SMT. RAMKUBAI SINCE DECEASED BY LRS.versusHAZARIMAL DHOKALCHAND CHANDAK AND ORS.

                     SMT. RAMKUBAI SINCE DECEASED BY LRS.                                 A
                                               v.
                HAZARIMAL DHOKALCHAND CHANDAK AND ORS.

......                               AUGUST 13, 1999

             [V.N. KHARE AND SYED SHAH MOHAMMED QUADRI, JJ.]                              B

              Rent Control & Eviction:

                 Bombay Rents, Hotel and Lodging House Rates Control Act, 1947-
         Sections 13(l)(g), 13(l)(e) and 17-Bonafide requirement-Premises required        C
         by landlady for her unemployed son for setting-up Kirana business-Landlady
         herself and another son carrying-on same business separatelJ;-Meanwhile
         the said son-started working as Contractor-Whether bonafide requirement
         affected-HELD, No,. since the son can not be expected to remain unemployed
         till final disposal of case, the taking up of contract work meanwhile will not   D
         militate against his carrying on the family business.

               The landlady-Appellant filed a suit for recovery of possession of the
         suit premises on the grounds that there had been default in payment of rent,
         the premises were sub-let, and bona fide requirement for personal occupation.
         The Trial Court granted a decree for eviction holding that all the grounds       E
         were established by the landlady. The Appellate Court found that there was
         no default in payment of rent; there was no subletting and there was no case
         of personal requirement. The High Court confirmed the findings of the
         Appellate Court. Hence, this Appeal by the landlady.

               It was contended for the landlady that merely on the ground that her       F
         other son is carrying on Kirana business in one shop and she is a partner
         in that firm, the bona fide requirement of the premises for her son was
         wrongly negatived by both the Appellate Court as well as the High Court and
         that at the time of filing of the petition, the son was unemployed, but later
         on he started working as a Contractor.
                                                                                          G
               Allowing the Appeal, this Court

              HELD : 1. The Appellants have established bona fide requirement to
         recover the possession of the suit premises from the Respondents. [466-DJ

               2.1 Though the son of the landlady was unemployed on the date of filing    H
                            .                 461
    462                      SUPREME COURT REPORTS [1999) SUPP. l S.C.R.

A   of the suit, he could not be expected to idle away the time by r.emaining
    unemployed till the case got finally decided. Therefore, taking up contract
    work, in the meanwhile, will not militate against his carrying on the business
    of Kirana, which was his family business, which was carried on by his father
    and was later carried on by his brother independently. (465-E)

B         2.2. The fact that the landlady during her lifetime was a partner in the
    firm carrying on Kirana business does not disentitle her son to establish his
    own business. [465-F)

          2.3. None.of the reasons given leads to the inference that son did not
    intend to start family Kirana business. So, relief cannot be denied to the
C   landlady to recover the suit premises for personal requirement of her son
    to establish Kirana business independently. [465-G)

           3. The finding of the Appellate Court that, the landlady will suffer
    greater hardship than the tenants if decree is not passed in her favour, has
D   become final and thus the requirement of sub-section (2) of Section 13 of the
    Bombay Rents, Hotel and Lodging House Rates Control Act, 1947 is also
    satisfied. [466-8]

          CIVIL APPELLATE JURISDICTION: Civil Appeal No. 329of1998.

E        From the Judgment and Order dated 27.3.97 of the Bombay High Court
    in W.P. No. 362 of 1984.

          V.N. Ganpule, Ms. S.V. Sonawane and S.K. Agnihotri for the Appellants.

          V.A. Mohta, A.S. Bhasme and Manoj Kumar Mishra for the Respondents.
F         The Judgment of the Court was delivered by

           SYED SHAH MOHAMMED QUADRI, J. This appeal, by special leave,
    is directed against the judgment and order of the High Court of Judicature
    at Bombay in W.P.No.362of1984 dated March 27, 1997. The appellants are
G   the legal representatives of deceased landlady, Smt. Ramkubai, and the
    respondents are original defendant No. I, Hajarimal Dhokalchand Chandak
    and the legal representatives of the second defendant Lale hand Dhokalchand
    Chandak (hereinafter they are referred to as 'landlady' and 'tenants').

          The landlady filed civil suit, bearing Civil Suit No.12 of 1975 in ttie
H   Court of Civil Judge J.D. lgatpuri, against respondent No. I herein and the said
        RAMKUBAI v. H.D. CHANDAK [SYED SHAH MOHAMMED QUADRI, J .)            463

Lalchand Dhokalchand Chandak who died during the pendency of the                     A
proceedings, respondent Nos. '2A' to '2F' are his legal representatives, for
recovery of possession of house bearing Municipal No. 138 and one of the
rooms in house No.150 within the Municipal limits of lgatpuri town (for short
'the suit premises') under Sections 12 and 13(l)(e) and (g) of the Bombay
Rents, Hotel and Lodging House Rates Control Act, 1947 (for short 'the Act').        B
Recovery of possession was sought on the following three grounds :

        {I)   the tenant committed default in payment of rent for the period,
              June 1973 to November 10, 1974;
        (2)   the first defendant sublet the premises to the second defendant;
        (3)   bona fide requirement of the landlady for personal occupation          C
              of her family.

      The first defendant did not oppose the suit.

       The second defendant contested the suit and denied all the grounds.
It was pleaded that the first defendant and the second defendant were brothers       D
and they constitute a joint family and that the premises were obtained by the
first defendant for the family. The learned trial court found that all the grounds
were established by the landlady and granted a decree for eviction of tenants.
The tenants went in appeal before the Court of Assistant Judge of Nasik in
Civil Appeal No. 13 8 of 1981. The Appellate Court found that there was no           E
wilful default in payment of rent; there was no subletting of the premises and
that there was no case of personal requirement of the landlady. However, it
has held that there would not be any real hardship to the tenants if decree
of eviction is passed on the ground that the landlady's requirement is bona
fide and reasonable. In this view, the Appellate Court set aside the order of
the trial court and allowed the appeal on September 28, 1983. The correctness        F
of that judgment of the Appellate Court was assailed by the appellants in the
High Court of Bombay in Writ Petition No.362 of 1984. The High Court
confirmed the findings of the Appellate Court on all the grounds and dismissed
the writ petition on March 27, 1997. It is from that 'judgment and order of the
High Court that this appeal arises.                                                  G
      The only point canvassed before us relates to bona fide personal
requirement of the landlady.

      Mr. V.N. Ganpule, learned senior counsel for the appellants, contended
that the landlady sought eviction of the tenants for personal requirement to         H
    464                      SUPREME COURT REPORTS [1999) SUPP. l S.C.R.

A establish a Kirana shop for her son - Bhikchand Jasraj Chordiya (for short
    'Bhikchand') - which was her family business and that merely on the ground
    that her other son is carrying on Kirana business in one shop and she is a
    partner in the firm which is carrying on the business in the second shop, the
    plea for bona fide personal requirement was negatived by both the Appellate
B   Court as well as the High Court.

         Mr. V.A. Mohta, learned senior counsel appearing for the respondents,
    submitted that the reasons given by the Appellate Court and confirmed by
    the High Court are very cogent and the order under appeal is a just order
    which does not warrant any interference.
c         Since the only ground urged for consideration is under Section 13( l )(g),
    it may be useful to extract that provision here :-

            "13(l)(g). When landlord may recover possession -

            (1) Notwithstanding anything contained in this Act [but subject to the
D           provisions of Sections 15 and 15A], a Iandlo.rd shall be entitled to
            recover possession of any premises if the Court is satisfied-

            (g). That the premises are reasonably and bona fide required by the
            landlord for occupation by himself or by any person for whose benefit
            the premises are held [or where the landlord is a trustee of public
E           charitable trust that the premises are required for occupation for the
            purposes of the trust;"

        A plain reading of Section 13(l)(g) shows that the landlord is entitled
  to recover possession of any premises if he satisfies the court, inter alia, that
F the premises are reasonably and bona fide required by him for occupation by
  himself or by any person for whose benefit the premises are held. It is not
  disputed before us that the requirement of the landlady to set up her son
  Bhikchand in business falls under clause {g). What is contended is that the
  landlady does not bona fide require the premises to set up Kirana business
  for Bhikchand and that ground is a mere ruse to seek recovery of possession
G of the premises.
          We have already noted above that the ground of bona fide requirement
    of the landlady was accepted by the trial court but it was negatived by the
    Appellate Court and the same was confirmed by the High Court. The Appellate
    Court was swayed away by the fact that the landlady herself did not come
H   into the witness box to support her claim. What is not appreciated by the
        RAMKUBAI v. H.D. CHANDAK [SYED SHAH MOHAMMEDQUADRI, J.]            465

Appellate Court is that her son Bhikchand who was also her G.P.A. holder           A
and for whose benefit the business is to be set up, did come into the witness
box to support the case of personal requirement. The Appellate Court was of
the view that the bona fide requirement is in the first place a state of mind
and might be something more and that could be established only by the
landlady. In all fairness to Mr. Mohta, we must note, that he conceded that
reasoning of the Appellate Court could not be supported.                           B
       The second reason given by the Appellate Court is that at the time of
filing of petition the son of the landlady was unemployed but later on he
started doing work as a contractor in construction field, so he did not really
want to run a Kirana shop in the suit premises. The Appellate Court was of C
the view that had he really intended to take up Kirana business he would not
have started a business like that of a contractor. The third reason given is
that the landlady was a partner, after the death of her husband, in the Kirana
business run by her husband's brother. It was also noted that another son
of the landlady is in possession of another shop and doing Kirana business
and thus the family is engaged in doing Kirana business in two shops and D
 if Bhikchand wanted to do Kirana business he could have joined existing
 business. From this the Appellate Court concluded that the landlady did not
 require the suit premises for establishing Bhikchand in Kirana business. The
 learned counsel for the respondents. strongly supported these reasons. It is
correct that Bhikchand was unemployed on the date of filing of the suit but E
he could not be expected to idle away the time by remaining unemployed till
the case is finally decided. It has already taken about 25 years. Therefore, we
do not think that taking up contractor work, in the meanwhile, will militate
against his carrying on the business of Kirana which is his family business,
which was carried on by his father and is being carried on by his brother
 independently. The facts that the landlady during her life time was a partner F
 in the firm carrying on Kirana business and her elder son is carrying on Kirana
business do not disentitle Bhikchand to establish his own business. We are
 not impressed by the other reasoning and conclusion of the Appellate Court
 which are confirmed by the High Court. In our view, none of the reasons leads
to the inference that Bhikchand did not intend to start family Kirana business, G
so relief cannot be denied to the landlady to recover the suit premises for
 personal requirement of Bhikchand to establish Kirana business independently.

       The only other aspect which is required to be noticed is requirement
of sub-section (2) of Section 13 of the Act. It enjoins the court not to pass
decree for eviction under clause (g) of sub-section (I) if, having regard to all   H
                                                                                        I
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    466                       SUPREME COURT REPORTS [1999) SUPP. l S.C.R.

A the circumstances of the case including the question whether other reasonable
    accommodation is available for the landlord or the tenant, it is satisfied that
    greater hardship would be caused by passing the decree than by refusing to
    pass it and if the court is satisfied that no hardship would be caused either
    to the tenant or to the landlord by passing the decree in respect of a part of
B   the premises, the Court has to pass the decree in respect of such part only.

           In this case, the Appellate Court recorded the finding that the landlady
    will suffer greater hardship than the tenants if decree is not passed in her
    favour. This finding has become final and thus the requirement of sub-section
    (2) is also satisfied.
c         In this connection, it is apt to notice that Section 17 of the Act provides
    for recovery of possession of the premises by the original tenant in the event
    of the landlord not occupying the premises or re-letting the premises to any
    other person than the original tenant. Further, it also provides penal action
    against the landlord who violates the provision of clause (g) of sub-section
D   (I) of Section 13. These provisions amply safeguard the interest and rights
    of tenants and prevent misuse of clause (g).

         We are satisfied that the present appellants have established bona fide
    requirement to recover the possession of the suit premises from the
    respondents.
E
           For all these reasons, we set aside the judgment and order of the High
    Court under appeal confinning the order of the Appellate Court and restore
    the order of the trial court in so far as it relates to the ground under Section
    13(1 )(g) of the Act. The appeal is, accordingly, allowed. There shall be no
    order as to costs.
F
    S.S.                                                           Appeal allowed.