on the side of the road, in
front of a tractor-trolley to save themselves. In the meanwhile C came down      F
from the motor cycle and wanted to go behind the tractor-trolley to take
shelter but the accused hit C by the right side of his car with force. Because
of the impact, C was thrown from the road inside, the trolley which was
carrying agricultural implements and consequently C got some incised
wounds. Thereafter, the car proceeded in great speed grazing with the
tractor-trolley. R got a Matador stopped on the way and asked the driver         G
to take his brother to hospital and he followed the Matador on Motorcycle.
But on reaching the hospital, C was declared dead. The informant, father
of the victim, stated in his evidence that he got the information at about
2.00 AM and on reaching Rohtak at about 4.00 AM in the morning, he
found that R was virtually unconscious because of the shock. Only at about       H
                                     521
     522                   SUPRJ?ME COURT REPORTS [1993) SUPP. 3 S.C.R.

A 9.00 A.M. he got the full details from him and then lodged the first
  informatio.n report at about 11.lS A.M. On June 23, 1988 mentioning all.
     the facts relating to the occurrence on the basis of the Information given
     to him by R.

           The glass pieces as well plastic strips of the car piCked up from the
B scene of occurrence were sent for examination and the expert opinion
     confirm'ed that broken pieces of the glass and J!lastic strips were of the car
     of the accused. On June 25, the accused was arrested. The car was also
     seized from his premises and the right side of the car was found to have
     been badly damaged.
c          Relying on the testimony of the sole eye-witness, R, the Trial Court
     convicted ~ and sentenced hiin to imprisonment for life. However, on .
     appeal, the High Court acquitted the accused by rejecting the testimony of
     R inasmuch as it doubted his presence with the victim on the ground that
     he did not reach the hospital along with the victim. The High Court also
D    drew adverse inference because of delay in lodging the FIR inasmuch as R
     did not lodge the FIR during the night itself.
                                                                                       ,-)
           In appeal to this Court, it was contended on behalf of the State that
     the circumstantial evidence fully supported the prosecution case and the.
E    High Court erred in rejecting the evidence of R whose presence at the time
     of the occurrence was never questioned by the accused during trial.

           On behalf of the respondent, it was contended that even on the
     prosecution case the accused could at the utmost be prosecuted for an
     offence under section 304 and not under section 302 IPC.
 -
.F         Allowing the appeal and setting aside the .order of the High Court,
     this Court,

           HELD : 1. A conviction can be based and the verdict of the court can
     rest even on the testimony of the sole witness, If the court is fully satlsfted
G    that such witness ls a truthful witness and his presence at the Ume of
     occurence has been proved beyond reasonable doubt. [529·C·D]

           1.1 From a bare reading of the evidence of R, It appears that he has
     deposed in a very straight forward manner, giving every detail of the
     Incident and as to how the accused-respondent made repeated attempts to
H    crush them on the road, because of the altercaUon. There ls n0 scope for
              STATE OF HARYANAv. MANOJ [N.P. SINGH, J.]             523

imaginary doubt about the correctness of his version. Nothing has been     A
elicited in the cross·e~amination. No part of his evidence has been
demolished. The other witnesses and circumstances only corroborate the
statement of R. Therefore, the High court committed a grave error in
rejecting his evidence. (528-B·C-F]

      2. It is true that time factor has an important role in context of B I
lodging of a first information report•. But, if the prosecution explains the
delay satisfactorily, the Court is not expected to reject the whole prosecu-
tion case merely on that ground. The present case is one such case where
taking all facts and circumstances into consideration, the prosecution case
cannot be rejected on the ground that the first information report was not C
lodged during the night. (529-G-H; 530-A]

      3. The accused intentionally caused such bodily injuries, as he knew
to be likely to cause the death of C. As such he committed the offence of
murder within he meaning of Section 300, liable to be punished for an
offence under section 302 of the Penal Code. (530-D]                       D

      4. The motive, as well as the genesis of the occurrence have been
virturelly admitted by the defence. The prosecution has proved its case
beyond all reasonable doubt and there is no scope for giving any benefit
of doubt to the accused-respondent.(527-F; 530-B]
                                                                           E
     CRIMINAL APPELLATE JURISDICTION : Criminal Appeal No.
698of1993.

     From the Judgment and order dated 27.8.1992 of the Punjab and
Haryana High Court in Crl. A.209/DB/90.                                    p
                                    With

        Special Leave Petition (Criminal) No. 322 of 1993.

      Ms. Indu Malhotra, Ms. Shirin Jain and S. Saharan-in-Person for the G
appellant/petitioner.

        K. Madhava Reddy, Prem Malhotra and T.C. Sharma for the respon-
dent.

        The Judgment of the Court was delivered by                         H
        524                  SUPREME COURT REPORTS [1993) SUPP. 3 S.C.R.                ,..-

A             N.P. SINGH, J. Special leave granted in S.L.P. (Crl.) No. 293 of 1993.
                                                          .
              This appeal is on behalf of the State of Haryana for setting aside the
        judgment of the High Court, acquitting the accused- respondent Manoj
        Kumar, who had been convicted under Section 302 of the Penal Code and
B       sentenced to undergo rigorous imprisonment for life, by the Sessions
        Judge, Rohtak.


               The ·case of the prosecution is that on June 22, 1988, at about 7.00
        P.M. Rohan (PW-14) and Chetan (deceased), the two sons of the inform-
        ant, Col. Ajit Singh Saharan (PW-13), started for Rohtak, from the
C       residence of the informant at New Delhi on a motorcycle bearing No.
        HY0-5550, to meet their ~other Shakuntala Saharan who was residing
        then at Ashiyana Green Road, Rohtak. They stopped at Bahadurgarh on
        the way at about 7.45 P.M. at a shop for refreshment. A Maruti Car bearing
        No. HYU-9808 was parked and the two sons of the informant parked their
D       motorcycle in front of the said car. In the meantime, the accused Manoj
        Kumar came and sat in his car aforesaid. But due to cycles and motorcycle
        aforesaid parked there, he could not take out his Maruti car and he started
        blowing the horn of his car continuously. He also started abusing loudly as
        to why those cycles and motorcycle had been parked there. As soon as
        Chetan heard abuses, he came to remove the motorcycle and asked the
E       accused not to hurl abuses. There was exchange of hot words. Rohan also
        reached near the car, after· parking the motorcycle, but exchange of hot
        words continued. The accused threatened both of them saying, "Come out
        of Bahadurgarh. I will see you." Rohan retorted, ''What you will see us
        outside? See us here." The accused repeated, "Come outside.I will kill both
        of you." Thereafter the accused went away, but Rohan and. Chetan
F       remained there in front of the said shop out of fear. On enquiry, Rohan
        and chetan. learnt that the name of accused was Manoj Kumar and he was
        the s<•n of Surat Singh, who was a property dealer in Bahadurgarh. Rohan
        alf;c n.. :1:d down the number of the said car. After some time, they started
        on th..:.ir motorcycle for Rohtak. On the way they saw the accused going
G       from Bahadurgarh side to Rohtak. The car of the accused was going at a
        slow speed. Rohan who was driving the motorcycle overtook the car. As
        soon as the accused saw that Rohan and Chetan had gone ahead of him
        overtaking his car, he raised the speed of his car and started following the
        motorcycle. Rohan also increased the speed of his motorcycle out of the
        fear. But they had to slow down the speed. of their motorcycle when they
H   I
        reached near village Sankhol, be.:ause of the rush on the road. It is alleged
            STATE OF HARYANA v. MANOJ [N.P. SINGH, J.]                525

that in the meantime accused Manoj Kumar overtook their motorcycle and A
again sl~wed down the speed of his car and gave them a signal to proceed
ahead. It is further the case of the prosecution that as soon as Rohan tried
to overtake the said car, accused swerved his car towards the right side,
whereupon Rohan applied the brakes. Rohan stqpped the motorcycle,
thereupon accused Manoj Kumar who had gone ahead of them brought
back the car in reverse gear towards Rohan and Chetan at a fast speed. B
Accused tried to bring Chetan under his car, but Chetan retreated. How-
ever, his left foot came under the wheel of the said car. Seeing this, some
persons came near them. Chetan told them that the accused had run over
his foot with his car and he was having great pain. After some time the
accused again came back to the spot with his car. Persons who were C
present there, shouted that the-said car was coming again. On this, Chetan
climbed on the road divider and threw a stone on the said car. As Chetan
had climbed on the road divider, the car went towards the Bahadurgarh at
 a fast speed. Both the brothers again started towards Rohtak on their
 motorcycle. After they travelled for some time, again the accused came
 with his car from behind at a fast speed and accused swerved his car D
 towards left in order to hit the motorcycle. Rohan took the motorcycle on
 the 'kachha' portion of the road on the left side and stopped it. When the
 car of the accused proceeded towards Rohtak, they again started from
 there on their motorcycle. When they had covered some distance, it is
 alleged that Rohan again saw the car of the accused coming from the E
 opposite direction i.e. from Rohtak side. Out of fear they stopped the
 motorcycle on the side of the road, 'in front of a tractor-trolley to save
 themselves. In the meanwhile, Chetan came down from the motorcycle and
 wanted to go behind the tractor trolley to take shelter. The accused hit
 Chelan who was on the road by the right side of his car with force.
 Thereafter the car proceeded in great speed grazing with the tractor-tru1- F
 ley. Because of the impact, Chetan was thrown from the road inside the
 trolley. Seeing the serious condition of Chetan , Rohan stopped a matador,
  driven by one Vinod Kumar of Rohtak and asked him to take to the
  hospital because his brother's condition was serious. Chetan was put in the
  matador and Rohan followed the matador on his motorcycle. Chetan
  reached hospital at 9.30 P.M. and after half an hour he was declared dead. G
  Col. Ajit Singh Saharan the father of the victim was informed, who
· proceeded from Delhi to Rohtak. The first information report was lodged
  at about 11.15 A.M. on June 23, 1988, by the father of the victim. It is said
  that Rohan, because of the sh9ck, virtually remained unconscious
  throughout the night and at 9.00 A.M. he started narrating the details of H
     526                   SUPR~ME COURT REPORTS          (1993] SUPP. 3 S.C.R.

 A the occurrence, to his father, the informant. In the first information report
      all the aforesaid facts relating to the occurrence were mentioned by the
      informant, on the basis of the information given to him by Rohan. On the
      date of occurrence the two brothers, Rohan and Chetan, were aged about
      19 and 17 years respectively.                           ·

 B        T~e report was given to the Head Constable Chand Singh (PW-12),
   who sent the said report to the Police Statio:q, City Bahadurgarh, on the
   basis of which a case was registered. The copy of the first information
   report reached to the Additional Chief Judicial Magistrate on June 23,
   1988 at 4.00 P.M. The inquest as well as the post mortem examination were
 C held on June 23, 1988 itself. The motorcycle bearing No. HYU-5550 was
   produced before the Investigation Officer (PW-16) on June 23. 1988 itself.
   The Investigating Officer (PW~16) reached the place of occurrence. He
   picked up glass piece from the spot as also blood stained earth including
   the plastic strip "Maruti-800", which was lying on the road. On June 25,
   1988, the Investigating Officer went to Bahadurgarh along with the inform- .
 D ant and others. He received a secret information at about 4.15 P.M. that'
   the accused Manoj Kumar was present in his house with the car and·could
   be apprehended there. Whereupon all went to his house in Daya Nand
   Colony, Bahadurgarh, and at the pointing out by Rohan (PW-14), the
   Investigating Officer (PW-16) arrested the accused and took into posses- ·
   sion the Maruti car No. HYU-9808. The car was badly damaged on the
 E right side. From inside the car, broken pieces of glass and stains of blood
   were recovered which were seized and put into sealed parcels. The clothes
   of the accused were also seized. The Investigating Officer got the Maruti
   car photographed and sent the accused for medical examination as he was
   having injuries on his person. The Investigating Officer also got the cai
 F and   the motorcycle mechanically examintrd by a motor mechanic. On
   compariso~ and the examination, the expert gave the opinion that the
   broken pieces of glass found on the road, were of Maruti Car No. HYU-
                1

   9808. It was also found that the plastic strip with "Maruti-800" found on
   the road was of the same car, because the said strip in the car was missing
   at the time of seizure.
 G
          After investigation, report under Section 173 of the Code of Criminal
    Procedure was filed. The accused was put on trial. He was convicted for
    an offence under Section 302 of the Penal Code by the Sessions Judge,
    Rohtak, and sentenced to undergo rigorous imprisonment for life. How-
. H ever, as already stated above, ~he High Court set aside the conviction and
            STATEOFHARYANAv. MANOJ [N.P.SINGH,J.]                        527

sentence of the accused-respondent and acquitted him of the charges             A
levelled against him.

       On behalf of the State, it was pointed out that there was no reason
for the High Court to reject the evidence of Rohan (PW- 14), the brother
of the deceased whose presence at the time of the occurrence and his going
from Delhi to Rohtak along with the deceased, was never questioned by           B
the accused during the trial. It was urged that the circumstantial evidence
collected during investigation, fully supported the case of the prosecution.

      The sole eye-witness of the occurrence is Rohan {PW-14) who has
stated before the Investigating Officer, as well as before the Sessions Court, C
the details of the occurrence, starting from Bahadurgarh and ending at the
Hospital at Rohtak. The other witnesses and circumstances only cor-
roborate the statement of Rohan {PW-14). According to us, the High Court
should have first examined as to whether in the facts and circumstances of
the case, the evidence of the case, the evidence of Rohan {PW-14) should
be accepted. It appears that the High Court mainly considered the ques- D
tions as to whether there was any reasonable explanation for not informing
the police during night, and as to whether Rohan {PW-14) was with Chetan
(deceased) on the motorcycle when Chetan left Delhi for Rohtak. The
special feature of the case is, that accused in his statement under Section
313 of Code of Criminal Procedure admitted that his Maruti car was
standing at the shop of one Juice seller at Bahadurgarh. When he returned E
to the car, he found a motorcycle was parked in front of his car. Then he
blew the horn twice or thrice. Thereafter a boy there who abused him
saying as to why he was in a hurry. Thereafter there was exchange of hot
words between them. He also admitted that at Village Sankhol somebody
threw a stone at his car. No suggestion was given to Rohan {PW-14) la1at F
he did not accompany Chetan (deceased) on motorcycle from Delhi. The
motive, as well as the genesis of the occurrence have been virtually admitted
by the defence.

       Rohan {PW-14) has stated in detail about the altercation at Bahadur-
garh and about the first attack on the way in which the car of the accused      G
is alleged to have hit the left leg of the Chetan and caused injuries, and as
to how ultimately the accused knocked down Chetan on road by his car
with great force. He also stated that after hitting Chetan by the right side
bonnet of the car, accused proceeded ahead grazing with the tractor and
trolley. The fact that the right side of bonnet of the car hit Chetan with
great force, and thereafter accused proceeded ahead "grazing with the           H
    528                  SUPREME COURT REPORTS [1993] SUPP. 3 S.C.R.

A tractor-trolley'', was mentioned in the first information report lodged in the
  forenoon of June 23, 1988. The car of the accused was seized on June 25,
  1988. The right side of the car was found to have been badly damaged. This
  was mainly due to the car grazing with the trolley. If Rohan (PW-14) was ·
  not with Che tan (deceased), how this fact that the car grazed the trolley
  after hitting Chetan, could have been mentioned in the first information
B report lodged on June 23, 1988, before the car was seized. From a bare
  reading of the evidence of Rohan (PW~14), it shall appear that he has
  deposed in a very straight forward manner, giving every detail of the
  incident and as to how the accused-respondent made repeated attempts to
  crush them on the road, because of the altercation at Bahadurgarh. Noth-
C ing has been elicited in the cross-examination. No part of the evidence of
  Rohan (PW-14) has been demolished. The High Court has simply quoted
  the evidence of Rohan (PW~14), but has given no reason why it should be
  rejected. The High Court has observed o1:1ly "thaf the evidence of the
  eye-witness in the court was a belated attempt to improve their testimony
  and bring the same in line with the Doctor's evidence with a view to
D support an incorrect case."
         On the person of deceased, 11 injuries were found during post-
  mortem. Most of the injuries were on the left side of his body which is
  consistent only with the case of the prosecution that while Chetan was
  standing on the road, the accused knocked him down by the right side of
E the car, causing injury on the left side of Chetan. He was thrown on the
  trolley. The trolley was carrying agricultural implements which caused
  some of incised wounds which were found on the person of Chetan during
  post mortem examination. During the cross-examination of Rohan (PW-
  14), the suggestions which had been given, on behalf of the accused, do not
F dispute the case of prosecution that both brothers left Delhi on the
  motorcycle. The High Court committed a grave error in rejecting the
  evidence of Rohan (PW-14). The High Court doubted the presence of
  Rohan (PW-14) with the victim, merely on the ground that Rohan did not
  reach the hospital along with the victim. Since very beginning, the case of
  the prosecution is that Rohan (PW-14) got a matador stopped on the way
G asked the driver .of the matador to take his brother to hospital. Rohan
  followed the said m~tador, on motorcycle. The distance between the place
  of occurrence and the hospital is about 35 Kms. In normal course the
  matador must have reache~ before Rohan reached the hospital on motor-
  cycle. Similarly, the adverse inference draWil by the High Court, as to why
H Rohan (PW-14) did not inform the police regarding the occurrence
                STATEOFHARYANAv. MANOJ[N.P.SINGH,J.]                     529

    throughout the night, according to us, is without justification. A young boy A
    of 19 years, who escaped death even after several attempts on the road and
    ultimately found his brother becoming victim of the said attack, must have
    been completely broken. It was too much to expect from him that before
    his father arrived, he would have taken legal st«ps for prosecuting the
    respondent.
                                                                                B
           The prosecution has unfolded and disclosed the prosecution case in
    a most natural manner and there is no scope for imaginary doubt about
    correctness of the version. Rohan (PW-14) is the sole eye-witness of the
    fetal knock down, by the accused, But, that cannot be held to be an
    infirmity of the prosecution case. A conviction can be based and the verdict C
    of the court can rest even on the testimony of a sole witness, if the court
    is fully satisfied that such witness is a truthful witness and his presence at
    the time of occurrence has been proved beyond reasonable doubt. The
    evidence of Rohan (PW-14) is fully corroborated, by the damaged Maruti
    car found in the premises of the accused ·with the missing plastic strip D
    "Maruti-800", which was found on the spot and collected by the Investigat-
    ing Officer, The comparison of the broken glasses found on the road with
    the broken glasses found in the Maruti car of the accused; the damage
    found only towards the right side of the Maruti car; most of the injuries on
    the person of deceased being on the left side, according to us, go a long
    way to prove that Rohan (PW-14) has disclosed the correct v~rsion of the E
     occurrence. No adverse inference can be drawn in the facts and cir-
     cumstances of the present case, because Rohan (PW-14) or anyone did not
     lodge the first information report during the night itself. PW-13, father of

-    the victim, who is a military officer, has stated on oath, that he got the
     information from Rohtak at about 2.00 or 2.15 in the night and he imme- p
     diately proceeded for Rohtak and reached there at about 4.00 or 4.15 in
     the morning. He found Rohan (PW- 14) in his house at Rohtak, but he was
     "besudh" (not in his senses) and was lying on a "Charpai". At about 9.00
     A.M. in the morning he tried to know the full details from his son Rohan
     and then he lodged the first information report on the basis of the facts G
     narrated by his son Rohan. We find hardly any reason to doubt the
     evidence of the informant (PW-13). It is true that time factor has an
     important role in context with lodging of a first information report. But, if
     the prosecution explains the delay satisfactorily, the Court is not expected
     to reject the whole prosecution case merely on that ground. The present
     case is one such case where taking all facts and circumstances into con- H
    530                   SUPREME COURT REPORTS (1993] SUPP. 3 S.C.R.

A · sideration, the prosecution case cannot be rejected on the ground that the
    first information report was not lodged during the night. The agony c;>f the
    mother of the deceased and other members of the family at Rohtak in
    absence of the father of the victim, who was then at Delhi, can be well
    appreciated. We are of the view that the prosecution has proved its case
B   beyond all reasonable doubt and there is no scope for giving any benefit
    of doubt to the accused-respondent.

         On behalf of the accused-respondent, it was urged that even if the
   prosecution case is accepted at its face value, still the accused-respondent
   cannot be convicted for an offence under Section 302 of the Penal Code;
C utmost he can be convicted for an offence under Section 304 of the Penal
   Code. It is not possible to accept this contention. The accused after leaving
   Bahadurgarh, made repeated attempts to knock down the two brothers by
   his car and ultimately he succeeded in doing so, when Chetan was standing
   on the road. The impact was so serious that Chetan was thrown from road
D, to the trolley. It is fully established that accused intentionally caused such
   bodily injuries, as the accused knew to be likely to cause the death of
   Chetan. As such he committed the offence of murder within the meaning
   of Section 300, liable to be punished for an offence under Section 302 of,
   the Penal Code.

E          Accordingly, the appeal is allowed. The judgment of the High Court
    is set aside. The accused-respondent Manoj Kumar is convicted under
    Section 302 of the Indian Penal Code and is sentenced to undergo rigorous
    imprisonment for life. He should surrender within one week from today,
    failing which all steps be taken by the concerned authorities to take him
F   into custody, to serve out the sentence.

          In view of the order passed in the above appeal, filed on behalf of
    the State of Haryana, there is no necessity to pass the same order in the
    Special Leave Petition filed on behalf of the ·informant. The petition filed
    by the informant is held to have become infructuous and accordingly the
G   same is hereby dismissed.

    T.N.A.                                                     Appeal allowed.