SAMGHAJI HARIBA PATILversusSTATE OF KARNATAKA

                          SAMGHAJI HARIBA PATIL                                   A
                                        V.

                            STATE OF KARNATAKA

                              OCTOBER 19, 2006

                 (S.B. SINHA AND DALVEER BHANDARI, JJ.)                           B


         Penal Code, 1860-Section 302-Motive-Charge of murder-Sessions
    Judge ordering acquitta/-01' appeal, High Court reversing the order of
r   acquittal- Held, not correct as prosecution failed to prove that accused had C
    any motive to kill deceased.

          Code of Criminal Procedure, 1973-Section 378-Acquittal by Sessions
    Judge-Deposition of witnesses show that view of Sessions Judge was not
    perverse-High Court taking contrary view and reversing the order of
    acquittal-Correctness of-Held, not correct as High Court not to ordinarily D
    overturn a judgment if two views are possible.

           According to prosecution, deceased and accused no. 1 belonged to
    the same village. On the fateful day, while ploughing land, accused no. I
    allegedly started ploughing the land of deceased to which he objected. A
    quarrel ensued whereupon the accused assaulted the deceased. Appellant        E
    is said to have assaulted him with ham mer. Seeing the assault, daughter
    of deceased cried for help, whereupon the accused persons left the sticks
    and hammer at the spot and ran away. The deceased succumbed to his
    injuries on the same day. Appellant along with others was accused of
    commission of an offence punishable under Sections 302, 307, 504 r/w          F
    Section 34 IPC. They were acquitted by Trial Judge. On appeal, High
    Court set aside the acquittal and ordered conviction of appellant u/s. 302
    IPC and other accused u/s. 307 IPC. Hence the present appeal.

         Allowing the appeal, the Court

           HELD: I. The Appellant did not have any land in the vicinity. There    G
    exists a dispute as to whether the land where allegedly the occurrence took
    place belonged to the deceased. It has been found by the Trial Judge, which
    finding has not been set aside by the High Court, that the land said to be
    adjacent to that of the deceased was given on lease by the Tahsildar to
                                       415                                        H
    416                    SUPREME COURT REPORTS [2006] SUPP. 7 S.C.R.

A   one 'B' who was a successful bidder in an auction held for the said purpose.
    The accused No.I, admittedly, did not own any bullocks to plough his land.
    The dispute in regard to the land, if any, was between the deceased and
    accused No. I. The deceased is alleged to have given some land to him, who
    was claiming more. 1418-C-DI

B          2. Sessions Judge had held that prosecution had failed to prove
    charges framed against accused and that they were entitled for acquittal.
    The High Court has taken a contrary view. Had the High Court been the
    first court, probably its view could have been upheld, but it was dealing
    with a judgment of acquittal. The depositions of the main prosecution
C   witnesses show that the view of the Trial Judge cannot be said to be
    perverse or the same was not possible to be taken. While dealing with a
    case of acquittal, it is well known, the High Court shall not ordinarily
    overturn a judgment, if two views are possible. Appellant had no axe to
    grind. The prosecution had not proved that he had any motive. He was
    only said to be the friend of accused No.I. If the accused had gone there
D   with six others to assault the deceased and his family members, it is
    unlikely that appellant would take with him for the said purpose, a
    hammer to an agricultural field. The hammer is not ordinarily used for
    agricultural operations. Even if accused No. I had been nurturing any
    grudge against the deceased, it is unlikely that appellant would be involved
E   therein. For these reasons, the impugned judgment of High Court cannot
    be sustained. [421-C, D-G I

         CRIMINAL APPEL LA TE JURISDICTION : Criminal Appeal No. 444
    of 2006.

F        From the Final Judgment and Order dated 16.9.2005 of the High Court
    of Karnataka at Bangalore in Criminal Appeal No. 936 of 1999.

          C.M. Angadi and Rameshwar Prasad Goyal for the Appellant.

          Sanjay R. Hegde and Anil K. Mishra for the Respondent.

G         The Judgment of the Court was delivered by

          S.B. SINHA, J. This appeal under Section 2 of the Supreme Court
    (Enlargement of Criminal Appellate Jurisdiction) Act, 1970 arises out of a
    judgment and order dated 16th September, 2005 passed by the High Court of
H   Kamataka at Bangalore in Criminal Appeal No.936 of 1999 whereby and
      SAMGHAJI HARIBAPATILv. STATE OF KARNATAKA [SINHA, J.] 417

whereunder an appeal preferred by the State of Karnataka against a judgment      A ·
and order of acquittal passed by the trial court was allowed,

      Appellant herein along with three others was accused of commission of
an offence punishable under Sections 302, 307, 504 read with Section 34 of
the Indian Penal Code (for short, '!PC'), They were acquitted by the learned
Trial Judge, On an appeal preferred by the State of Karnakata, the High          B
Court set aside the said judgment and order, convicting the appellant herein
for commission of an offence under Section 302 IPC. The High Court has
further held all the accused to be guilty of commission of an offence under
Section 307 !PC for causing injuries to P,W,2-Bhaganna, The accused Nos,
1 to 3 were also convicted for an offence punishable under Section 307 IPC       C
for causing injuries to P,W,3, as also for causing injury to P,WA. No separate
sentence, however, was awarded for offences punishable under Section 504
read with Section 34 of the Indian Penal Code,

       The deceased and the accused No, 1-Ningappa Bhaganna Padagaon
 belonged to the same village, Accused No, 1 had no bullocks of his own. He      D
 allegedly borrowed the bullocks of Appellant. On 16.12.1997, while ploughing
 his own land, he allegedly started ploughing the land of the deceased to
 which he objected. P.W.2-his son, Bhaganna, P.W.3 his wife, Tangawwa
 and P.W.4-his daughter, Mayavva, were said to be present at that place. The
 incidence, allegedly, took place at _about 3.00 p.m. A quarrel ensued,
 whereupon all the four accused are said to have assaulted the deceased.         E
 Appellant is said to have assaulted him with a hammer. P.Ws.3 and 4 were
also said to have been assaulted by the other accused with bamboo sticks.
Seeing the assault Kusumavva, daughter of the deceased allegedly cried for
help; whereupon, the accused persons are said to have left the sticks and
hammer at the spot and ran away. Some alleged independent witnesses P.W.14,      F
Mallappa and P.W.15, Rawa Sab, were also said to be present at the spot.
The distance between the place of occurrence and the police station which is
situated in the town of Athani is said to be about 5 to 5 112 kms. P. W.5,
allegedly, boarded a jeep, which was presumably being run as a taxi, went
to the police station and informed about the incident to P.W.11-Nagaraj, a
PSI attached to the said police station. No First Information Report was,        G
however, lodged by him thence. The injured, allegedly, were lying unconscious
for a period of about three hours. P.W.11 came tc the spot and shifted all the
injured persons to the Government hospital. Murugappa, the deceased,
succumbed to his injuries at about 5.15 p.m on the same day. The First
Information Report in relation to the said incident thereafter was lodged by     H
      418                      SUPREME COURT REPORTS [2006] SUPP. 7 S.C.R.

' A P.W.2.
            Before the learned Trial Cou11, the prosecution examined 18 witnesses.
      The learned Trial Judge on cogent reasons opined that the prosecution had
      not been able to prove its case. The learned Judge noticed various discrepancies
                                                                                         -
      in recording its judgment of acquittal.
  B
            The High Court, on the other hand, relied upon the testimonies of the
      so-called eye witnesses and reversed the said judgment.

           It is not disputed before us that Appellant did not have any land in the
    vicinity. There exists a dispute as to whether the land where allegedly the
  C occurrence took place belonged to the deceased. It has been found by the
    learned Trial Judge, which finding has not been set aside by the High court,
    that the land said to be adjacent to that of the deceased was given on lease
    by the Tahsildar to one Bhima Murari Banadi, who was a successful bidder
    in an auction held for the said purpose. The accused No. I, admittedly, did not
  D own any bullocks to plough his land. The dispute in regard to the land, if any,
    was between the deceased and accused No. I. The deceased is alleged to have
    given some land to him, who was claiming more.

           P. W.2 was, allegedly, the first person to be assaulted by the accused
    No. I. The deceased came to his rescue and in the process was assaulted by
  E iron hammer by Appellant, whereas the accused Nos. I, 2 and 3 assaulted
    him with bamboo sticks. Both P.W.2's mother and sister, P.W.4 (C.W.9)
    were also allegedly assaulted. The incident is said to have been witnessed by
    some of the independent witnesses. There were many houses around the land
    in question. The Investigating Officer, however, did not find any house,
    leading to a comment from the learned Trial Judge that he might not have
  F visited the place of occurrence at all. P. W.2 and other witnesses admitted that
    there were 30 to 40 houses sorrounding the agricultural land where the incident
    allegedly occurred. It was admitted that the land is put on auction every year
    and for the years 1997-98, one Bhima Murari Banadi being the highest bidder
    in the auction, had been put in possession of the said land. The revenue
  G records also prove the said fact. Admittedly, there were several agriculturists
    who had been cultivating their own lands.

           The witness stated that the police came to the spot after three hours. It
    is difficult to believe that the injured had been lying on the spot so long, but
    P.W.2 did not call any other person whomsoever in the meanwhile. Who had
  H brought the injured in the jeep, in which they were shifted, had not been
          SAMGHAJI HARIBA PATIL v_ STATE OF KARNATAKA [SINHA, J.] 419

    disclosed. Who had taken them to the hospital had also not been disclosed.         A
    The deceased was declared dead at the Government hospital, whereas P.W.2
    and other injured witnesses were treated at Sangli Hospital.
            P. W.3 is the wife of the deceased. She, although, supported her case in
    regard to the assault but admitted that her husband had died at the Government
    hospital whereafter the police took them to Sangli hospital. She is said to be     B
    an injured witness but failed to identify the weapons of assault. It is of some
    interest to note that she had accepted that the police had tutored her in the
    morning of the day on which she deposed in the Court. According to her, the
    quarrel had been going on for I Yi hours and the people of the surrounding
    lands had seen the incident. She accepted that lathis and hammers are available    C
    in all the agricultural families. The weapons said to have been recovered were



.
    not found to be blood stained.
           P.W.3 was the daughter of the deceased. She was examined on the same
_
    day when her mother was examined. Presumably they came to the court
    together. It is, therefore, difficult to accept that when her mother was tutored   D
    by the police, she was not. She stated that she had been watching and
    counting as to how many beatings were made by each of the accused, which
    is difficult to accept. According to her the police recorded her statement at
    her house after a period of 2 to 3 months of the incident. If that be so, her
    testimony cannot be relied upon.
          P.W.5-Kusumawwa, is the wife of P.W.2. She was also examined in court        E
    on the same day. According to her, on hearing her cry for help, C.Ws. 11 and
    12, who examined themselves as P.W.14 and P.W. 15, came at the spot and on
    seeing them the accused persons went away in a bullock cart. According to
    her, the police came at 7.00 a.m. on the next day and conducted a spot
    Mahazar. She also stated that she had boarded a jeep from the outskirts of         F
    the village, wherefor she had to go on foot to the said place. She had,
    allegedly, paid a sum of Rs.3/- by way of fare. Strangely, no complaint had
    been lodged at her instance. According to her, she did not know the residents
    of the village, although, she was a native thereof.
          P.W.7-Kareppa Maruti Kallur, was the Officer attached to Athani Police G
    Station. Even he was not sure when the First Information Report was lodged.
    There are materials to show that it was recorded on 17th December, 1997, but
    he corrected the same that it was lodged on 16th December.
          According to the prosecution, all the accused persons were found
    present in the village in a temple chit-chatting, wherefrom they were arrested. H
    420                     SUPREME COURT REPORTS [2006) SUPP. 7 S.C.R.

A P.W.11 is the P.S.l., to whom P.W.5 made an oral statement that her in-laws
  had been assaulted. It was reported at 3.45 p.m. The deceased expired at 5.15
  p.m. According to him, the statement of P.W.2 was recorded in the Government
  hospital. It was noticed by the High Court that he was treated at Sangli
  hospital. He did not say who were the assailants. Why no statement was
  recorded even after the police officer came to the spot, has not been disclosed.
B There is nothing to show that there has been a requisition to send the injured
  for further tr~:atment to the Sangli hospital. P.Ws. 14 and 15, who were
  independent witnesses, did not support the case of the prosecution. They
  were declared hostile. Some suggestions only were put to them. They were
  not confronted with their earlier statement. P.W.17 is the Investigating Officer.
C He accepted that the land in question did not belong to the deceased and
  according to him possession of the land was with the Government. He accepted
  habitation about 30 to 40 yards away from the place.

        The doctor, who had prepared the injury report of P.W.2, was not a
  radiologist. X-rays of the injured were taken by some other radiologist, who
D had not been examined. The learned Trial Judge noticed that the post-mortem
  report was issued on 18.12.1997. X-ray reports had not been proved by the
  prosecution in accordance with law. It was also noticed by the learned Trial
  Judge that the Medical Officer had made a note in his letter referring the
  injured persons to General Hospital, Sangli. It was stated :
E               "Please issue the final injury certificate to the Police and patient."

         If the accused No. I was not in possession of the lands in question,
  according to the learned Trial Judge, it would give rise to a doubt as to
  whether the genesis of the occurrence was correct. He has furthermore noticed
F that the independent witnesses, i.e., P.Ws. 14 and 15, although arrived at the
  spot, did not support the prosecution case, whereas according to P. Ws. 2 to
  5, nobody had come and they did not meet anybody. As there were 30 to 40
  houses nearby, it is improbable that nobody came to the place of occurrence.
  The learned trial judge furthermore noticed that tl>ere had been a serious
  inconsistency in the report oflnvestigation Officer to the effect that there was
G no house near the occurrence place, whereas according to P.Ws. 2 to 5
  agricultural lands are surrounded by houses. Neither the prosecution has
  brought on record any material to show that there was a 5th person involved
  in crime and an iron bar was used. The presence of the 5th person and use
  of iron bar in causing injury, which was recorded by the doctor, the learned
  Judge has opined, was not explained by the prosecution. Even the requisition
H had not been proved. P. W. 18, the doctor of Sangli Hospital did not produce
       SAMGHAJI HARIBA PATIL v. ST ATE OF KARNA TAKA [SINHA, J.] 421

the requisition addressed by P.W. J, who referred the injured persons to the       A
said Hospital. He was known to the police as he had been involved in criminal
cases from 1990. The prosecution has not proved to show that accused No.
I did not own any cart or oxen and had borrowed bullocks from accused No.
4, except the statement of P. W.2.

     Mahazar report was also not legally proved. The learned Sessions              B
Judge summed up his findings, stating :

        " ..... To sum up this court holds that the evidence of P.Ws. 2 to 5 do
        not inspire confidence in this court to come to a conclusion that they
        are speaking truth before the court. The case of the prosecution found
        in Ex.P.7 ROR fortifies the view taken by this court. So this court is C
        of considered view that the prosecution has failed to prove the charges
        framed against the accused. The contention of the learned Public
        Prosecutor that the evidence is sufficient to convict the accused is
        rejected. The contention of the advocate for the accused that a case
        which is fabricated is accepted, so this court holds that the accused D
        are entitled for acquittal."
       We have noticed hereinbefore that the High Court has taken a contrary
view. Had the High Court been the first court, probably its view could have
been upheld, but it was dealing with a judgment of acquittal. We have taken
notice of the depositions of the main prosecution witnesses only to show that      E
the view of the learned Trial Judge cannot be said to be perverse or the same
was not possible to be taken. While dealing with a case of acquittal, it is well
known, the High Court shall not ordinarily overturn a judgment if two views
are possible. Appellant had no axe to grind. The prosecution had not proved
that he had any motive. He was only said to be the friend of accused No. I.
If the accused had gone there with six others to assault the deceased and his      F
family members, it is unlikely that appellant would take with him for the said
purpose, a hammer to an agricultural field. The hammer is not ordinarily used
for agricultural operations. Even if we assume that accused No. I had been
nurturing any grudge against the deceased, it is unlikely that Appellant would
be involved therein.
                                                                                   G
      For the reasons aforementioned, the impugned judgment of the High
Court cannot be sustained. It is set aside accordingly. The appeal is allowed.
The appellant shall be set at liberty forthwith unless he is required in any
other case.

D.G.                                                          Appeal allowed.      H