SANJEET KUMARversusSTATE OF BIHAR & ANR.

                        (2009] 6 S.C.R. 1208


A                        SANJEET KUMAR
                                 v.
                     STATE OF BIHAR & ANR.
                 (Criminal Appeal No. 852 of 2009)
                           APRIL 27, 2009
B
           [DR. ARIJIT PASAYAT AND ASOK KUMAR
                        GANGULY, JJ.)

        Code of Criminal Procedure, 1973 - s.482 - Quashing
C of criminal proceedings - Inherent power of High Court under
  s.482 - Scope of - Police case by respondent no.2 -
   Thereafter appellant filed complaint case - Application moved
  by respondent no.2 for discharge u/s.245 rejected-· Petition
  u/s.482 alleging counter-blast on part of appellant - Allowed
D by High Court - On appeal, held: High Court came to an
  abrupt conclusion that since the complaint case was filed
  after filing of police case by respondent no.2, it was filed with
  ulterior and oblique motive - That is not the way to deal with
  an application under s.482 - Matter remitted to High Court
E for consideration afresh keeping in view the parameters of
  s.482.

       Respondent no.2 filed a police case. One week later,
  the appellant filed a complaint case. Respondent no.2
  moved application for discharge uls.245 CrPC which was
F rejected by the Magistrate.

       Respondent no.2 filed petition uls.482 CrPC taking
  the stand that the complaint of appellant was filed as a
  counter-blast. The High Court allowed the petition
G holding that since the complaint case was filed after filing
  of the police case by respondent no.2, it was filed with
  ulterior and oblique motive.

        The order passed by the High Court is challenged in
H                               1208
. ;.




          SANJEET KUMAR v. STATE OF BIHAR & ANR.            1209


       the present appeal on the ground that thereby the High        A
       Court considered the possible defence of respondent
       no.2 which was beyond the scope of consideration under
       s.482 CrPC.

           Allowing the appeal, the Court
                                                                     B
            HELD: The High Court referred to the respective
       stand of the parties and came to an abrupt conclusion
       that since the complaint case was filed after filing of the
       police case by respondent no.2, it was filed with ulterior
       and oblique motive. That certainly is not the way to deal     C
       with an application under s.482 CrPC. In the
       circumstances, the impugned order of the High Court is
       set aside and the matter is remitted for fresh
       consideration in accordance with law keeping in view the
       parameters of s.482 of Cr.PC. [Paras 6 and 9) [1210-G;        D
       1212-F-G]
           State of Haryana and Ors. v. Bhajan Lal and Ors. (1992

-      Supp.(1) sec 335), relied on.
                           Case Law Reference:                       E
           1992 Supp.(1) SCC 335 relied on               Para 7
           CRIMINAL APPELLATE JURISDICTION: Criminal Appeal
       No. 852 of 2009
           From the Judgment & Order dated 0.5.2007 of the High      F
       Court of Judicature at Patna in Cr. Misc. No. 4619 of 2004.
           N. Rai, Shantanu Sagar, Shamsher Singh, Avinash
       Sharma and T. Mahipal for the Appellant.
           Gopal Singh, Manish Kumar and Pranab Prakash for the      G
       Respondent.
           The Judgment of the Court was delivered by
           DR. ARIJIT PASAYAT, J. 1. Leave granted.
                                                                     H
    1210        SUPREME COURT REPORTS [20091 6 S.C.R.


A        2. Challenge in this appeal is to the order passed by a
   learned Single Judge of the Patna High Court allowing the
   petition filed in terms of Section 482 of the Code of Criminal
   Procedure, 1973 (in short 'Code'). The petition was filed by the
   respondent no.2. In the petition challenge was to the order
B dated 22.9.2003 passed by the Chief Judicial Magistrate,
   Chapra in Trial No.286 of 2003. The petition filed by the present
   respondent no.2 for discharge under Section 245 of the Code
   was rejected. The stand of the applicant before the High Court
  was that as a counter blast to certain incidents, the petition had
c been filed belatedly. The present appellant opposed the petition
  taking the stand that ultimately it was a question of defence and
   could not -have been agitated in an application under Section
  482 of the Code.
         3. The High Court noted that on the basis of the complaint
D lodged by the present respondent no.2 charge sheet had been
  filed. According to him, the original occurrence took place on
  5.5.2000 and the complaint was filed after a week as a counter
  blast. The High Court by practically a non-reasoned order has
  allowed the application filed in terms of Section 482 of the
E Code. It is the stand of learned counsel for the appellant that
  ultimately what the High Court has done is to consider the
                                                                           -
  possible defence which is beyond the scope of consideration
  under Section 482 of the Code.
        4. There is no appearance on behalf of respondent no.2
F despite    service of notice.
        5. Learned counsel for the State submitted that the State
  has a very limited role to play in a complaint case.
        6. We find that the High Court has only referred to the
  respective stand of the parties and has come to an abrupt
G conclusion that since the complaint case was filed after filing      "
  of the police case by the present respondent no.2, it was filed
  with ulterior and oblique motive. That certainly is not the way to
  deal with an application under Section 482 of the Code.
        7. The parameters where exercise of inhere34nt power
H under Section 482 of the Code can be exercised either on proof
          SANJEET KUMAR v. STATE OF BIHAR & ANR.                  1211
•                  [DR. ARIJIT PASAYAT, J.]

       of abuse of process of any Court or othel'Wise to secure the A
       ends of justice have been highlighted in several cases. In State
     , of Haryana and Ors. v. Bhajan Lal and Ors. (1992 Supp. (1)
       sec 335), it was held that though it will not be possible to lay
       down any precise, clearly defined sufficiently channelized and
       inflexible guidelines or rigid formulae and to give an exhaustive B
       list of myriad kinds of cases wherein such power should be
.•     exercised, certain illustrative cases were indicated. They are
       as follows:
            (1)   Where the allegations made in the first information
                  report or the complaint, even if they are taken at       c
                  their face value and accepted in their entirety do not
                  prima facie constitute any offence or make out a
                  case against the accused.
            (2)   Where the allegations in the first information report D
                  and other materials, if any, accompanying the FIR
                  do not disclose a cognizabe offence, justifying an
                  investigation by police officers under.Section 156(1)
                  of the Code except under an order of a Magistrate
                  within the purview of Section 155(2) of the Code.
                                                                        E
            (3)   Where the uncontroverted allegations made in the
                  FIR or complaint and the evidence collected in
                  support of the same do not disclose the
                  commission of any offence and make· out a case
                  against the accused.                                  F
            (4)   Where, the allegations in the"Fl.R do not constitute
                  a cognizable offence but constitute only a non-
                  cognizable offence, no investigation is permitted by
                  a police officer without an order of a Magistrate as
                  contemplated under Section 155(2) of the Code. G
            (5)   Where the allegations made in the FIR or complaint
                  are so absurd and inherently improbable on the
                  basis of which no prudent person can ever reach a
                  just conclusion that there is sufficient ground for H
     1212         SUPREME COURT REPORTS [2009) 6 S.C.R.
                                                                          •
A                 proceeding against the accused.
            (6)   Where there is an express legal bar engrafted in
                  any of the provisions of the Code or the concerned
                  Act (under which a criminal proceeding is instituted)
                  to the institution and continuance of the
B                 proceedings and/or where there is a specific
                  provision in the Code or the concerned Act,
                  providing efficacious redress for the grievance of
                  the aggrieved party.
c           (7)   Where a criminal proceeding is manifestly attended
                  with mala fide and/or where the proceeding is
                  maliciously instituted with an ulterior motive for
                  wreaking vengeance on the accused and with a
                  v.iew to spite him due to private and personal
0                 grudge.
        8. A note of caution was indicated in the following words:
         "103. We also give a note of caution to the effect that the
        power of quashing a criminal proceeding should be
E       exercised very sparingly and with circumspection and that
        too in the rarest of rare cases; that the court will not be
        justified in embarking upon an enquiry as to the reliability
        or genuineness or otherwise of the allegations made in the
        FIR or the complaint and that the extraordinary or inherent.
        powers do not confer an arbitrary jurisdiction on the court
F       to act according to its whim or caprice."
       9. In the circ:.imstances, we set aside the impugned order
  of the High Court and remit the matter for a fresh consideration
  in accordance with law keeping in view the parameters of
G Section 482 of the Code.
        10. The appeal is allowed to the aforesaid extent.
         11. We make it clear that we have not expressed any
    opinion on the merits of the case.
H 8.8.8.                                            Appeal allowed.