STATE BANK OF INDIA & ORS.versusSHEO SHANKAR TEWARI

718                      [2019]REPORTS
               SUPREME COURT    3 S.C.R. 718              [2019] 3 S.C.R.


A                     STATE BANK OF INDIA & ORS.
                                       v.
                         SHEO SHANKAR TEWARI
               (Special Leave Petition (Civil) No. 30335 of 2017)
B                            FEBRUARY 08, 2019
          [UDAY UMESH LALIT AND INDU MALHOTRA, JJ.]
             Service Law – Compassionate appointment – Substitution of
      original scheme under which appointment on compassionate
      grounds could be made, by a scheme under which only ex gratia
C
      payment to be made over to the dependents – The decisions of
      Supreme Court, relied upon by the petitioner proceeded on the
      premise that there was no vested right to have the matter considered
      under the former scheme and the governing scheme would be one
      which was in force when the applications came up for consideration
D     – The decision relied upon by the respondent proceeded on a
      different principle and stipulated that the governing scheme would
      be the former scheme and any subsequent that came into force after
      the claim was raised would not be applicable – The principles
      emanating from these two lines of decisions were not consistent
      and did not reconcile – Therefore, matter required consideration by
E
      a larger Bench – The Registry directed to place the papers of this
      case before the Chief Justice of India for constituting a Bench of
      appropriate strength to dispose of the petition – Reference to larger
      bench.
            State Bank of India and another v. Raj Kumar (2010)
F
            11 SCC 661; MGB Gramin Bank v. Chakrawarti Singh
            (2014) 13 SCC 583 : [2013] 10 SCR 1; Canara Bank
            and another v. M. Mahesh Kumar (2015) 7 SCC 412 :
            [2015] 9 SCR 724; SBI v. Jaspal Kaur case (2007) 9
            SCC 571 : [2007] 2 SCR 101 – referred to.
G                            Case Law Reference
            (2010) 11 SCC 661         referred to            Para 4
            [2013] 10 SCR 1           referred to            Para 5
            [2015] 9 SCR 724          referred to            Para 6
H           [2007] 2 SCR 101          referred to            Para 8
                                      718
        STATE BANK OF INDIA v. SHEO SHANKAR TEWARI                           719


       CIVIL APPELLATE JURISDICTION: Special Leave Petition                  A
(Civil) No. 30335 of 2017.
      From the Judgment and Order dated 28.08.2017 of the High Court
of Judicature at Allahabad, Bench at Lucknow in Special Appeal No.
363 of 2017.
     Sanjay Kapur, Bharath Gangadharan, Ms. Megha Karnwal, Ms.               B
Mansi Kapur, Advs. for the Petitioners.
      Satish Pandey, Sanjay Kumar Visen, Santosh Kumar Tripathi,
Rajesh Maurya, Ms. Ritu Rastogi, Advs. for the Respondent.
         The Order of the Court was passed by                                C
       UDAY UMESH LALIT, J. 1. The father of the respondent
was working with the petitioner-bank and while in service died on
11.11.2004. A request was made for appointment on compassionate
grounds by the respondent on 03.03.2005. As on that date, compassionate
appointment could be granted to the dependents of employees dying in         D
harness. However, instructions were issued by the Government of India,
Ministry of Finance on 14.07.2004 to frame an appropriate scheme for
payment of monetary assistance in lieu of compassionate appointment.
Vide its communication dated 31.07.2004 the IBA1 had advised the banks
to frame their own schemes based on said model.
                                                                             E
       2. Before the application of the respondent could be considered,
the petitioner-bank formally approved a scheme for payment of ex-gratia
lumpsum amount in lieu of compassionate appointment vide its scheme
circulated on 04.08.2005. The relevant clause namely Clause 15(vi)
provided:-
                                                                             F
         “With effect from the date the “SBI Scheme for payment of ex-
         gratia lumpsum amount” comes into force the bank’s scheme of
         compassionate appointments shall be deemed abolished/withdrawn
         and no request for compassionate appointment shall be entertained
         or considered by the bank under any circumstance.”
       3. According to the petitioner-bank, the application of the           G
respondent for compassionate appointment could not therefore be
considered. The challenge to the action on part of the bank by way of
Writ Petition was accepted by the Single Judge and the Division Bench
of the High Court which decisions are presently in appeal.
1
    Indian Banks’ Association                                                H
720               SUPREME COURT REPORTS                        [2019] 3 S.C.R.


A           4. The learned counsel for the petitioner-bank relied upon the
      decision of this Court in State Bank of India and another vs. Raj
      Kumar2 and particularly paragraphs 2, 8, 12 and 13 which are to the
      following effect:-
            “2. The respondent’s father employed as a Messenger in the
B           appellant Bank, died on 1-10-2004. The respondent’s mother made
            applications dated 6-6-2005 and 14-6-2005 requesting for his
            appointment on compassionate grounds. When the applications
            were being processed and verified, the Compassionate
            Appointment Scheme was substituted by the “SBI Scheme for
            payment of ex gratia lump sum amount” with effect from 4-8-
C           2005. The new Scheme abolished the old Scheme for
            compassionate appointments and instead provided for payment
            of an ex gratia lump sum amount as per its terms.
                                 …          …      …
            8. It is now well settled that appointment on compassionate grounds
D           is not a source of recruitment. On the other hand it is an exception
            to the general rule that recruitment to public services should be on
            the basis of merit, by an open invitation providing equal opportunity
            to all eligible persons to participate in the selection process. The
            dependants of employees, who die in harness, do not have any
E           special claim or right to employment, except by way of the
            concession that may be extended by the employer under the rules
            or by a separate scheme, to enable the family of the deceased to
            get over the sudden financial crisis. The claim for compassionate
            appointment is therefore traceable only to the scheme framed by
            the employer for such employment and there is no right whatsoever
F           outside such scheme. An appointment under the scheme can be
            made only if the scheme is in force and not after it is abolished/
            withdrawn. It follows therefore that when a scheme is abolished,
            any pending application seeking appointment under the scheme
            will also cease to exist, unless saved. The mere fact that an
            application was made when the scheme was in force, will not by
G
            itself create a right in favour of the applicant.
                                 …         …       …
            12. Obviously, therefore, there can be no immediate or automatic
            appointment merely on an application. Several circumstances
      2
          (2010) 11 SCC 661
H
       STATE BANK OF INDIA v. SHEO SHANKAR TEWARI                              721
                 [UDAY UMESH LALIT, J.]

         having a bearing on eligibility, and financial condition, up to the   A
         date of consideration may have to be taken into account. As none
         of the applicants under the scheme has a vested right, the scheme
         that is in force when the application is actually considered, and
         not the scheme that was in force earlier when the application was
         made, will be applicable.
                                                                               B
         13. Further, where the earlier scheme is abolished and the new
         scheme which replaces it specifically provides that all pending
         applications will be considered only in terms of the new scheme,
         then the new scheme alone will apply. As compassionate
         appointment is a concession and not a right, the employer may
         wind up the scheme or modify the scheme at any time depending         C
         upon its policies, financial capacity and availability of posts.”
       5. He also relied upon the decision of this Court in MGB Gramin
Bank vs. Chakrawarti Singh3. Paragraphs 2, 15 and 16 of said decision
are as under:
                                                                               D
         “2. The facts and circumstances giving rise to this appeal are
         that: the father of the respondent who was working as a Class III
         employee with the appellant Bank died on 19-4-2006 while in
         harness. The respondent applied for compassionate appointment
         on 12-5-2006. During the pendency of the application filed by the
         respondent, a new scheme dated 12-6-2006 came into force with         E
         effect from 6-10-2006. Clause 14 thereof provides that all
         applications pending on the date of commencement of the scheme
         shall be considered for grant of ex gratia payment to the family
         instead of compassionate appointment.
                           …        …       …                                  F
         15. The Court considered various aspects of service jurisprudence
         and came to the conclusion that as the appointment on
         compassionate ground may not be claimed as a matter of right
         nor an applicant becomes entitled automatically for appointment,
         rather it depends on various other circumstances i.e. eligibility     G
         and financial conditions of the family, etc. the application has to
         be considered in accordance with the scheme. In case the scheme
         does not create any legal right, a candidate cannot claim that his
         case is to be considered as per the scheme existing on the date
3
    (2014) 13 SCC 583
                                                                               H
722             SUPREME COURT REPORTS                               [2019] 3 S.C.R.


A            the cause of action had arisen i.e. death of the incumbent on the
             post. In SBI vs. Raj Kumar2, this Court held that in such a situation,
             the case under the new scheme has to be considered.
             16. In view of the above position, the reasoning given by the
             learned Single Judge4 as well as by the Division Bench5 is not
B            sustainable in the eye of the law. The appeal is allowed and the
             impugned judgments4 & 5 of the High Court are set aside.”
            6. On the other hand, reliance was placed by the learned counsel
      appearing for the respondent on the decision in Canara Bank and
      another vs. M. Mahesh Kumar6. Paragraphs 11, 12, 17 and 22 of this
C     decision are:-
             “11. During the pendency of the matter before the Division Bench,
             Indian Banks Association (for short “IBA”) formulated a scheme
             based on the guidelines issued by the Government of India. As
             per the said Scheme, the banks have scrapped the scheme of
D            compassionate appointment and introduced the new scheme of
             ex gratia payment in lieu of compassionate appointment by HO
             Circular No. 35 of 2005 dated 14-2-2005. According to appellant
             Bank, as on date of consideration of the application for
             compassionate appointment, there was no policy to provide
             compassionate appointment under “Dying in Harness Scheme”.
E            It is therefore the contention of the Bank that the new 2005
             Scheme applies to all pending applications for appointment on
             compassionate ground, the respondent’s case could not be
             considered and as per the new Scheme, they are only entitled to
             ex gratia payment in lieu of compassionate appointment.
F            12. The main question falling for consideration is whether the
             Scheme passed in 2005 providing for ex gratia payment or the
             Scheme then in vogue in 1993 providing for compassionate
             appointment is applicable to the respondent.
                                  …        …         …
G
             17. Applying these principles to the case in hand, as discussed
             earlier, the respondent’s father died on 10-10-1998 while he was
      4
        Chakrawarti Singh vs. Marwar Ganganagar Bikaner Gramin Bank, Civil Writ Petition
      No.7869 of 2008, decided on 27.7.2009 (Raj.)
      5
        MGB Gramin Bank vs. Chakrawarti Singh, Civil Special Appeal (W)No.798 of
      2009, decided on 27.1.2010 (Raj.)
H     6
        (2015) 7 SCC 412
     STATE BANK OF INDIA v. SHEO SHANKAR TEWARI                             723
               [UDAY UMESH LALIT, J.]

      serving as a clerk in the appellant Bank and the respondent applied   A
      timely for compassionate appointment as per the scheme “Dying
      in Harness Scheme” dated 8-5-1993 which was in force at that
      time. The appellant Bank rejected the respondent’s claim on 30-
      6-1999 recording that there are no indigent circumstances for
      providing employment to the respondent. Again on 7-11-2001, the
                                                                            B
      appellant Bank sought for particulars in connection with the issue
      of the respondent’s employment. In the light of the principles laid
      down in the above decisions, the cause of action to be considered
      for compassionate appointment arose when Circular No. 154 of
      1993 dated 8-5-1993 was in force. Thus, as per the judgment
      referred in SBI vs. Jaspal Kaur case7, the claim cannot be decided    C
      as per 2005 Scheme providing for ex gratia payment. The Circular
      dated 14-2-2005 being an administrative or executive order cannot
      have retrospective effect so as to take away the right accrued to
      the respondent as per Circular of 1993.
                         …       …        …                                 D
      22. Considering the scope of the scheme “Dying in Harness
      Scheme 1993” then in force and the facts and circumstances of
      the case, the High Court rightly directed the appellant Bank to
      reconsider the claim of the respondent for compassionate
      appointment in accordance with law and as per the Scheme (1993)       E
      then in existence. We do not find any reason warranting
      interference.”
       7. In these decisions, the original scheme under which appointment
on compassionate grounds could be made, was substituted by one under
which only ex gratia payment would be made over to the dependants.          F
The decisions relied upon by the petitioner proceed on the premise that
there is no vested right to have the matter considered under the former
scheme and the governing scheme would be one which was in force
when the applications came up for consideration. On the other hand,
the decision relied upon by the respondent proceeds on a different
principle and stipulates that the governing scheme would be the former      G
scheme and any subsequent that came into force after the claim was
raised would not be applicable. The decision of this Court in Canara
Bank6 did notice the earlier two decisions in State Bank of India2 and
MGB Gramin Bank 3.
                                                                            H
724               SUPREME COURT REPORTS                        [2019] 3 S.C.R.


A           8. All the aforesaid three decisions as well as one in Jaspal Kaur7
      were rendered by Benches of two Hon’ble Judges of this Court.
            9. The principles emanating from these two lines of decisions, in
      our considered view are not consistent and do not reconcile. The matter
      therefore requires consideration by a larger Bench of at least three
B     Hon’ble Judges of this Court.
            10. We, therefore, request the Registry to place the papers of this
      case before the Hon’ble the Chief Justice of India for constituting a
      Bench of appropriate strength to dispose of the present petition.
              11. Ordered accordingly.
C

      Devika Gujral                                  Matter referred to larger Bench.




D




E




F




G




      7
H         (2007) 9 SCC 571