Holding

The Court held that the officer died in mysterious circumstances attributable to and aggravated by his military service, making the petitioner entitled to Special Family Pension, Children Allowance, and compensation.

Summary

The petitioner, a widow of a Major in the Indian Army, sought Special Family Pension, Children Allowance and monetary compensation after her husband died in mysterious circumstances involving extensive burns. The authorities denied her claim, stating the death was not attributable to military service and refused to disclose the inquiry report, deeming it highly confidential. The Supreme Court examined whether the officer's death was attributable to or aggravated by his service, and whether the refusal to provide the inquiry report violated the petitioner's constitutional rights under Articles 21 and 32. The Court found the authorities' conduct negligent and that the death was indeed attributable to military service, warranting the pension, allowance, and compensation. Consequently, the Court ordered payment of the pension and allowance with interest, awarded Rs.6,00,000 as compensation, and directed a high‑level investigation by the Chief of Army Staff.

Issues considered

Whether the death of the army officer is attributable to or aggravated by his military service for purposes of Special Family Pension and Children Allowance.
Whether the refusal to disclose the inquiry report violates the petitioner's rights under Article 32 and Article 21 of the Constitution.
Whether the authorities' negligence and conduct entitle the petitioner to monetary compensation.
Whether the petition is maintainable under Article 32 of the Constitution.

Legislation cited

Constitution of Indias. Article 21, s. Article 32

Subjects

Special Family PensionChildren Allowancemilitary service deathcompensationArticle 32Article 21confidentialityinquiry reportnegligencearmy

Judgment

A SMT. CHARANJIT KAUR
v.
UNION OF INDIA AND ORS.

JANUARY 21, 1994

B [P.B. SAWANT AND N.P. SINGH, JJ.]

Constitution of India : Articles 21 and 32-Compensation-Death of
Anny Officer in mysterious circumstance~inding of enquiry that death not
attributable to military service, but report withheld from petitioner-wife as being >--
C highly confidential-Claim for Syc,cial Family Pension and Children Al-
lowance rejected by authorities as petitioner could not make out that death
was on account of or during, military service-Held, the officer tjied while in
service, in mysterious circumstances-His death attributable to, and ag-
gravated by, military service--l'etitioner, entitled to Special Family Pension
D and Children Allowance-Rs.6 lakhs to be paid as compensation-Casual
manner of preparing affidavit criticised-Investigation to be made at the
highest level-Chief of Anny Staff to look into the matter. ..,,,,,
The petitioner's husband, a Major in the Army died in mysterious
circumstances. The petitioner-wife was given a post- mortem report which
E attributed the death to extensive burns.

After over 7 years, and several letters, she was informed that the
enquiry held had found that the death of her husband was not attributable
to military service. Her claim for Special Family Pension and Children
Allowance was rejected in July 1985 with the intimation that she could
F appeal within 6 months if she was dissatisfied with the order. She was
refused a copy of the enquiry report as being a highly confidential docu-
ment. '

The petitioner-wife approached this Court claiming Special Family
G Pension and Children Allowance. She also claimed damages of Rs.7,50,000.
..
The authorities inter alia contended that they had not denied the
pension and allowance to the petitioner but that she had failed to file a
review with them. They also admitted that the Court of Inquiry could not /-·
conclusively prove whether the officer's death was one of murder or of
H suicide.
200
CHARANJITKAUR v. U.0.1. 201

Allowing the petition, this Court A
HELD : 1. The conduct of the authorities has, right from the incep-
tion, been utterly irresponsible. There is a good deal of substance in the
allegation that the death of the petitioner's husband was in mysterious
circumstances. Further, no enquiry whatsoever seems to have been made
and if made; its results were kept a secret. That such an incident should B
have occurred in the presence of the responsible Army officers and should
go uninvestigated and in fact completely ignored is all the more barning.
There is a good deal in this case for which the authorities have to answer.
This is apart from the fact that till this day, the case has been handled
with culpable negligence and cynical indifference. This is a matter which C
requires investigation at the highest level. The matter should be personally
looked into by the Chief of the Army Staff. [208-C-F]

2. In the facts of the case, the conclusion is inescapable that the
officer died while in service in mysterious circumstances and his death is D
attributable and aggravated by the military service. The responsibility of
his death is prima f acie traceable to the act of criminal omissions and
commissions on the part of the concerned authorties. (208-G]

3. The petitioner is entitled to the Special Family Pension and
Children Allowance, according to the relevant Rules, w.e.f. 23 June 1978, E
that is the date of the death of her husband with interest at 12% p.a.
(208-G]
Compensation quantified at Rs.6,00,000 is granted. [208-H]

4. The affidavit of the authorities has been prepared in the most F
casual manner as is apparent even from the kind of language and the
grammatical as well as factual mistakes which have been committed in it,
and is replete with unspecific and omnibus statements. (206-H, 207-A]

ORIGINAL JURISDICTION : Writ Petition (C) No. 45 of 1989.
G
(Under Article 32 of the Constitution of India)

M.C. Dhingra for the Petitioner.

V.V. Vaze, AS. Bhasme and Ms. A Subhashini for the Respondents. H
202 SUPREME COURT REPORTS (1994) 1 S.C.R.

A The Judgment of the Court was delivered by

SAWANT, J. 1. This case is a glaring example of gross negligence
and callousness on the part of the authorities and the consequent in-
describable mental torment and physical and financial hardship caused to
B the widow and two minor children of an Army officer. The apathy and the
extremely casual attitude adopted by the concerned officers travelled even
to the proceedings in this Court and are writ large on the affidavit-in- reply
which they have filed in response to the petition.

c 2. The petitioner's husband, Mukhbain Singh was commissioned as a
Lieutenant in the Indian Army on or about 13.10.1963 according to the
petitioner and on 1.6.1968 according to the respondent-authorities, and was
promoted to the rank of Major on 24.5.1978. On promotion, he was posted
at Kargil on 10.6.1978. According to the petitioner, he complained of chest
D pain on 12.6.1978 and was removed to Leh on 16.6.1978. The diagnosis
made was of Ischaemic heart disease. The petitioner who was married to
Mukhbain Singh in 1971 was living in Meerut at the relevant time with her
two children - a daughter born in 1972 and a son born in 1975. On receiving
information of the illness of her husband, she rushed with her children to
E Leh on 16.6.1978. After a great deal of persuasion, the petitioner and her
children were allowed to meet Mukhbain Singh who was then lying in a
make-shift hospital which was devoid of life saving treatment at the relevant
time. She found her husband in a precarious condition. He was unable to
move on his own. Both the petitioner and her husband requested the
authorities to air-lift him to Ambala or Srinagar Military Hospital for
F proper treatment. This request was turned down. Upon this the petitioner
and her husband_ requested the authorities to discharge him so that he
might move to Srinagar at his own risk. That request was also not acceded
to. On the other hand, he was threatened with Court Martial. After a great
deal of persuasion and pleading, on 19.6.1978 one Dr. Major Boffalo
G agreed to shift Mukhbain Singh from Leh to Ambala and told the
petitioner that her husband would be airlifted to Ambala on 21.6.1978. The
·petitioner and her husband pleaded with the authorities that she and her
children be allowed to accompany him but that request was also not
acceded to. She was asked to move with her children independently from
H Leh, and reach Ambala to receive her husband there.
CHARANJITKAUR v. U.0.1. [SAWANT,J.] 203

3. The petitioner was not satisfied with the assurance given by the A
authorities and insisted that she would stay on till her husband was actually
airlifted on 21.6.1978. On 21.6.1978, Mukhbain Singh was not airlifted. On
enquiry, it was. revealed that the Commanding Officel' had not passed the
necessary orders for his evacuation to Ambala Army Hospital. However,
the authoritie~i persuaded the petitioner to move to Ambala with an as- B
surance that !a.er husband would be airlifted to that place on 23.6.1978.
Hence, on 22.6.1978 the petitioner with her children reached Srinagar and
from there, rnached Udhampur on 23.6.1978. On that day at the Udhampur
check post, :she was informed that her husband was not "well" and she
should retur11 to Leh. The petitioner rushed back to Leh the next day, i.e., C
on 24.6.1978. There she was to receive a rude shock when she was shown
the burnt boidy of her husband. The authorities did not disclose to her the
circumstanoes under which her husband had received the burns. Later on,
she was only given a report of the postmortem examination conducted by
the Army Medical Authorities at Leh which attributed the death to "exten-
sive burns". D

4. Acc.ording to the authorities, after Mukhbain Singh complained of
chest pain at, Kargil he was evacuated to Leh on 16.6.1978. He was advised
transfer to Ambala on 22 Jan 1978. The transfer according to the
authorities, "was not an emergency one". It is also the case of the authorities E
that it is Mukhbain Singh who did not board the plane on 23.6.1978.
According to them, on that day he had gone to attend to some private
business in the· cook house and later his charred body was found with 98
per cent burns due to kerosene oil leading to irreversible shock. This was
at 0803 hours on that day.
F
5. According to the petitioner, her husband's death took place in
mysterious circumstances, particularly because when she saw her husband,
'he was unable to move around. It was, therefore, ununderstandable as to
how he could, on his own, move around to receive the said burns. He was
in fact brought to the air-base at Leh from the Army Hospital in the G
custody of the 'Army specialists according to the authorities, and was
supposed to be in their custody till he was to board the plane. Hence she
protested to the authorities at Leh, upon which she was told that the matter
would be investigated and it is only after the investigation that she would
be informed about the circumstances leading .to her husband's death. H
204 SUPREME COURT REPORTS (1994) 1 S.C.R.

A Thereafter, she wrote several letters to the authorities for communicating
to her the result of the enquiry; but only a few of the letters were answered
intimating her that she would be informed in the matter ~hen the report
would become available. After more than seven years, the finding of the
enquiry was that the death of her husband was not attributable to military
B .service. She applied for a copy of the enquiry repod so ~hat ' she could
challenge the same in appeal and claim Special Family1 Pension and
Children Allowance. The authorities, however, refused to gi;ve her a copy
of the report stating that it was a highly confidential document. \
I

6. The petitioner has, therefore, approached this Court under Article
>---
C 32 of the Constitution claiming both Special Family Pension ~d Children
Allowance as well as damages of Rs.7,50,000.
'1
7. According to the authorities, the case for granting Special Family
Pension to the petitioner was initiated on 14.7.1978 but due to incomplete
D documents, a final decision could be taken only in July 1985. The petitioner
was informed of the decision of the Government rejecting her\case for the
grant of the Special Family Pension vide letter dated 15th July, 1985 with
the intimation that she could appeal against the decision within a period
of six months in case she was dissatisfied with the same. According to the
authorities, the petitioner did not appeal and preferred to go fo the Court.
E I
8. The respondent-authorities have further stated that/ the reasons
which led to the death of Mukhbain Singh could not be disclosed to her,
the same being confidential in n~ture. It is not disputed that her success in
the appeal was dependent upon the case she had to make but, viz., that '
F her husband had died on account of or during military servicJ. For thi~· the
enquiry report was very much necessary. Instead, in paragra~h 8 of their
affidavit-in-reply, they have stated that "the special family pension an'd
children allowance has not been denied to the petitioner. She did not
appeal to the Government for a review of their decision in this regard".
The case made out in the said paragraph is, therefore, that since she had
G not appealed to the Government for a review of their decision, it should
be held that she had. not been denied the pension and the allowance. It
appears that the authorities do not recognise any limit to perversity in
reasoning. However, immediately in paragraph 9 thereafter, they contradict
themselves and state that "It is humbly submitted that all families of Army
H officers are not granted special family pension. Special family pension is
CHARANJITKAUR v. U.0.1.(SAWANT,J.) 205

granted only when death is considered attributable to or aggravated by him A
military service as defined under Govt. of India letter No.1(1)/81/Pen-C
dated 22 March 1983". The statement in paragraph 8 of the affidavit can,
therefore, only be termed as adding insult to the injury. It is then the case
of the respondent-authorities that they had set up a Court of Inquiry on
14.7.1978. The recommendations of the GOC- in-C were recorde~ on B
25.7.1978 with a suggestion that the case be handed over for investigation
by CBI to probe the "alleged/suspected murder" of the officer. The civil
investigation was carried out by the District Police, Leh in December 1984
at the behest of 1051 FD Wksp (GREF). They regretted their inability to
carry out the detailed investigation at that late stage, due to the following
re~ns: C
"(a) No factual evidence available in the ground.

(b) Witnesses are not available.

--~ (c) No ground study can be made out. D

--( d) Officers/staff services of your HQ at that time has either
proceeded in parts or relieved.

(e) At this stage, it is not possible to trace out any circumstantial E
evidence if any and thereby obtain the expert views. The
Government of India is not study (sic) bound to disclose its
fmdings specially if they are confidential in nature".

9. In reply to the averments of the petitioner in her petition that her
husband was not airlifted on 21.6.1978 because the Commanding Officer F
had not passed the necessary orders for his evacuation to ·Ambala military
hospital, till that day the respondent-authorities in paragraph 13 of their
affidavit state that "as the transfer was concurred by OC MH Ambala on
22 January 1978, the officer was sent to the airfield on 23 January 1978.
The transfer was not an emergency transfer but a routine one for detailed
investigations and further management at MH Ambala. It is submitted that G
the decision regarding opportune time for transfer of patient with refer-
ence to his medical condition is part of the medical management and is the
prerogative of the treating specialist. Some delay in evacuation resulted
from unwillingness of the officer. The officer was_ under care of a medical
specialist w.e.f. 16 January 1978 onwards". H
206 SUPREME COURT REPORTS (1994) 1 S.C.R.

A 10. It is then stated in paragraP.h 14 of their affidavit that "the transfer
of the officer to MH Ambala for detailed investigation and further manage-
ment was concurred in by officer commanding MH/Ambala on 22 January
1978 and the officer was sent to the airfield on 23 January 1978. The officer
did not board the plane. He had gone to attend some private business in the
cook house and later his chan-ed body was found with 98% bums in the
B serious as contended by the plaint. As such there was no cause for apprehen-
sion". In reply to the petitioner's grievance that she and her children were
not permitted to accompany her husband, it is stated that "travel of NOK
in the service aircraft evacuating a patient is not permitted under the Army
rules". According to the respondent-authorities, further, the final report
C from the Civil District Police was received in December 1984 and the
Ministry of Defence which is the competent authority in deciding at-
tributability aspect for grant of special Family Pension rejected the case on
the basis of inconclusive evidence to show whether the death was "suicide
murder". 'The petitioner was informed of the authorities' decision by their
D letter of 15 July 1985 to appeal against their decision. The respondent-
authorities have admitted that the petitioner had sought the Court of
Inquiry report vide her letter dated 1 February 1986 as also the medical
record which was refused by them by their letter of 24 June 1986 on the
ground that the documents were confidential. The respondent-authorities
have also admitted that the Court of Inquiry could not conclusively prove
E whether_ the officer's death was one of murder or of suicide. According to
them, every effort was made to· ascertain the facts, but final conclusion
could not be arrived at. In the end, the respondent-authorities claim that
in the circumstances, the writ petition be dismissed.

F 11. In the first instance, this affidavit-in-reply has been filed by one
Smt. Lina Mukherjee who is working as "DAAG/PS-4 in the office of the
Army Headquarters, Sena Bhavan" as has been stated in the affidavit. She
has stated that she is conversant with the facts of the case. It is not known
nor is it stated there, as to how she had become conversant with the facts
of the case so as to swear the affidavit. The fact that affidavit had been
G prepared for anybody to come and swear it is apparent firstly from the fact
that blanks were left in the typed affidaVit for the name and designation of
the deponent and they were later filled in in hand. Secondly, although the
deponent is a lady [We presume to be so from her name], paragraph 4 of
the affidavit begins with the words "the respondent humbly submits that he
H may be allowed to submit. .... .". The affidavit is also prepared in the most
~··

CHARANJITKAUR v. U.0.1. [SAWANT,J.] 207

casual manner as is apparent even from the kind of language and the A
grammatical as well as factual mistakes which have been committed in it.
Although the petitioner has specifically stated in the petition that her
husband became unwell on 12.6.1978, all that the deponent has stated in
the affidavit in reply is that Major Mukhbain Singh went on temporary duty
to Kargil on 10 June 1978; he complained of chest pain and was evacuated
to Leh on 16 June 1978. No date on which he complained of chest pain is
B
mentioned, and the statement of the petitioner that her husband fell ill on
12 June 1978, is not controverted. If the illness was of chest pain and it was
suffered on 12 June 1978, it is not known why he was moved to the hospital
at Leh only on 16 June 1978. There is further no denial of the petitioner's
averment in the petition that on hearing of the illness of her husband, she c
had rushed with her children from Meerut to Leh on 16 June 1978 and it
was only after great deal of persuasion that she and her children were
allowed to meet her husband. There is also no denial of the petitioner's
averment that the hospital was a make-shift one devoid of life saving
treatment. There is also no denial of the following averments, viz., that (a) D
the officer was in a precarious condition and unable to move on his own;
(b) both the petitioner and her husband had requested the authorities to
airlift him to Ambala or Srinagar Military Hospital for proper treatment
which request was declined; (c) thereafter the petitioner and her husband
had requested the authorities to discharge him so that he might move to
Srinagar at his own risk which request was also declined; (d) in fact the E
officer was threatened with Court Martial; (e) it was only after a great deal
of persuasion and pleading that Dr. Major Boffalo on 19 June 1978 agreed
for shifting him from Leh to Ambala and the petitioner was told that her
husband would be airlifted on 21 June 1978; (t) the officer was not airlifted
on 21 June 1978 because till that day the Commanding Officer had not F
passed order for his evacuation to Ambala; (g) the petitioner was assured
that the officer would be airlifted on 23 June 1978 and it was only at
Udhampur on 23 June 1978 that she was asked to return to Leh as her
husband was not well; (h) the authorities did not disclose to her any reason
as to how and why the body of her husband was partially burnt when she
- {I
reached Leh on 24 June 1978. An omnibus statement in the affidavit-in- G
reply like "any submission made herein inconsistent with the facts of the
case and not specifically admitted is hereby denied" only rubs salt into the
wound.

12. The manner in which the authorities have dealt with the episode H
208 SUPREME COURT REPORTS (1994] 1 S.C.R.

A of the alleged burning is all the more reprehensible. All that is stated in
the affidavit-in-reply is that when the officer was sent to the airfield on 23
January 1978, "the officer did not board the plane. He had gone to attend
some private business in the cook house and later his charred body was
found with 98% in the serious as contended by the plaint (sic). As such
there was no cause for apprehension".
B
13. We are pained at the utterly irresponsible conduct of the
authorities in the present case right from the inception. We see a good deal
of substance in the allegation of the petitioner that her husband met with
his death in mysterious circumstances. It is surprising that when the officer
C was not in a condition to move on account of his ailment, and when on
16.6.1978 his condition was considered so delicate that even his wife and
children were permitted to see him only after a great deal of persuasion,
and when he was all the while accompanied by the specialist doctor, he
was allowed to move on his own and go for his private business to the cook
D house, if the version of the respondent-authorities is to be believed. It is
also difficult to believe that when he was being airlifted at his own request,
he had refused to board the plane and instead had left for his said alleged
private business. All that thereafter was found was his charred body with
98% burns. No enquiry whatsoever seems to have been made and if made,
its results are kept a secret. That such an incident should have occurred in
E the presence of the responsible Army officers and should go uninvestigated
and in fact completely ignored is all the more baffling. There is a good deal
in this case for wh:ich the authorities have to answer. This is apart from the
fact that till this day, the case has been handled with culpable negligence
and cynical indifference. This is a matter which requires investigation at
F the highest level. We, therefore, desire that this matter be personally
looked into by the Chief of the Army Staff.

14. In the aforesaid facts, the conclusion is, therefore, inescapable
that the officer died while. in service in mysterious circumstances and his
death is attributable to and aggravated by the military service. The respon- "
G sil:ility of his death is prim a f acie traceable to the act of criminal omissions
and commissions on the part of the concerned authorities. The petitioner
is, therefore, entitled to suitable compensation as well as to the Special
Family Pension and the Children Allowance according to the relevant
Rules. w.e.f. 23.6.1978, i.e., the date of the death of her husband. We award
H her compensation in the amount of Rs.6,00,000 (Rupees six lakhs) and
CHARANJITKAUR v. U.0.1. [SAWANT,J.) 209

direct that the said amount be paid to her within six weeks from today. We A
further direct that the arrears of the Special Family Pension and the
Children Allowance be paid to her within eight weeks from today with
interest at 12% per annum. Rule issued is made absolute accordingly. The
1st respondent will pay the costs of the writ petition which are fixed at
Rs.6,000.

- U.R. Petition allowed.

.-