SMT. BIMLA RANIversusUNION OF INDIA AND OTHERS

                     SMT. BIMLA RANI                                           A
                            v.
                UNION OF INDIA AND OTHERS

                        SEPTEMBER 25, 1989

      [MURARI MOHON DUTT AND K.N. SAIKIA, JJ.]                                 B

       National Security Act, 1980: Section. 3-Detention-Detenu in
jail in a case registered under Section 307 1.P.C.-Detention Order-
Based on solitary incident, but gave rise to communal tension and
apprehension of communal riot-Whether valid and legal.

      A detention order under sub-section (2) read witb sub-section (3)
                                                                               c
of Section 3 of the National Security Act, 1980 was passed against th!'
detenu on the ground that the detenu, who was in jail in a case
registerd under Section 307 IPC was trying for release on bail, and
tber¢ was every possibility of bis being released, and that be was likely
to indulge in activities prejudicial to public order and public life. The      D
order was confirmed by the State Government on the report of the
Advisory Board.

      In a Writ Petition filed in this Court it was contended that as the
grounds of detention did not disclose any past history of any crime by
the detenu, nor was there any material on record to show that the              E·
incident referred to in the grounds would be repeated in future, the
detention order based on a solitary incident and on an apprehension
that the detenu was likely to act prejudicially to the interest of public
order, in the event of bis being released on bail, was illegal.

      Dismissing the Writ Petition, the Court,                                 F

       HELD: When an incident was such that it created communal
tension and the authorities were apprehensive of the breaking of a
communal riot, such incident in itself may be sufficient, and may afford
justification for the satisfaction of the detaining authority for the deten-
tion of the detenu in order to prevent him from indulging in such              G
activity prejudicial to public order even though there is no antecedent
act of similar nature or past history of commission of crime by the
detenu. [246C-D]

      fn the instant case, the situation tbat emerged as a result of the
incident was grave and serious and. prejudicially affected public order.       11
                                    241
     242         SUPREME COURT REPORTS               (1989] Supp. 1 S.C.R.

     It may be a solitary incident but it gave rise to commnnal tension and
A    there was apprehension of a commnnal riot. The police report on the
     incident is a sufficient material for the subjective satisfaction of the
     detaining anthority that there was distnrbance of tranquality and
     harmony of pnblic life. The detaining authority had taken into con·
     sideration all the circumstances including the grave and serious situa·
B    tion that emerged as a result of the incident. There were cogent
     reasons apparent on the face of the record for justifying the order of
     detention. [245H; 246A-B]                                              ·

          Alijan Mian v. District Magistrate, Dhanbad, [1983] 3 SCR 939
     and Ayya v. State of U.P. and another, (1989] l SCC 374, relied on.
c          Ramesh Yadav v. District Magistrate, Etah, (1985] 4 SCC 232 and
     Smt. Shashi Aggarwal v. State of U.P. and others, (1988] l SCC 436,
     referred to.

          ORIGINAL JURISDICTION: Writ Petition (Criminal} No. 296
D    of1989.

           (Under Article 32 of the Constitution of India}.

           U.R. Lalit, Mrs. Rani Chhabra and Ms. Meera Chhiba for the
     Petitioner.
E·
          B. Dutta, Additional Solicitor General, Yogeshwar Pd., Ms. Socha·
     rita, Ms. A SubhasMni, Dalveer Bhandari, Ms. Rachna Joshi and
     Rachna.Gupta for the Respondents.

           The Judgment of the Court was delivered by
F
           DUTT, J. In this writ petition under Article 32 of the Constitu-
     tion of India, the mother of the detenu, Shri Praveen Kumar Gupta,
     has prayed for the quashing of the detention order of her son dated
     May 6, 1989 passed under sub-section (2) read with sub-section (3) of
     section 3 of the National Security Act, 1980, as confirmed by the order
G    dated May 11, 1989 of the State of U .P. on the report of the Advisory
     Board. There is also a prayer for issuance of an appropriate writ in the
     nature of habeas corpus directing the respondents to release the said
     Praveen Kumar Gupta forthwith.

        The grounds of detention, as communicated to the detenu by the
B District Magistrate, Meerut, are as follows:                                  .'
                      SMT. BIMLA RANI v. U.0.1. [DUTT, J.]                  243

                 "That on 30.4.89 at about 9.15 P.M. at Delhi Road,
                 Kesarganj, P .S. Delhi Gate, Meerut, you along with your          A
                 other accomplice with the common intention tn kill Babli
                 showing your wrath gave him a gun injury and also
                 threatened to give gun shot to those persons who came in
                 his rescue. On the basis of information given by Mohd.
                 Bhura a Crime Case No. 121 was registered against you u/s         B
                 307 IPC in P .S. Delhi Gate, Meerut, which is pending. By
                 your above misdeed fear and terror was spread in the
                 hearts of public in the markets, Mela Manchandi and in the
                 city of Meerut. Thus you have committed an act which is
                 prejudicial to the maintenance of public order.

                       You are at present in jail and are trying to be released    c
                 on bail and there is every possibility of releasing you on
                 bail.

                        On the basis of above grounds and reasons I am
                 satisfied that you are likely to indulge in the activities pre-   o
                 judicial to the public order and public life and with a view
                 to prevent you from acting in any manner prejudicial to the
                 public order and public life, it has become necessary to
.,_              detain you."

           It is apparent from .the grounds of detention that a crime case         E
      was registered agains't him under section 307 IPC a!ld he was arrested
      and detained in jail.

          Along with the grounds of detention, a copy ofthe report of the
      Inspector-in-Charge, P.S. Delhi Gate, Meerut, was also supplied to
      the detenu in· jail. The relevant portion of the report is ·extracted        F
      below:

                 "On 30.4.89 at busy road (Delhi Road) at about 21.15 P.M.
                 he without any reasons gave a gun shot to one Babli S/o Sh.
                 Bhura Rio Mahalia Purwa Hamidnagar who had come for
                 reading Namaz, as a result of which he was seriously              G
                 injured. At present he is in serious condition in the hospi-
                 tal. This site is the most sensitive area of the city for com-
                 munal point of view. ·On receiving the information of the
                 gun injury to Babli by the Muslim community on the pious
                 occasion of Ramzan there spread great excitement.
                 Thousands of people from community gathered. There was            H
    244        SUPREME COURT REPORTS               [1989] Supp. 1 S.C.R.

               an apprehension of communal threat in the city and area.
               People closed their shops feeling threat of communal riots
               and the road became quiet due to fear and terror. Above
               all, on receiving the news of this incident the people of
               famous Manchandi Mela started running to their houses.
               This news of fear and terror created due to this incident
B              was also published in the newspaper Amar Ujala on 1.5.89.
               Sh. Bhura S/o Dilsad R/o 29, Purwa Hamid Hussain got
               lodged one report in the Police Station Delhi Gate and a
               Crime Case No. 121of89 under section 307 IPC is pending
               consideration. Sh. Praveen Kumar is in jail for commission
               of this offence.
c                    Praveen Kumar has given application for bail in the
               above matter and there is every possibility of his release on
               bail. He is a man of strong means. After release on bail he
               would again commit such serious act which would be pre-
               judicial to communal harmony and cause adverse reaction
D              in general public especially in Muslim community.

                     Therefore the detention under National Security Act
               is recommended to above Praveen."

        At this stage, it may be mentioned that the detenu has since been
E granted bail, but in view of the order of detention, he is not released.
  Mr. Lalit, leame.d Counsel appering on behalf of the petitioner, has
  strongly urged that as the grounds of detention does not disclose any
  past history of commission of any crime by the detenu and the incident
  that has been referred to in the grounds being th~ s_olitary-incideni and
  there having been no materials on record to show that such an incident
F would be repeated in future, the order of detention is illegal and
  should be quashed. Counsel submits that the only ground on which the-
  detaining authority had placed.reliance for making the order of deten-
  tion was that there was a chance of the detenu being released on bail
  by the criminal court and, in that event, it was apprehended that he
  would act prejudicially to the interest of public order. It is submitted
G that such apprehension is not supported by any material on record
  and, accordingly, the detention order should be quashed.                     \




                                                                               -
        In support of the above contention, learned Counsel has placed
  much reliance upon a decision of this Court in Smt. Shashi Aggarwal v.
  State of U.P. and others, [1988] 1 SCC 436. In that case, this Court
H observed as follows:
                 SMT. BIMLA RANI v. U.0.1. [DUTT, J.]                 245

            "Every citizen in. this country has the right to have recourse
                                                                             A
            to law. He has the right to move the court for bail when he
            is arrested under the ordinary law of the land. If the State
            thinks that he does not deserve bail the State could oppose
            the grant of bail. He cannot, however, be interdicted from
            moving the court for bail by clamping an order bf deten-
            tion. The possibility of the court granting bail may not be      B
            sufficient. Nor a bald statement that the person would
            repeat his criminal activities would be enough. There must
            also be credible information or cogent reasons apparent on
            the record that the detenu, if enlarge<! on bail, would -act
            prejudicially to the interest of public order."

      In laying down the above proposition of law, this Court has
                                                                             c
placed reliance upon its two earlier decisions' in A/ijan Mian v. District
Magistrate, Dhanbaii, [1983J 3 SCR 939 and in Ramesh Yadav v.
District Magistrate, Etah, [1985] 4 SCC 232.

      It is true that the incident on April 13, 1989 was a solitary one so   D
far as the detenu was concerned, but the question is whether the inci-
dent had prejudicially affected (he public order. In other words,
whether it had affected the even tempo of life of the community. As
observed in Alijan Mian's case (supra), it is for the detaining authority
to have the subjective satisfaction about the apprehension of the
breach of the public order and that even one incident may be sufficient      E
to satisfy the detaining authority in that regard depending upon the
nature of the incident. It is not disputed by Mr. Lalit that a single
incident may disturb the tranquillity and the even tempo of life of the
commumty.

       In the grounds of detention, it has been stated "By your above        F
misdeed, fear and terror was spread in the hearts of public in the
markets, Mela Manchandi and in the city of Meerut. Thus you have
committed an act which is prejudicial to the maintenance of public
order." This is not a mere bald statementof the detaining authori!y
without any material in support of the same. We have already extr~~ted
above the report ofthe lnspector-ui-Charge, P.S. Delhi Gate, Meerut,         G
which has been taken into account by the detaining authority at the
time he passed the order of detention. It has been already noticed that a
copy of the said report was served on the detenu along witn the
grounds of detentio.n. A situation that emerged as a result of the ini:i-
dent, as stated in the said report, was grave and setious and prejudi-
cially affected public order. It may be a solitary incident, but it gave     H
      246         SUPREME COURT REPORTS                [19891 Supp. I S.C.R.

A     rise to communal tension and there was apprehension of a communal
      riot as alleged in the report. The report, in our opinion, is·a sufficient
      material for the subject(ve satisfaction of the detaining authority that
      there was disturbance of ~ranquility and harmony of pubhc life.

          It is not correct to say that there is no material for the apprehen-
B
    sion that if released on bail, the detenu will indulge in such criminal
    acts affecting public order. Really; the detaining authority had taken
   'into consideration all the circumstances including the, grave and
  . serious situation that emerged as a result of the incident. In our
    opinion, when an incident was such that it created communal tension
    and the authorities were apprehensive of the breaking of a communal
a   riot, such incident in itself may be sufficient and may afford justifica-
    tion for the satisfaction of the detaining authority for the detention of
    the detenu in order. to prevent him from indulging in such activity
    prejudicial to public order even though, as submitted by the learned
    Counsel, there is no antecedent acts of similar nature or past history of
D commission of crime by the detenu. In this connection, we may refer to
    a recent decision of this Court in Ayya v. State of U.P. and Another,
    [1989] 1SCC374. In that case, this Court observed as follows:

                  "Even a single instance of activity tending to harm "public
                  order" might, in the circumstances- of its commission,
                  reasonably supply justification for the satisfaction as to a
It.               legislative apprehension of a future repetition of similar
                  activity 'to .the detriment of "public order"."

           The above olisei;vation fully supports the view we have taken. In       ~
      our opinion, there '\v~(e cogent reasons apparent on the face of the         ,.
IF    record justifying the order of detention.

             In the circumstances, we are of the view that the detention of the
      petitioner was justified. The rule nisi is discharged and the writ peti-
      tion is dismissed.

<lJ N.P.V.                                                  Petition dismissed.