SRI SANGAPPA KALYANAPPA BANGI (DEAD) THROUGH LRS.versusLAND TRIBUNAL, JAMKHANDI AND ORS.

A SRI SANGAPPA KALYANAPPA BANGI (DEAD) THROUGH LRS.
                                   v.
                  LAND TRIBUNAL, JAMKHANDI AND ORS.

                                 SEPTEMBER 15, 1998

B            [S. SAGHIR AHMED ANDS. RAJENDRA BABU, JJ.]

          Tenancy and Land laws-Kamataka Land Refomzs Act, 1961-Section
    21-Assignment of interest in land by tenant-Death of tenant:-Testamentmy
    dfaposition of land by deceased-A devise or bequest under will amounts to
C   an assif:,~Zment of illlerest in the land-But can be effected only to heirs men-
    tioned in Section 21-Testamentmy disposition to a stranger to family of
    tenant would amount to assignment of illterest-Hence bwred under Section
    21 of the Act.

           Words & Phrases--''Heirs''-Meaning of in the collte.xt of Section 21 of
D Kamataka Land Refonns Act-Means and includes 'natural heirs' only and
    not 'hei1~·' as per will of testator.

          'S·l' filed an application under Section 45 of the ¥arnataka Land
    Reforms Ad, 1961 claiming occupancy rights in respect of the land. During
E   the pend ency of the proceedings he made a will and bequeathed his tenancy
    rights in respect of the land in favour of 'A·l'. S-1 died during the pendency
    of proceedings before the Tribunal. 'A·l' claiming to be legal representative
    of 'S·l' executed another Will under which 'H·l' made a claim to the land
    through 'S·l'. But the Land Tribunal held that the wife and children of the
    appellant (respondents No. 2 to 5), are entitled to occupancy rights in
F   respect of the said land. Aggrieved by the order appellants preferred
    appeal to the Appellate Authority. The Appellate Authority dismissed the
    same. Revision filed against the order was also dismissed.

          In this appeal challenging the order, the appellants submitted that
G   bequest to be made under a Will is not confined to the issues but may
    include others and a bequest under Will would not amount to assignment
    or transfer barred under Section 21 of the Karnataka Land Reforms Act.

          The respondents contended that Section 21 of the Act excluded a
    disposition of property under a Will; that the object of prohibitions under
H   Section 21 is not to allow any stranger to come on the property and the
                                            600
                   S.K. BAN GI v. LAND TRIBUNAL, JAMKHANDI                     601

      meaning of the expression 'heirs' must be confined only to the deceased's       A
      issues or spouse or who are under law recognised as heirs and not to those
      who become heirs by virtue of an intercession of a Will.


..          Dismissing the appeal, the Court

             HELD : 1.1. A devise under a Will would amount to assignment of          B
      interest in the lands and, therefore, invalid under the provisions of Section
      21 of the Karnataka Lands Reforms Act. [606-C]

             1.2. The heirs who can take the property are those who are referable
      to in Section 21. But as to who his heirs are will have to be determined not
      with reference to the Act, but with reference to the personal law on the        C
      matter. [605-E]

            Shivanna v. Rachiah, (1977) 1 K.L.J. 146; Dhareppa v. State of Kar-
      nataka and Ors., (1979) 1 KLJ 18, overruled.

            Timmakka Kom Venkanna Naik v. The land T1ibu11al and Others,              D
      (1987) 2 KLJ 337, approved.

             2. Assignment of any interest in the tenanted land will not be valid.
      A devise or a bequest under a Will cannot be stated to fall outside the
      scope of the said provision inasmuch as such assignment disposes of or
      deals with the lease. When there is a disposition of rights under a Will
                                                                                      E
      though operates posthumously is nevertheless a recognition of the right of
      the legatee thereunder as to his rights on the tenanted land. In that event,
      there is an assignment of tenanted land, but that right will come into effect
      after the death of the testator. [605-E~F]
                                                                                      F
            3. The purpose behind Section 21 is not to allow strangers to the
...   family of the tenant to come upon the land. The tenanted land is not allowed
      to be sub-let i.e. to pass to the hands of a stranger nor any kind of assign-
      ment taking place in respect of the lease held. Therefore, to promote the
      object of the enactment the deceased tenant can assign his rights only to
      such heirs i.e. spouse or any descendants or who is related to the deceased G
      tenant by legitimate kinship. When it is possible for the tenant to pass the
      property to those who may not necessary be the heirs under the ordinary law
      and who become heirs only b)i reason of a bequest under a Will in which
      event, he would be a stranger to the family and imported on the land thus to
      the detriment of the landlord. In that event, it must be taken that a devise H
    602                    SUPREME COURT REPORTS (1998] SUPP.1 S.C.R.

A under a Will also amount to an assignment and, therefore, not valid for the
    purpose of Section 21 of the Act. [606-H-A-B-C]

          Timmakka Kam Venkanna Naik v. The land T1ibunal and Othe1:~,
    (1987) 2 KW 337, approved.

B         Angurbala Mullick v. Debmbrata Mullick, [1951] SCR 1125; Dr. Anant
    T1imbak Sabnis v. Vasant Pratap Pandit, AIR (1980) Bombay 69; Bhavarlal
    Labhchand Shah v.Kanaiyalal Natha/al Intawala, AIR (1986) SC 600; Indian
    Oil C01poratio11 v. Himanqshu Kumar Ghosh, AIR (1983) Cal. 87 and Balu       ~
                                                                                 ~




    and Others v. Birda and Othm, AIR (1983) Raj. 13, referred to.

c           CIVIL APPELLATE JURISDICTION : Civil Appeal No. 1998 of
    1991.

         From the Judgment and Order dated 7.9.90 of the Karnataka High
    Court in C.R.P. No. 4659 of 1990.
D
            S.K. Kulkarni for Surya Kant for the Appellant.

         Mohan V. Katarki, Ashok Kumar Sharma and M. Veerappa for the
    Respondents.
                                                                                 ,~

E           The Judgment of the Court was delivered by

        RAJENDRA BABU, J. Sangappa Kalyanappa Bangi claiming to be a
  tenant in respect of land comprised in Survey No. 169/lA measuring about
  16 acres 3 gunthas situated at J amkhandi made an application to the Land
  Tribunal at Jamkhandi for grant of occupancy rights in respect of the said
F land. The Land Tribunal made an order on 28th March, 1988 holding that
  respondents 2 to 5 entitled to occupancy rights in respect of the said land.
  Aggrieved by that order an appeal was preferred to the District Land
  Reform Appellate Authority (hereinafter referred to as "the Appellate
                                                                                 -
  Authority"). The Appellate Authmity dismissed the same. Aggrieved by
  that order a Revision Petition was· preferred before the High Court unsuc-
G
  cessfully. Hence this appeal by special leave.
                                                                                 "'·
            The facts leading to this appeal are as follows :

         Sangappa Bangi made an application under Section 45 of the Kar-
H   nataka Land Reforms Act, 1961 (hereinafter referred to as "the Act") in
          S.K. BANG Iv. LAN 1.> .rJUBUNAL, JAMKHANDI [RAJENDRA BABU, J.]       603

    Form No. 7 claiming occupancy rights in respect of the land in question.          A
    During the pendency of the proceedings he made a Will on 8.4.1975
    bequeathing his tenancy rights in respect of the land in favour of one
    Ameerjan who claims to be the Legal Representative of the appellant
    Sangappa who died during the pendency of proceedings before the
    Tribunal. She in turn executed another Will under which Husensab is
                                                                                      B
    making a claim to the land through the said Sangappa. Respondent 2 is the
    wife of said Sangappa while respondents 3 to 5 are children of Sangappa.
    The Land Tribunal as well as the Appellate Authority examined the
    question whether right to tenancy could have been the subject matter of a
    bequest under a Will. In answering that question the Appellate Authority
    referred to a decision of the High Court of Karnataka in Shivanna v.
                                                                                      c
    Rachiah, C.R.P. No. 319/76 dated 29.3.1977 reported in (1977) 1K.L.J.146
    (Short notes Item 160) wherein it was stated that there was no prohibition
    against a tenant disposing of his interest by testamentary disposition.
    However it was stated that such testamentary disposition must be confined
    to the heirs of the deceased or an interpretation of the provision of Section     D
    21 and 24 of the Karnataka Land Reforms Act that the tenancy rights are
    inherited only by legal representatives and not by anybody else; that
    tenancy could be deemed to have been continued in favour of heirs of the
    tenant. It is al~o made clear that transfer of tenancy rights made in violation
    of the provisions of Section 21 would be void. The High Court did not give        E
    any detailed reasons, hut taking the view that the Appellate Authority and
    the Land Tribunal having concurrently held that. respondents 2 to 5 are
    entitled for grant of occupancy rights found no reasons to interfere with
    the order made by them.
                                                                                      F

-          Shri S.K. Kulkarni, learned advocate for the appellants submitted
    that it is clear from the law laid down by this Court in Angurbala 'Mullick
    v. Debabrata Mullick, (1951) SCR 1125, that a bequest to be made under a
    Will is not confined to the issues, but may include others and a bequest
    under Will would not amount to assignment or transfer and in support of
    this proposition he further placed reliance upon the decision of the Kar-         G
    nataka High Court in (1977) 1 KLl 146 (short notes item 160) to which we
    have adverted to earlier and Dharppa v. State of Kamataka and Ors.,
    (1979) 1 KLl 18. He submitted that the Will is not a transaction wherein
    property will pass inter vivas inasmuch as the Will takes effect only on the
    death of a party and is not a mode of succession thereof and there is no          H
    604                  SUPREME COURT REPORTS [1998] SUPP. 1 S.C.R.

A element cf transfer or assignment of the same. He further submitted that
    the view taken by the High Court in Timmakka Kom Venkanna Naik v. The
    Land T1ibunal and Others, (1987) 2 KLl 337 is not correct and the High
    Court therein had placed reliance on the decision of Bombay High Court
    in Dr. Anant T1imbak Sabnis v. Vasant Pratap Pandit, AIR (1980) Born. 69
B   which stated that assignment will also include a disposition under a Will.
    He stat~d that enunciation was made in the context of Bombay Rent Act
    and under the Scheme of that enactment even disposition by Will was
    included, He, therefore, very strongly commended to us that the view taken
    by the Appellate Authority was not correct and needs to be interfered with.

C          Shri Mohan V. Katarki, learned Advocate for the contesting respon-
    dent submitted that there is no definition of heir or assignment in the Land
    Reforms Act. To ascertain ihe meaning of these expressions, we have to
    look to the Transfer of Property Act or personal law as is applicable to the
    deceased Sangappa. He submitted that the scheme of provision under
D   Section 21 of the Land Reforms Act excluded a disposition of property
    under a Will. He pointed out that the object of prohibitions under Section
    21 is not to allow any stranger to come on the property. Insofar as the
    members of the family of a deceased tenant or his heirs the law has made
    an exception as provided in the proviso thereto. Therefore, the meaning of
E   the expression 'heirs' must be confined only to the deceased's issues or
    spouse or who are under law recognised as heirs and not to those who
    become heirs by virtue of an intercession of a Will. He strongly relied upon
    the decision in AIR (1980) Born. 69 which in turn had been approved by
    this Court in Bhavarlal Labhchand Shah v. Kanaiyalal Nathalal Intawala,
    AIR (1986) SC 600. He submitted that the expression 'heir' or 'assignment'
F   may be given either a restrictive meaning or an enlarged meaning depend-
    ing up,on the circumstances arising in a case and in the present case the
     object of Section 21 being very clear not to induct strangers upon the
    property a restricted meaning will have to be given to the concept of heirs
                                                                                   -
     and a wider meaning will have to be given to the expression 'assignment'
G    so as to include a disposition under a Will. He contended that is how
     sections 21 and 24 will have to be read together and read thus, the view
     taken by the Karnataka High Court in Timmakka Kon Venkanna Naik v.
     171e Land Tlibunal and Others, (1987) 2 KLl 337, is in order and that view
     is sound. He also drew our attention to the decisions of Indian Oil Cor-
H   poration v. Himangshu Kumar Ghosh, reported in AIR (1983) CAL. 87 and
      S.K. BANG! v. LAND TRIBUNAL, JAMKHANDI [RAJENDRA BABU, .T.]           605

Batu and Others v. Birda and Others, reported in AIR (1983) Raj. 13, in            A
support of the contentions put forth by him.

      This case gives rise to a difficult and doubtful question whether a
devise under a Will would amount to an as5ignment of interest in the lands
and, therefore, invalid under the provisions of Section 21 of the Land
Reforms Act. What is prohibited under Section 21 of the Act is that there
                                                                                   B
cannot be any sub-division or sub-letting of the land held by a tenant or
assignment of any interest thereunder. Exceptions thereto are when the
tenant dies, the surviving members of the joint family and if he is not a
member of the joint family, his heirs shall be entitled to partition and sub-
divide the land leased subject to certain conditions. Section 24 of the Act        c
declares that when a tenant dies, the landlord is deemed to continue the
tenancy to the heirs of such tenant on the same terms and conditions on
which the tenant was holding at the time of his death. We have to read
Section 21 with Section 24 to understand the full purport of the provisions.
Section 24 is enacted only for the purpose of making it clear that the             D
tenancy continues notwithstanding the death of the tenant and such tenancy
is held by the heirs of such tenant on the same terms and conditions on
which he had held prior to his death. The heirs who can take the property
are those who are referable to in Section 21. If he is member of the joint
family then the surviving members of the joint family and if he is not such
a member of a joint family, his heirs would be entitled to partition. Again        E
as to who his heirs are will have to be determined not with references to
the Act, but with reference to the personal law on the matter. The assign-
ment of any interest in the tenanted land will not be valid. A devise or a
bequest under a Will cannot be stated to fall outside the scope of the said
provision inasmuch as such assignment disposes of or deals with the lease.         F
When there is a disposition of rights under a Will though operates posthu-
mously is nevertheless a recognition of the right of the legatee thereunder
as to his rights of the tenanted land. In that event, there is an assignment
of the tenanted land, but that right will come into effect after the death of
the testator. Therefore, though it can bt< said in general terms that the
devise simpliciter will not amount to an assignment, in a special case of this     G
nature interpretation will have to be otherwise.

       If we bear in mind the purpose behind Section 21, it becomes clear
that the object of the law is not to allow strangers to the family of the tenant
to come upon the land. The tenanted land is not allowed to be sub-let, i.e.        H
    606                   SUPREME COURT REPORTS [1998) SUPP .1 S.C.R.

A to pass to the hands of a stranger nor any kind of assignment taking place
  in respect of the lease held. If the tenant could assign his interest, strangers
  can come upon the land, and therefore, the expression 'assignment' will
  have to be given such meaning as to promote the object of the enactment.
  Therefore, the deceased tenant can assign his rights only to the heirs
B noticed in the provision and such heirs could only be the spouse or any
  descendants or who is related to the deceased tenant by legitimate kinship.
  We must take into consideration that when it is possible for the tenant to
  pass the property to those who may not necessarily be the heirs under the
  ordinary law and who become heirs only by reason of a bequest under a
  Will in which event, he would be a stranger to the family and imported on
C the land thus to the detriment of the landlord. In that event, it must be
  taken that a devise under a Will also amount to an assignment and,
  therefore, not valid for the purpose of Section 21 of the Act. If section 24
  is read along with Section 21, it would only mean that the land can pass by
  succession to the heirs of a deceased tenant, but subject to the conditions
D prescribed in Section 21 of the Act. Therefore, we are of the view that the
  broad statement made by the High Court in the two decisions in 1977(1)
   KLJ 146 (short notes item 160) and Dhareppa v. State of Kama/aka and
   Others, reported in (1979) 1 KLJ 18, would not promote the object and
   purpose of the law. Therefore, the better view appears to us is as stated by
E the High Court in Timmakka Kom Venkanna Naik v. The Land T1ibwzal
  and Others, (1987) 2 KLJ 337.


         However, Shri Kulkarni drew our attention to a decision of this Court
  in Angurbala Mullick v. Debabrata Mullick, [1951) SCR 1125, to contend
F that an heir need not necessarily be natural descendant or one who is
  related by legitimate kinship, but others also and therefore if any interest
  in a property is devised to them, the same would not amount to assignment
  barred under Seetion 21 of the Act. It is no doubt true that the meaning
  attributed to an heir could be as suggested by the learned counsel for the
  appellants so as to include the descendant and other persons related by
G legitimate kinship or otherwise who may be covered by a Will, but the true
  question to be decided in this case is if there is a devise of that nature is
  hit by Section 21 of the Act or not. The object and purpose of Section 21
                                                                                     ...
  being to confine the rights of tenancy only to those known under law as
   heirs and therefore, assignment to strangers is barred. Thus it can be seen
H that a ~road definition of an heir would not be of much help. Hence the
           S.K. BANGI v. LAND TRIBUNAL, JAMKHANDI (RAJENDRA BABU, J.]    607

    learned counsel for the appellant cannot derive any assistance from the     A
    said decision.

          We therefore, dismiss this appeal, however directing the parties to
    bear their respective costs.

    N.J.                                                   Appeal dismissed.    B




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