SHAJL K. JOSEPHversusV. VLSWANATH & ORS.

                        [2016] 2 S.C.R. 65



                        SHAJl K. JOSEPH                               A
                                v.
                     V. VlSWANATH & ORS.
                   (Civil Appeal No.1629of2016)
                       FEBRUARY)2, 2016                               B

     [ANIL R. DAVE AND ADARSH KUMAR GOEL, JJ.]
       Dentists Act, 1948 ~ s.5 r!w. Regulation 20 of Dental Council
(Election) Regulations, 1952 - Election of member of Dental Council
of India - Judicial interference with the process of election - C
Permissibility - Held: Judicial interference is not permissible once
the process of election starts - The disputes with regard to election
should be dealt with by the courts only after completion of the
election - In the present case, High Court was not right in interfering
with the process of election because the process of election had
started and also because alternative statutory remedy was available D
u!s.5 of the Act rlw. Regulation 20.
      Allowing the appeal, the Court
        HELD: The High Court was not right in interfering with
  the process of election especially when the process of election
  had started and more particularly when an alternative statutory     E
  remedy was available to Respondent No.I by way of referring
  the dispute to the Central Government as per the provisions of
  Section 5 of the Dentists Act, 1948 read with Regulation 20 of
~ the Dental Council (Election) Regulations, 1952. Whenever the
  process of election starts, normally courts should not interfere    F
  with the process of election for the simple reason that if the
  process of election is interfered with by the courts, possibly no
  election would be completed without court's order. All the
  disputes with regard to election should be dealt with only after
  completion of the election. [Para 14] [69-G-H; 70-B, DJ
                                                                      G
       N.P. Ponnuswami v. The Returning Officer, Namakkal
       Constituency, Almanack, Salem Dist. and others AIR
       1952 SC 64 : 1952 SCR 218; Nanhoo Mal and others
       v. Hira Mal and others 1976 (1) SCR 809 : 1976 (3)
       SCC 211; Shri Sant Sadguru Janardan Swami (Moingiri
                                                                      H
                              . 65
66             SUPREME COURT REPORTS                        [2016] 2 S.C.R.


A          Maharaj) Sahakari Dugdha Utpadak Sanstha and
           another v. State of Maharashtra and others 2001 (3)
           Suppl. SCR 333: 2001 (8) SCC 509 - relied on.
           2. It would be open to Respondent No.1 to approach the
     Central Government for referring the dispute, if he thinks it
B    proper to do so. No issue with regard to limitation will be raised
     if Respondent no.1 initiates an action under Section 5 of the Act
     within four weeks from the date of the present judgment. [Para
     16] [70-F-G)
                             Case Law Reference
c    1952 SCR 218                     relied on.                   Para 7
     1976 (1) SCR 809                 relied on.                   Para 7
     2001 (3) Suppl. SCR 333          n'lied on.                   Para7
          CIVIL APPELLATE JL'RISDICTION: Civil Appeal No. 1629
     of2016
D
           From the Judgment and Order dated 18.07.2011 of the High Court
     of Kerala in Writ Appeal No. 806of2011
          K. Radhakrishnan, Sr. Adv., Ms. Kiran Bhardwaj, Dhananjaya
     Sud,Advs. with him for the Appellant.
E          Vinodh Kanna B., Purushottam Shanna, Jogy Scaria, Ms. Beena
     Victor, Gaurav Sharma, Anil Soni, Prateek Bhatia, Advs. for the
     Respondents .
          . The Judgment of the Court was delivered by
           ANIL R. DAVE, J. I. Leave granted.
F
           2. Heard the learned counsel for the parties.
           3. The issue involved in this appeal is with regard to election ofa
    member to the D~ntal Council oflndia under Section 3 (a) of the Dentists
    Act, 1948 [hereinafter referred to as 'the Act'] and Dental Council
G (Election) Regulations, 1952 [hereinafter referred to as 'the
    Regulations']. Respondent no. I herein wanted to contest the election,
    but as his name was not in the electoral roll in Part A of the register of
    dentists for the State, his nomination form had not been accepte~ by the
    Returning Officer, Respondent no.3 herein. In these circumstances,
    Respondent no. I preferred Writ Petition (C) No.4075 of 2011 before
H · the High Court of Kerala at Emakularn challenging the validity of rejection
   SHAJI K. JOSEPH v. V. VJSWANATH [ANIL R. DAVE, J.]                           67



 of his nomination paper. The Learned Singe Judge of the High Court             A
 vide judgment dated 23'' May, 201 I allowed Respondent no.l's Writ
 Petition by setting aside the order passed by the Returning Officer,
 rejecting nomination in respect of candidature of Re'spondent no. l and
·directed the Returning Officer to conduct the e.lection afresh after
 including name. of Respondent no. l and to declare the result on the.basis
                                                                                B
 of such election to be conducted afresh from the stage after submission
 of the nominations.
        4. Being aggrieved by the aforestated judgment delivered in the
 writ petition, the present appellant preferred Writ Appeal No.806of2011
 assailing the valiC!ity and correctness of the said judgment rendered by
 the Learned Single J~dge of the High Court. The Divi~ion Bench of the          c
 High Court dismisse~ Writ Appeal by its judgment dated J S•h July,
 2011 and therefore, the appellant has approached this Court by way of
 this appeal.
          5. The learned counsel appearing for the appellant submitted that
 on 3'' May, 2010, the Returning Officer had published preliminary              D
 electoral roll as specified in Regulation 3(1) of the Regulations and the
 bst date for preferring claims and objections relating to the entries or
 omissions in the preliminary electoral rolls was 30'h July, 20 I 0. However,
 the said last date was extended up to 3 I• August 20 I 0. Ultimately, the
 Final Electoral Roll was published in the Extra-ordinary Gazette no.JS         E
 on I O•h January, 2011. The election programme was notified in the
 Gazette on 27'h Jmmary,.2011, whereby it was notified that the last date
 for receiving nomination papers was 7'h February, 2011 and the scrutiny
 of the.nomination papers was to take pl.ace on 9•h February, 2011. The
 schedule prescribed the last date for wiihdrawal of the nomination as
  l 6'h February, 2011 and the election was to take place on 18~ March,         F
 2011. Counting was to take place on l 9'h March, 2011. The aforestated
 facts are not in dispute.
        6. Jhe learned counsel further submitted that after the process of
 election had started by publication of the election programme on 27'h
 January, 2011, the High Court should 1iot have entertainedthe petition G
 filed by Respondent no. I, especially when he was not even an elector/
 voter and that nomination of Respondent no,J_was rightly rejected by
 the Returning Officer because his name was not in the electoral roll.
       7. In the circumstances, the learned counsel submitted that the
 appeal should be allowed especially in view of the law laid down by this       H
68              SUPREME COURT REPORTS                         (2016] 2 S.C.R.


A    Court in the case of N.P. Ponnuswami v. The Returning Officer,
     Namakkal Constituency, Namakkal. Salem Dist. and others, AIR
     1952 SC 64, Nanhoo Mal and others v. Hira Mal and others 1976
     (3) SCC 211 and Shri Sant Sadguru Janardan Swami (Moingiri
     Maharaj) Sahakari Dugdha Utpadak Sanstha and another v. State
     of Maharashtra and others 2001 (8) SCC 509. He submitted that the
B
     afore stated judgments of th is Court have laid down the law to the effect
     that once the process of election starts, no court should interfere with
     the election process. He further added that in view of the fact that
     Section 5 of the Act read with Regulation 20 of the Regulations,
     specifically provides that whenever any dispute arises in the course of
c    election, it should be referred to the Central Government, whose decision
     shall be final. Section 5 of the Act read with Regulation 20 of the
     Regulations thereunder reads thus; ..
           "Section 5. Mode of elections: - Elections under this Chapter
           shall be conducted in the prescribed mannerand where any dispute
D          arises regarding any such election, it shall be referred to the Central
           Government whose·decision shall be final.
           Regulation 20. Procedure for setting aside election.-
           ( 1) Before setting aside an election under Section 5, the Central
           Government shall give an opportunity to all the parties concerned
E          to show cause why the election should not be set aside.
           (2) A decision under Section 5 may be given on the inquiry and
           report of any person appointed by the Central Government in that
           behalf."
            8. In view of the aforestated provisions of the Act and the
F
     Regulations, the High Court should not-have interfered with the process
     of the election as it was open to Respondent no.1 to raise the election
     dispute before the Central Government after completion of the election.
     The learned counsel, therefore, submitted that the impugned judgment·
     should be set aside.
G
            9. On the other hand, the learned counsel for Respondent no. I
     submitted that Respondent no. I was competent to contest the election
     though his name was not registered in Part A of the State register.
     Respondent no.1 was to be elected by the Dentists whose names were
     registered as Dentists in Part A of the State register and for the purpose
H    of contesting the election, it was not necessary that his name should be
    SHAJI K. JOSEPH          v. V. VISWANATH [ANIL R. DAVE, J.]                  69



 in Part A of the State register. To contest the election one must be a          A
 registered Dentist possessing a recognised dental qualification and in
 fact Respondent no.1 was having qualification of a Dentist and he was
 registered as a Dentist. In these circumstances, according to the learned
 counsel appearing for Respondent no.1, non-inclusion of name of
 Respondent no. I in Part A of the State register was not relevant.
                                                                                 B
        I 0. He referred to the provisions of Section 3 of the Act, relevant
 portion whereof reads as under:
        "Section 3. Constitution and composition of Council.- The
      · Central Government shall, as soon as may be, constitute a Council
        consisting of the following members, namely:-                            c
        (a) One registered dentist possessing a recognized dental
        qualification elected by the dentists registered in Part A of each
        (State) register;
        (b) ................................................................"
                                                                                 D
         I!. According to him, a registered Dentist possessing recognised
 Dental qualification can contest election and as Respondent no.1 is a
 re:;1stered Dentist, he was competent to contest election.even though he
 was not registered in Part A of the State register. Thus, according to
 him, to become a member of Dental Council oflndia one need not be in
 the electoral roll orneed not be registered in Part A ofregister of dentists    E
 for the State.
        12. According to the learned counsel, the High Court had rightly
 intervened by setting aside the order passed by the Returning Officer of
 rejecting nomination paper of Respondent no. I and therefore, the appeal
 deserved to be dismissed.                                                       F
        13: We hav~ heard the learned counsel for the parties at length
 and have considered the provisions of the Act and the judgments referred
 to hereinabove.
         14. In our ()pinion, the High Court was not right i~ interfering with
 .the process of election espeCially when the process of election had started    G
  upon publication of the election program on 27"' January, 2011 and more
  particularly when an alternative statutory remedy was available to
·Respondent no. I by way of referring the dispute to the Central
  G.overnment as per the provisions of Section 5 of the Act read with
· Regulation 20 of the ReglI1a~ons. So far as the issue with regard to           H
70              SUPREME COURT REPORTS                          [2016] 2 S.C.R.



A    eligibility of Respondent no. I for contesting the election is concerned,
     though prima facie it appears that Respondent no. I could contest the
     election, we do not propose to go into the said issue because, in our
     opinion, as per the settled law, the High Court should not have interfered
     with the election after the process of election had commenced. The
     judgments referred to hereinabove clearly show the settled position of
B
     law to the effect that whenever the process of election starts, normally
     courts should not interfere with the process of election for the simple
     reason that if the process of election is interfered with by the courts,
     possibly no election would be completed without court's order. Very
     often, for frivolous reasons candidates or others approach the courts
c    and by virtue of interim orders passed by courts, the election is delayed
     or cancelled and in such a case the basic purpose of having election and
     getting an elected body to run the administration is frustrated. For the
     aforestated reasons, this Court has take1.1 a view that all disputes with
     regard to election should be dealt with only after completion ofthe election.

D           IS. This Court, in Ponnuswami v. Returninl! Officer (supra)
     has held that once the election process starts, it would not be proper for
     the courts to interfere with the election process. Similar view was taken
     by this Court in Shri Sant Sad guru Jana rd an· Swami (Moingiri
     Maharai> Sahakari Dugdha Utpadak Sanstha v. State of
     Maharashtra (supra).
E
            16. Thus, in view of the aforestaled settled legal position, the High
     Court should not have interfered with the process of election. We,
     therefore, set aside the impugned judgment and direct that the result of
     the election should be published. We are sure that due to interim relief.
     granted by this Gourt, Respondent no. I must not have been permitted to
F    contest the election. It would be open to Respondent no. I to .approach
     the Central Government for referring the dispute, ifhe thinks it.proper to
     do so. No issue with regard to limitation will be raised if Respondent
     no.I initiates an action under Section S ofthe:Act within four weeks
     from today.
G          17. For the aforestated reasons, we allow the appeal with no
     orders as to costs.
     Kalpana K. Tripathy                                           Appeal allowed.