SANJAY KUMAR SINGHversusUNION OF INDIA & ORS.

                         [2011] 11 S.C.R. 182


A                      SANJAY KUMAR SINGH
                                    v.
                      UNION OF INDIA & ORS.
                  (Civil Appeal No. 4888 of 2005)
                        SEPTEMBER 6, 2011
B
               [DR. MUKUNDAKAM SHARMA AND
                      ANIL R. DAVE, JJ.] .

        Service Law:
c
         Disciplinary proceedings - Water tanker and escort
   vehicle of CRPF attacked by militants - Five personnel out
   of six on the escort vehicle killed - Disciplinary proceedings
   initiated against personnel of water tanker and the survivor of
0 escort vehicle - They were found guilty of charges of
   disobedience of orders, committing gross misconduct and
   displaying cowardice in execution of their duties - Punishment
   of dismissal from service imposed - HELD: Inquiry Officer
   referred to the statements of the appellants and other materials
E and came to the conclusion - Charge-sheet was supplied to
   appellants much in advance - List of witnesses was supplied
   to appellants and it was mentioned therein that any other
   witnesses could be examined - Appellants themselves
   refused to avail services of Defence Assistant - Appellants
 _ failed to show any prejudice to have been caused to them -
F Therefore, it cannot be said that inquiry proceedings are
   vitiated or there is any violation of principles of natural justice
   - Central Reserve Police Force Rules, 1955 - r. 27 -
   Principles of natural justice - Constitution of India, 1950:

G       CONSTITUTION OF IND/A, 1950:

        Articles 226 and 136 - Scope of, as regards disciplinary
    proceedings - HELD: It is for the departmental authorities to
    conduct an inquiry in accordance with the prescribed Rules
H                                 182
 SANJAY KUMAR SINGH v. UNION OF INDIA & ORS. 183


- The role of the court in the matter of departmental            A
proceedings is very limited and it cannot substitute its own
views or findings by replacing the findings arrived at by the
authority on detailed appreciation of the evidence on record
- In the instant case, two Benches of the High Court have
recorded concurrent findings that there is no violation of the   B
principles of natural justice and that the charges have been
established against all the appellants and that the
punishment awarded is not disproportionate to the offences
alleged - Therefore, to re-appreciate the evidence and to
come to a different finding would be beyond the scope of         c
Article 136 - The judgments and orders passed by High Court
suffer from no infirmity - Service Law - Central Reserve
Police Force Rules, 1955 - r. 27.

       On 13-3-1999 the. appellants and five other personnel
  of the Central Reserve Police Force (CRPF) were detailed D
  to go in two vehicles, one as escort and the other a water
  tanker for bringing water from a certain water point. While
" the water tanker, with the escort party following, was on
  its way to the water point, the militants ambushed the
  vehicles and started firing indiscriminately as a result of E
  which five CRPF personnel in the escort vehicle were
  killed. The appellants were the four who survived the
  ambush. Head Constable 'EH' was the only survivor of
  the escort vehicle who jumped out of the escort vehicle
  when the ambush took place leaving behind the wireless F
  set given to him in the truck itself. They were issued a
  charge-sheet with the allegations that they committed
  disobedience of orders, committed gross misconduct
  and displayed cowardice in execution of their duties and
  in their capacity as members of CRPF. The Inquiry Officer . G
  found the appellant& guilty of the charges framed. The
  disciplinary authority passed the order dated 13/15.1.2000
  dismissing the appellants from service. Their statutory
  appeals were dismissed by the appellate authority, viz.,
  the Deputy Inspector General of Police, CRPF. Their writ H

                                                   •
    184      SUPREME COURT REPORTS            [2011] 11 S.C.R.


A petitions were dismissed by the Single Judge and their
  appeals were dismissed by the Division Bench of the
  High Court.

          Dismissing the appeals, the Court
B        HELD: 1.1. A perusal of inquiry report would indicate
    that the Inquiry Officer in his report, apart from referring
    to the other materials on record, also referred to the
    statements of the appellants. It has come on record that
    'SKS' was driving the water tanker when he heard a
C   sound. L/Nk 'JS' thought that there was a tyre burst and,
    therefore, he got down. Constable 'KNP' told 'SKS' that
    there was an ambush and when the latter found that the
    escort vehicle was not coming, he continued to drive the
    water tanker for 15 Kms without even waiting for L/Nk 'JS'
D   to re-board the vehicle and went to the Police Station.
    The statement of L/Nk JS' is to the same effect. He further
    stated that after getting down from the vehicle he
    retaliated the fire which was actually directionless and
    when he could not re-board the vehicle, he hid himself
E   in a gorge and came out of his hiding place when the
    search parties reached there. He also stated in his
    statement that although he was provided with 40 rounds
    but" he could fire only 14 rounds during the said attack.
    Head Constable 'EH' also gave a statement that at the
F   time of the attack, he jumped and took shelter in a banana
    grove. He admitted that tie left his wireless set in the
    vehicle and that it was not in the vehicle when he came
    back. [Para 11-14] [192-C-H; 193-A]

       1.2. The handbook of the CRPF makes it mandatory
G for each of the constables to carry arms whenever they
  go out in a militancy infested area. The driver of the
  tanker, namely, 'SKS', although was required, but he did
  not carry any weapon with him. His only defence is that
  he was not given any arms and ammunition. A CRPF
H
SANJAY KUMAR SINGH v. UNION .OF INDIA & ORS. 185


personnel is expected to be properly armed in a militancy      A
infested area so as to enable him to face all eventualities
and the said arms are required to be collected while
going to any place, according to command. The driver
('SKS') was also a constable and, therefore, he was
bound by the said instructions. It is stated that he did       B
not follow the said instructions and, therefore, there was
dereliction of duty and also misconduct on his part. [Para
15-16) [193·8-F]

    1.3. So far as the issue with regard to violation of the   C
principles of natural justice in conducting the
departmental inquiry is concerned, the plea is that the
charge-sheet was not issued in accordance with the
provisions of r. 27(c) of the Central Reserve Police Force
Rules, 1955. However, the records reveal that the charge-
sheet was issued to the appellants on 11-8-1999 whereas        D
the trial started only on 20:09.1999. Therefore, it was
issued much before seven days as required to be done
prior to holding of the trial. [Para 18) [193-H; 194-A-B]

     1.4. As regards the reading out the charge-sheet, the     E
same could be read out only when the trial begins in
order to find out whether the appellants plead guilty to
the charges or not and immediately thereafter the trial
commences. In the instant case, the charge-sheet was
read out when the trial commenced on 20.9.1999 and the         F
first witness was examined on 21.09.1999, whereas the
second witness was examined on 25.09.1999 and the
next witness was examined on 29.9.1999. As the charge-
sheet was sent to the appellants on 11-8-1999, therefore,
they were fully aware of the contents of the charge-sheet      G
Thus, no prejudice has been caused to the appellants for
not giving 48 hours after reading out the charges to them.
[Para 19-20) [194-C-G)

    1.5. It is true that a Defence Assistant is to be
                                                               H
    186     SUPREME COURT REPORTS              [2011) 11 S.C.R.


A provided by the authority to assist the delinquent in
  conducting the inquiry but, in the instant case, the
  records disclose that the appellants were asked as to
  whether they would require any Defence Assistant, and
  each one of them specifically stated in the inquiry
B proceedings itself that they did not need any Defence
  Assistant. They have in fact cross-examined the
  witnesses themselves, for which opportunity was
  granted to them. [Para 21) (194-H; 195-A·B]

      1.6. So far as the examination of some of the
C witnesses whose names were not mentioned in the list
  of witnesses is concerned, in the list of witnesses
  supplied to the appellants, it has been categorically
  mentioned that there could be any witness, other than
  those who are cited specifically in the list. It has been
D held by this Court that unless and until it is shown that
  prejudice has been caused, it cannot be said that the
  inquiry proceeding is vitiated or that there is any violation
  of principles of natural justice. (Para 22-23] (195-C-F]

E       Managing Director, ECIL, Hyderabad and Ors. v. 8.
    Karunakar & Ors. 1993 (2) Suppl. SCR 576 = (1993) 4 SCC
    727 and Union of India & Ors. v. A/ok Kumar 2010 (5)
             =
     SCR 35 (2010) 5 sec 349 - relied on.

      2.1. It is for the departmental authorities to conduct
F an inquiry in accordance with the prescribed Rules. The
  role of the court in the matter of departmental
  proceedings is very limited and it cannot substitute its
  own views or findings by replacing the findings arrived
  at by the authority on detailed appreciation of the
G evidence on record. [Para 24) [195-G-H]
        2.2. In the instant case, two Benches of the High
    Court after looking into the records have found that there
    is no violation of the principles of natural justice and that
H
 SANJAY KUMAR SINGH v. UNION OF INDIA & ORS. 187

the charges have 'be1en established against all the            A
appellants and that 1the punishment awarded is not
disproportionate to the offences alleged. The findings
recorded by the Benches of the High Court are
concurrent findings and the same cannot be interfered
with lightly. To re-appreciate the evidence and to come        B
to a different finding would be beyond the scope of
Article 136 of the Constitution of India. The judgments
and orders passed by the High Court suffer from no
infirmity. [Para 25 - 26] [196-A-D]
                    Case Law Reference:                        c
    1993 (2) Suppl. SCR 576 relied on             para 23
     2010 (5). SCR 35             relied on       para 23
    CIVIL AP-PELLATE JURISDICTION : Civil Appeal No.           D
4888 of 2005.

    From the Judgment & Order dated 10.12.2003 of the High
Court of Gauhati in Writ Appeal No. 77 of 2003.

                           WITH                                E

C.A. Nos. 4885 & 4886-4887 of 2005.

    Anitha Shenoy, Amlan Kumar Ghosh, Utpal Saha, Y.
Prabhakara Rao for the Appellant.
                                                               F
       .
    T.S. Doabia, Rashmi Malhotra, Satya Siddiqui, Shreekant
N. Terdal, Sushma Suri for the Respondents.
                                                       -



    The Judgment of the Court was delivered by
                                                               G
     DR. MUKUNDAKAM SHARMA, J. 1. By this common
judgment and order we propose to dispose of all the four
appeals which are interconnected as the issues and the facts
arising for our consideration are similar. They were heard

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    188      SUPREME COURT REPORTS                [2011] 11 S.C.R.


A together and, therefore, a common judgment and order is also
  passed.

        2. These appeals are filed by the appellants being
  aggrieved by the judgment and order dated 10.12.2003
8 passed by the Gauhati High Court whereby the Division Bench
  of the High Court dismissed the writ appeals of the appellants
  and thereby confirmed the judgment and order dated 16.8.02
  passed by the learned single Judge dismissing all the writ
  petitions filed by the appellants holding that the appellantswere
C given all reasonable opportunity to defend themselves and,
  therefore, there was no merit in those writ petitions.

       3. The brief facts leading to the filing of the present appeals
  are that on 13th March, 1999 the appellants and few others of
  the Central Reserve Police Force [for short "CRPF"] while
D serving under 60 Battalion stationed at Haflohg were detailed
  to go in two vehicles, one as escort and other a water tanker
  for bringing water from Retezole Jatinga water point. Sanjay
  Kumar Singh, the driver, Jai Shankar Sharma and K.N. Paswan
  were in the water tanker and they were provided with an escort
E vehicle which was driven by Jawahar Lal and the other
  occupants in the said escort vehicle were Head Constable
  Emmanuel Herenz; L. Nk. Harendra Chowdhury; L. Nk. Jaswant
  Singh; Constable U.K.S. Gurung and Constable P.S. Madhvi.
  While the water tanker with the escort party following was on
F its way to the said water point, the militants ambushed the
  vehicles and started firing indiscriminately as a result of which
  five CRPF personnel in the escort vehicle were killed, namely,
  Driver Jawahar Lal; L. Nk. Harendra Chowdhury; L. Nk. Jaswant
  Singh; Constable U.K.S. Gurung and Constable P.S. Madhvi.
G The appellants were the four who survived the ambush.

         4. Head Constable Emmanuel Herenz is the only survivor
    of the escort vehicle who jumped out of the escort vehicle when
    the ambush took place leaving behind the wireless set given
    to him in the truck itself. It has also come on record that when
H
  SANJAY KUMAR SINGH v. UNION OF INDIA & ORS. 189
         [DR. MUKUNDAKAM SHARMA, J.]

  the militants opened fire L. Nk. Jai Shankar Sharma sitting in         A
  the water tanker thought that there was a tyre burst. In order to
  look at it he got out of the water tanker when he came to realize
 .that it is actually an attack by the militants. In the meantime, the
  driver Sanjay Kumar Singh stopped for a while and thereafter
  drove away the tanker but L. Nk. Jai Shankar Sharma could              B
   not despite his best efforts re-board the vehicle. It has also
  come in evidence that the driver of the tanker took the vehicle
. to the Haringajab Police Station, which was 15 kilometers away
  from the scene of occurrence, and from there he had allegedly
   informed his Unit about the incident.                                 c
       5. When search parties reached the spot they found Head
 Constable Emmanuel Herenz hiding whereas UNk Jai Shankar
 Sharma who had also got down and had run away from the
 place of occurrence was found out from his hiding place which
                                                                         0
 was under a gorge. On the same day the Deputy Commandant,
 60 Battalion lodged a First Information Report with the officer-
 in-charge, Haflong Police Station and on 16.03.1999 all the
 appellants were suspended from service pending departmental
 proceedings against them. The appellants were thereafter
 issued a chargesheet with the allegations that while the                E
 appellants were deputed to function as escort party to the water
 tanker, they committed disobedience of orders, committed
 gross misconduct and displayed cowardice in execution of their
 duties and in their capacity as members of CRPF. The two
 articles of charges framed against them read as follows: -              F

      "Article-I:-

      • .... Out of the two vehicles (Regn. No. DIG 3390 water
      truck (3/5 ton) and Regn. No. DL-IG 7976 escort vehicle)
      deputed with escort party was attacked by the militants by         G
      laying ambush. The above personnel instead of properly
      retaliating to the five of militants in said ambush ran away
      as well as hiding themselves in safe places by leaving the
      other escort party personnel trapped in the ambush and
                                                                         H
    190        SUPREME COURT REPORTS                [2011] 11 S.C.R.


A        as a result of which five personnel namely, L/Nk. Harendra
         Chaudhary, L/Nk. Yaswant Singh, Ct. P.S. Madhvi, Ct. U.
         K.S. Gurung and Ct./Dvr. Jawahar Lal of the escort party
         belonging to this Unit were killed in the ambush on
         13.3.1999 and their weapons and one wireless set were
B        taken away by the militants. Their Act of running away from
         the place of occurrence which leads to their cowardice act
         in execution of duty in said incident of ambush instead of
         retaliating to the fire of militants to injure or kill them for
         safety of force personnel and arms ammunition and
c        equipment is prejudicial, to good order and discipline of
       · the Force."

          Article-II:-

          " ... .That during the aforesaid period and functioning in
D         aforesaid Unit.. .......... They did not follow the orders/
          instructions issued to them as escort party Comdr. which
          were to be followed by them in case of any attack etc., by
          militants on escort party anc. vehicles of which they were
          the Commander. They also failed to keep proper
E         command and control on their party personnel effectively
          by timely retaliating the fire of the militants during the
          ambush ...... As such ........ disobeyed the orders issued to
          them in their capacity of commander of the party
          respectively and neglected in execution of their duties
F         which is prejudicial to be good order and discipline of the
          Force.""

        6. The departmental inquiry was thereafter initiated in terms
  of Rule 26 of the Central Reserve Police Force Rules,· 1955
  [for short "the Rules"]. On completion of the inquiry a report was
G submitted by the Inquiry Officer finding the appellants guilty of
  the charges framed but so far as L. Nk. Jai Shankar Sharma
  is concerned, the Inquiry Officer although found one of the
  charges proved but found the other charge only partially proved.
  After the submission of the said report to the disciplinary
H authority, viz., the Commandant and perusal thereof, the
 SANJAY KUMAR SINGH v. UNION OF INDIA & ORS. 191
        [DR. MUKUNDAKAM SHARMA, J.]
disciplinary authority passed the order of dismissal from             A
service by order dated 13/15.1.2000.

     7. Being aggrieved by the aforesaid order of dismissal
passed against them the appellants preferred statutory appeals
before the appellate authority, viz., the Deputy Inspector General
                                                                      8
of Police, CRPF. The said appeals were however dismissed,
as against which the writ petitions were filed in the Gauhati High
Court which were heard by the learned single Judge and he
dismissed the writ petitions.

    8. The appellants still aggrieved filed writ appeals before       C
the High Court which were also dismissed in the aforesaid
terms. Consequently, the present appeals were preferred on
which we heard the learned counsel appearing for the parties.

      9. Counsel appearing for the appellants submitted that          D
there was violation of the principles of natural justice in the
departmental proceedings as the appellants were not given the
list of witnesses and that some witnesses were examined who
were not even cited as witnesses in the said list. It was also
submitted that no Defence Assistant was provided to the
                                                                      E
appellants for assisting them in the departmental proceeding.
It was further submitted that although the Inquiry Officer found
one of the charges only partially proved as against UNk Jai
Shankar Sharma, however, the disciplinary authority without
showing any reason for disagreement held the said charge as
also wholly proved. It was also submitted that the charges were       F
not read over to the appellants in terms of the mandatory Rule
being Rule 27(c). One of the submissions on behalf of Sanjay
Kumar Singh was that he was not granted any arms and
ammunition and, therefore, the finding that he had violated the
standing orders is wrong and illegal.                                 G

     10. Counsel appearing for the respondents however took
us through the entire records to support his submission that
there was no violation of the principles of natural justice at all.
He also submitted that no prejudice is caused to the appellants       H
    192      SUPREME COURT REPORTS                 [2011) 11 S.C.R.


A in the entire departmental proceedings in which reasonable
  opportunity was granted to the appellants at every stage and,
  therefore, the allegations are without any basis. He drew our
  attention extensively to the inquiry report submitted by the Inquiry
  Officer to support his contention that the appellants were
B provided with all opportunities to defend themselves. He also
  submitted that the punishments given to the appellants were
  commensurate with the offences alleged against them.

       11. In order to appreciate the contentions put forth by the
  counsel appearing for the parties we have perused the records.
C A perusal of inquiry report would indicate that Inquiry Officer ii')
  his report apart from referring to the other materials on record
  also referred to the statements of the appellants. It has come
  on record that Sanjay Kumar Singh was driving the water tanker
  when he heard a sound.
D
       12. UNk Jai Shankar Sharma thought that there was a tyre
  burst and, therefore, he got down but immediately after getting
  down he came to realize that there is ar attack by the militants.
  Constable K.N. Paswan told Sanjay Kumar Singh that there was
E an ambush and when Sanjay Kumar Singh found that the escort
  vehicle was not coming, he continued to drive the water tanker
  for 15·Kms without even waiting for UNk Jai Shankar Sharma
  to reboard the vehicle and went to Haringajab Police Station
  from where he allegedly informed his Unit.
F       13. The statement of UNk Jai Shankar Sharma is to the
  effect that after getting down from the vehicle he retaliated the
  fire which was actually directionless and he ran after his vehicle
  but could not catch it as the vehicle moved forward. Therefore,
  he hid himself in a gorge and came out of his hiding place after
G 1-11/2hour when Shri S.S. Gohar came with a party from the
  battalion headquarter. UNk Jai Shankar Sharma also stated
  in his statement that although he was provided with 40 rounds
  he could fire only 14 rounds during the said attack.

H         14. Head Constable Emmanuel Herenz, one of the
 SANJAY KUMAR SINGH v. UNION OF INDIA & ORS. 193
        [DR. MUKUNDAKAM SHARMA, J.]
appellants, also gave a statement that at the time of the attack;       A
he jumped and took shelter in a banana grove. He admitted
that he left his wireless set in the vehicle and that it was not in
the vehicle when he came back.

      15. Our attention was also drawn to the handbook of the           8
 CRPF which makes it mandatory for each of the constables to
 carry arms whenever they go out in a militancy infested area.
 Sanjay Kumar Singh although was a driver, he was also a
 constable and, therefore, he was bound by the aforesaid
 instructions issued. It is alleged that he did not follow the said     C
 instructions and, therefore, there was dereliction of duty and
 also misconduct on his part.

       16. It appears that the driver of the escort vehicle, who was
  also killed, also did not carry any weapon with him and nor did
  Sanjay Kumar S!ngh, although, he was required to cprry                D
  weapon with him. His only defence is that although others were
  provided with arms and ammunition in the Unit itself, he was
  not given any arms and ammunition. A CRPF personnel is
. expected to be properly armed in a militancy infested area so
  as to ehable him to face all eventuality and the said arms are        E
  required to be collected while going to any place, according to
  command.

       17. Sanjay Kumar Singh would have been justified in taking
. up a plea of the aforesaid nature if d~spite his asking for arms
  and ammunition he was not provided any such arms and
                                                                    F
  ammunition from the Unit. However, Sanjay Kumar Singh has
  not been able to prove that he had gone to the Unit where arms .
  and ammunition are kept for taking it with him and also that he
  had in fact asked for it. There is nothing on record to show that
  Sanjay Kumar Singh had exactly complied and followed the G
  prescribed procedure and requested for giving him the arms
  as he was going out of the Unit. The aforesaid defence which
  is sought to be taken appears to be baseless.

      18. So far the issue with regard to violation of the principles   H
    194      SUPREME COURT REPORTS              (2011] 11 S.C.R.


A of natural justice in conducting the departmental inquiry is
  concerned, the aforesaid submission is made on the ground
  that the chargesheet was not read out and issued in accordance
  with the provisions of Rule 27(c) of the Rules. On going through
  the records we find that the chargesheet was issued to the
B appellants on 11th August, 1999 whereas the trial started only
  on 20.09.1999. Therefore, it was issued much before seven
  days as required to be done prior to holding of the trial.

       19. So far the question of reading out the chargesheet is
C concerned, it appears that the chargesheet was read out when
  the trial commenced on 20th September, 1999 and the first
  witness HC Bahadur Singh was examined on 21.09.1999
  whereas, the second witness was examined on 25.09.1999 and
  the next witness was examined on 29.9.1999. As the
  chargesheet was sent to the appellants on 11th August, 1999,
D therefore, they were fully aware of the contents of the
  chargesheet. So far as the issue with regard to the reading out
  of the chargesheet is concerned, the same could be read out
  only when the trial begins in order to find out whether the
  appellants plead guilty to the charges or not and immediately
E thereafter the trial commences. We do not see any prejudice
  caused to the appellants because one of the witnesses was
  examined in the trial before expiry of forty eight hours,
  particularly in view of the fact that the appellants were made
  aware of the contents of the charges much prior.
F
       20. In our considered opinion, no prejudice is caused to
  the appellants for not giving 48 hours after reading out th.e
  charges to them. Only one witness was examined within that
  48 hours period whereas the next two witnesses were
G examined beyond the 48 hours period. The appellants have not
  been able to show any prejudice caused to them due to
  examining of Bahadur Singh on 21.09.1999.

       21. It was also submitted that no Defence Assistant was
  provided to the appellants as required under the provisions of
H the Rules. It is true that a Defence Assistant is to be provided
     SANJAY KUMAR SINGH v. UNION OF INDIA & ORS. 195
            [DR. MUKUNDAKAM SHARMA, J.]
    by the authority to assist the delinquent officer in conducting the   A
    inquiry but in the present case the records disclose that the
    appellants were asked as to whether they would require any
    Defence Assistant for their aid and assistance. Each one of
    them has specifically stated in the inquiry proceedings itself that
    they do not need ·any Defence Assistant. They have in fact            B
    cross-examined the witnesses themselves, for which opportunity
    was granted to them.

         22. So far as the contention of the Counsel appearing for
    the appellants that some of the witnesses whose names were
    not mentioned in the list of witnesses were examined is
                                                                          c
    concerned, we find that a list of witnesses was also supplied
    to the appellants along with the chargesheet issued to them.
    Therefore, the appellants were fully aware as to who were the
    persons who are going to be examined in the proceeding.
    There were of course two witnesses who were not specifically          D
    named in the list of witnesses but when we refer to the list of
    witnesses the same makes it clear and prove that in that list it
    has categorically been mentioned that there could be any other
    witness, other than those who are cited specifically in the list.
                                                                          E
       23. We may here refer to the decision of this Court in
  Managing Director, ECIL, Hyderabad and Ors. v. B/Karunakar
A & Ors. reported in (1993) 4 SCC 727 wherein this Court has
  held that unless and until it is shown that prejudice has been
  caused it cannot be said that the inquiry proceeding is vitiated        F
  or that there is any violation of principles of natural justice. To
  the same effect is the decision of this Court in the case of Union
B of India & Ors. v. Alok Kumar reported in (2010) 5 SCC 349.
          24. So far as the departmental proceedings are concerned
    it is for the departmental authorities to conduct an inquiry in       G
    accordance with the prescribed Rules. The role of the Court in
    the matter of departmental proceedings is very limited and the
c   Court cannot substitute its own views or findings by replacing
    the findings arrived at by the authority on detailed appreciation
    of the evidence on record.                                            H
    196     SUPREME COURT REPORTS               [2011] 11 S.C.R.


A       25. In the present case two Benches of the High Court after
  looking into the records have found that there is no violation of
  the principles of natural justice and that the charges have been
  established against all the appellants and that the punishment
  awarded is not disproportionate to the offences alleged. After
B the said findings have been recorded by the learned Single
  Judge and the Division Bench, there is hardly any scope for
  this Court to substitute its findings and come to a different
  conclusion, by re-appreciating the evidence. The findings
  recorded by the Benches of the High Court are concurrent
c findings and the same cannot be interfered with lightly.
       26. In our considered opinion, to re-appreciate the
  evidence and to come to a different finding would be beyond
  the scope of Article 136 of the Constitution of India. Therefore,
  we hold that the judgment and order passed by the High Court
D suffers from no infirmity.
        27. Accordingly, the appeals have no merit and are
    dismissed but without any order as to costs.

    R.P.                                     Appeals dismissed.